Added some fun GUI primitives

Makefile

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ CC = ${HOME}/opt/cross/bin/i686-elf-gcc
 CPP = ${HOME}/opt/cross/bin/i686-elf-g++ 
 CFLAGS =  -ffreestanding -O2 -Wall -Wextra
 
-OFILES =	$(BUILD_DIR)/boot.o $(BUILD_DIR)/kterm.o $(BUILD_DIR)/kernel.o $(BUILD_DIR)/io.o $(BUILD_DIR)/PageDirectory.o $(BUILD_DIR)/idt.o $(BUILD_DIR)/pic.o $(BUILD_DIR)/string.o
+OFILES =  $(BUILD_DIR)/boot.o $(BUILD_DIR)/window.o $(BUILD_DIR)/cursor.o $(BUILD_DIR)/kterm.o $(BUILD_DIR)/kernel.o  $(BUILD_DIR)/PhysicalMemoryManager.o $(BUILD_DIR)/io.o  $(BUILD_DIR)/vesa.o $(BUILD_DIR)/PageDirectory.o $(BUILD_DIR)/gdtc.o $(BUILD_DIR)/idt.o $(BUILD_DIR)/pic.o $(BUILD_DIR)/string.o
 
 SRC_DIR = src
 BUILD_DIR = build
@@ -19,31 +19,29 @@ OBJ_LINK_LIST = $(CRTI_OBJ) $(CRTBEGIN_OBJ) $(OFILES) $(CRTEND_OBJ) $(CRTN_OBJ)
 INTERNAL_OBJS = $(CRTI_OBJ) $(OFILES) $(CRTN_OBJ)
 
 
-all: clean build clean_up
+all: clean build 
 
-build: build_kernel 
+build: build_kernel iso
 
 
 
 clean_iso: 
-	if [[ -a isodir/* ]] ; then rm isodir/* -d ; fi
-	if [ -f barinkOS.iso ] ; then rm barinkOS.iso ; fi
+	if [[ -a isodir/boot ]] ; then rm root/boot -rd ; fi
+	if [ -f build/barinkOS.iso ] ; then rm build/barinkOS.iso ; fi
 	
-iso: clean_iso build
-	mkdir -p isodir/boot/grub
-	cp build/myos.bin isodir/boot/myos.bin
-	cp src/grub.cfg isodir/boot/grub/grub.cfg
-	grub-mkrescue -o barinkOS.iso isodir
+iso: clean_iso clean build
+	mkdir -p root/boot/grub
+	cp build/myos.bin root/boot/myos.bin
+	cp src/grub.cfg root/boot/grub/grub.cfg
+	grub-mkrescue -o build/barinkOS.iso root
 	
-clean_up:
-	rm build/*.o
-
 test:
-	$(EMULATOR)  -kernel $(BUILD_DIR)/myos.bin -serial file:CON -vga std -monitor stdio -display gtk -m 2G -cpu core2duo 
+	$(EMULATOR)  -kernel $(BUILD_DIR)/myos.bin -serial mon:stdio -vga std  -display gtk -m 2G -cpu core2duo # -monitor stdio
+test_iso:
+	$(EMULATOR) -cdrom build/barinkOS.iso -serial mon:stdio -vga std -display gtk -m 2G -cpu core2duo
 
 build_kernel: $(OBJ_LINK_LIST)
-	
-	$(CC) -T $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/arch/i386/linker.ld -o $(BUILD_DIR)/myos.bin \
+	$(CC) -T $(SRC_DIR)/kernel//linker.ld -o $(BUILD_DIR)/myos.bin \
 	 -ffreestanding -O2 -nostdlib $(OBJ_LINK_LIST) -lgcc
 
 build_x86_64: 
@@ -54,19 +52,19 @@ clean:
 	rm -f $(BUILD_DIR)/myos.bin $(INTERNAL_OBJS)
 
 $(BUILD_DIR)/kernel.o:
-	$(CPP) -c $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/kernel.cpp -o $(BUILD_DIR)/kernel.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
+	$(CPP) -c $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/kernel.cpp -o $(BUILD_DIR)/kernel.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti -fpermissive
 
 $(BUILD_DIR)/kterm.o:
-	$(CC) -c $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/arch/i386/tty/kterm.c  -o $(BUILD_DIR)/kterm.o $(CFLAGS) -std=gnu99
+	$(CPP) -c $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/tty/kterm.cpp  -o $(BUILD_DIR)/kterm.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
 
 $(BUILD_DIR)/boot.o:
-	$(AS) $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/arch/i386/boot.s -o $(BUILD_DIR)/boot.o
+	$(AS) $(SRC_DIR)/kernel//boot.S -o $(BUILD_DIR)/boot.o
 
 $(BUILD_DIR)/crti.o:
-	$(AS) $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/arch/i386/crti.s -o $(BUILD_DIR)/crti.o
+	$(AS) $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/crti.s -o $(BUILD_DIR)/crti.o
 
 $(BUILD_DIR)/crtn.o:
-	$(AS) $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/arch/i386/crtn.s -o $(BUILD_DIR)/crtn.o
+	$(AS) $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/crtn.s -o $(BUILD_DIR)/crtn.o
 
 $(BUILD_DIR)/io.o:
 		$(CPP) -c $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/io.cpp  -o $(BUILD_DIR)/io.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
@@ -75,10 +73,26 @@ $(BUILD_DIR)/PageDirectory.o:
 	$(CPP) -c $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/memory/PageDirectory.cpp -o $(BUILD_DIR)/PageDirectory.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti 
 
 $(BUILD_DIR)/idt.o:
-	$(CPP) -c $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/arch/i386/idt/idt.cpp -o $(BUILD_DIR)/idt.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
+	$(CPP) -c $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/idt/idt.cpp -o $(BUILD_DIR)/idt.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
+
+$(BUILD_DIR)/gdtc.o:
+	$(CPP) -c $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/gdt/gdtc.cpp -o $(BUILD_DIR)/gdtc.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
+
 
 $(BUILD_DIR)/pic.o:
-	$(CPP) -c $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/arch/i386/pic/pic.cpp -o $(BUILD_DIR)/pic.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
+	$(CPP) -c $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/pic/pic.cpp -o $(BUILD_DIR)/pic.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
 
 $(BUILD_DIR)/string.o:
 	$(CC) -c $(SRC_DIR)/libc/include/string.c  -o $(BUILD_DIR)/string.o $(CFLAGS) -std=gnu99
+
+$(BUILD_DIR)/PhysicalMemoryManager.o:
+	$(CPP) -c $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/memory/PhysicalMemoryManager.cpp  -o $(BUILD_DIR)/PhysicalMemoryManager.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
+
+$(BUILD_DIR)/vesa.o:
+	$(CPP) -c $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/drivers/vesa/vesa.cpp  -o $(BUILD_DIR)/vesa.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
+
+$(BUILD_DIR)/window.o:
+	$(CPP) -c $(SRC_DIR)/gui/window.cpp  -o $(BUILD_DIR)/window.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
+
+$(BUILD_DIR)/cursor.o:
+	$(CPP) -c $(SRC_DIR)/gui/cursor.cpp  -o $(BUILD_DIR)/cursor.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti

README.md

@@ -6,6 +6,9 @@
 
 ________________________
 ### Screenshot(s)
+![Graphics mode](screenshots/BarinkOS_VBE_GRAPHICS.png) \
+It may not look like much but I am proud of it! We are in graphics mode.
+
 ![Scrolling the terminal](screenshots/Screenshot1.png)   \
 The first scrolling boot screen. 😲
 
@@ -28,8 +31,8 @@ screen. The terminal/screen has scrolling so the latest messages are visible on
 
 ________________________
 ### Planning
-[See TODO](TODO.md) 
-
+[See TODO](todo.md) \
+[See Features](features.md)
 ________________________
 ### Docs
 [Intro](docs/Intro.md) \

features.md

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 <input type="checkbox" /> Detect CPU speed \
 <input type="checkbox" checked/> Interrupt / exception system (API) \
 
-<input type="checkbox" /> Plan your memory map (virtual, and physical) : decide where you want the data to be. \
+<input type="checkbox" checked/> Plan your memory map (virtual, and physical) : decide where you want the data to be. \
 <input type="checkbox" /> The heap: allocating memory at runtime (malloc and free) is almost impossible to go without. \
 <input type="checkbox" /> Enable SIMD Extensions (SSE)
 
@@ -23,13 +23,13 @@
 <input type="checkbox" /> ACPI support ( Or some other basic way to support shutdown, reboot and possibly hibernation ) \
 <input type="checkbox" /> ATAPI support \
 <input type="checkbox" /> Keyboard support ( P/S2 Keyboard) \
-<input type="checkbox" /> Memory Management (MMU)\ 
-<input type="checkbox" /> Preemptive multi tasking 
-<input type="checkbox" /> Processes 
+<input type="checkbox" checked/> Memory Management (MMU)   
+<input type="checkbox" /> Preemptive multi tasking \
+<input type="checkbox" /> Processes  \
 <input type="checkbox" /> Threads  
 <input type="checkbox" /> Scheduling (SRV2 Unix OR Priority Based Round Robin) \
-<input type="checkbox" /> System V ABI compliance (partially)
-<input type="checkbox" /> POSIX compliance (partially)
+<input type="checkbox" /> System V ABI compliance (partially) \
+<input type="checkbox" /> POSIX compliance (partially) \
 <input type="checkbox" /> RPC - for interprocess communication \
 <input type="checkbox" /> Sync primitives  - Semaphores, Mutexes, spinlocks et al. \
 <input type="checkbox" /> Basic Terminal \
@@ -37,4 +37,4 @@
 <input type="checkbox" /> Basic Window server/client \
 ## Support for more filesystems if I like the challenge in writing these ...
 <input type="checkbox" /> FAT Filesystem \
-<input type="checkbox" /> EXT2 Filesystem \
+<input type="checkbox" /> EXT2 Filesystem 

src/gui/Graphics.h

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#pragma once
+
+class Graphics {
+
+};

src/gui/Widget.h

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#pragma once
+
+
+class Widget{
+    virtual void draw();
+
+};

src/gui/cursor.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#include "cursor.h"
+
+    void Cursor::draw(){
+        for(int i = 0; i <  this->width; i++){
+            for(int j = 0; j <  this->height; j++){
+                if(this->bitmap[j * this->width + i] == 1 ){
+                        putPixel(i + this->x,j + this->y, 0xFF000000);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    Cursor::Cursor(int x, int y){
+        this->x = x;
+        this->y = y;
+    }

src/gui/cursor.h

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#pragma once 
+#include "../kernel/drivers/vesa/vesa.h"
+
+
+class Cursor{
+    public:
+    void draw();
+    Cursor(int x, int y);
+
+
+
+    private:
+        int x;
+        int y;
+        const int width= 16;
+        const int height= 10;
+        const int bitmap [160] = {
+            0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
+
+            0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,
+
+            0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,
+
+            0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,
+
+            0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,
+
+            0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,
+
+            0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,
+
+            0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,
+
+            0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,
+
+            0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
+        };
+};

src/gui/window.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#include "window.h"
+
+int Window::getWidth(){
+    return this->rect.width;
+}
+
+int Window::getHeight(){
+    return this->rect.height;
+}
+
+void Window::setWidth(int& width){
+    this->rect.width = width;
+}
+void Window::setHeight(int& height){
+    this->rect.height = height;
+}
+
+int Window::getX(){
+    return this->rect.x;
+}
+
+int Window::getY(){
+    return this->rect.y;
+}
+
+Window::Window (Rect& rect , uint32_t colour){
+    this->rect = rect;
+    this->Background_colour = colour;
+}
+
+void Window::draw(){
+    drawRect(this->getX() , this->getY() , this->getWidth() , this->getHeight() ,this->Background_colour );
+}

src/gui/window.h

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "../kernel/drivers/vesa/vesa.h"
+#include "Widget.h"
+
+struct Rect {
+    int width;
+    int height;
+    int x;
+    int y;
+
+};
+
+
+
+class Window : Widget{
+
+public:
+    int getX();
+    int getY();
+
+    int getWidth();
+    int getHeight();
+    void setWidth(int&);
+    void setHeight(int&);
+
+    Window (Rect& rect , uint32_t colour);
+    void draw();
+
+
+private:
+    Rect rect;
+    uint32_t Background_colour;
+
+
+
+
+};

src/kernel/arch/i386/boot.s

@@ -1,566 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Multiboot 
- */
-.set ALIGN,    1<<0             /* align loaded modules on page boundaries */
-.set MEMINFO,  1<<1             /* provide memory map */
-.set FLAGS,    ALIGN | MEMINFO  /* this is the Multiboot 'flag' field */
-.set MAGIC,    0x1BADB002       /* 'magic number' lets bootloader find the header */
-.set CHECKSUM, -(MAGIC + FLAGS) /* checksum of above, to prove we are multiboot */
-
-.section .multiboot
-.align 4
-.long MAGIC
-.long FLAGS
-.long CHECKSUM
- 
-
-.section .bss
-.align 16
-stack_bottom:
-.skip 16384 # 16 KiB
-stack_top:
- 
-.section .text
-/*
-* Interupt handlers
-*/
-# NOTE: I have no clue how I should use these macros.
-# Have tried to use them in a myriad of ways, none would actually work
-.macro irs_NoErrCode code:req
-	.globl irs\code
-	irs\code:
-		cli 
-		pushb $0
-		pushb \code
-		jmp irs_common
-.endm
-
-.macro irs_ErrCode code
-	.globl irs\code
-	irs\code:
-		cli
-		pushb \code
-		jmp irs_common
-.endm
-
-.globl irs0
-irs0:
-	cli 
-	push $0
-	push $0
-	jmp irs_common
-
-.globl irs1
-irs1:
-	cli 
-	push $0
-	push $1
-	jmp irs_common
-
-.globl irs2
-irs2:
-	cli 
-	push $0
-	push $2
-	jmp irs_common
-
-.globl irs3
-irs3:
-	cli 
-	push $0
-	push $3
-	jmp irs_common
-
-.globl irs4
-irs4:
-	cli 
-	push $0
-	push $4
-	jmp irs_common
-
-.globl irs5
-irs5:
-	cli 
-	push $0
-	push $5
-	jmp irs_common
-
-.globl irs6
-irs6:
-	cli 
-	push $0
-	push $6
-	jmp irs_common
-
-.globl irs7
-irs7:
-	cli 
-	push $0
-	push $7
-	jmp irs_common
-
-.globl irs8
-irs8:
-	cli 
-	push $0
-	push $8
-	jmp irs_common
-
-.globl irs9
-irs9:
-	cli 
-	push $0
-	push $9
-	jmp irs_common
-
-.globl irs10
-irs10:
-	cli 
-	push $0
-	push $10
-	jmp irs_common
-
-.globl irs11
-irs11:
-	cli 
-	push $0
-	push $11
-	jmp irs_common
-
-.globl irs12
-irs12:
-	cli 
-	push $0
-	push $12
-	jmp irs_common
-
-.globl irs13
-irs13:
-	cli 
-	push $13
-	jmp irs_common
-
-.globl irs14
-irs14:
-	cli 
-	push $0
-	push $14
-	jmp irs_common
-
-.globl irs15
-irs15:
-	cli 
-	push $0
-	push $15
-	jmp irs_common
-
-.globl irs16
-irs16:
-	cli 
-	push $0
-	push $16
-	jmp irs_common
-
-.globl irs17
-irs17:
-	cli 
-	push $0
-	push $17
-	jmp irs_common
-
-.globl irs18
-irs18:
-	cli 
-	push $0
-	push $18
-	jmp irs_common
-
-.globl irs19
-irs19:
-	cli 
-	push $0
-	push $19
-	jmp irs_common
-
-.globl irs20
-irs20:
-	cli 
-	push $0
-	push $20
-	jmp irs_common
-
-.globl irs21
-irs21:
-	cli 
-	push $0
-	push $21
-	jmp irs_common
-
-.globl irs22
-irs22:
-	cli 
-	push $0
-	push $22
-	jmp irs_common
-
-.globl irs23
-irs23:
-	cli 
-	push $0
-	push $23
-	jmp irs_common
-
-.globl irs24
-irs24:
-	cli 
-	push $0
-	push $24
-	jmp irs_common
-
-.globl irs25
-irs25:
-	cli 
-	push $0
-	push $25
-	jmp irs_common
-
-.globl irs26
-irs26:
-	cli 
-	push $0
-	push $26
-	jmp irs_common
-
-.globl irs27
-irs27:
-	cli 
-	push $0
-	push $27
-	jmp irs_common
-
-.globl irs28
-irs28:
-	cli 
-	push $0
-	push $28
-	jmp irs_common
-
-.globl irs29
-irs29:
-	cli 
-	push $0
-	push $29
-	jmp irs_common
-
-.globl irs30
-irs30:
-	cli 
-	push $0
-	push $30
-	jmp irs_common
-
-.globl irs31
-irs31:
-	cli 
-	push $0
-	push $31
-	jmp irs_common
-
-
-
-.globl irq0
-irq0:
-	cli 
-	push $0
-	push $0
-	jmp irq_common
-
-.globl irq1
-irq1:
-	cli 
-	push $0
-	push $1
-	jmp irq_common
-
-.globl irq2
-irq2:
-	cli 
-	push $0
-	push $2
-	jmp irq_common
-
-.globl irq3
-irq3:
-	cli 
-	push $0
-	push $3
-	jmp irq_common
-
-.globl irq4
-irq4:
-	cli 
-	push $0
-	push $4
-	jmp irq_common
-
-.globl irq5
-irq5:
-	cli 
-	push $0
-	push $5
-	jmp irq_common
-
-.globl irq6
-irq6:
-	cli 
-	push $0
-	push $6
-	jmp irq_common
-
-.globl irq7
-irq7:
-	cli 
-	push $0
-	push $7
-	jmp irq_common
-
-.globl irq8
-irq8:
-	cli 
-	push $0
-	push $8
-	jmp irq_common
-
-.globl irq9
-irq9:
-	cli 
-	push $0
-	push $9
-	jmp irq_common
-
-.globl irq10
-irq10:
-	cli 
-	push $0
-	push $10
-	jmp irq_common
-
-.globl irq11
-irq11:
-	cli 
-	push $0
-	push $11
-	jmp irq_common
-
-
-.globl irq12
-irq12:
-	cli 
-	push $0
-	push $12
-	jmp irq_common
-
-.globl irq13
-irq13:
-	cli 
-	push $0
-	push $13
-	jmp irq_common
-
-.globl irq14
-irq14:
-	cli 
-	push $0
-	push $14
-	jmp irq_common
-
-.globl irq15
-irq15:
-	cli 
-	push $0
-	push $15
-	jmp irq_common
-
-irq_common:
-	pusha
-
-	mov %ds, %ax
-	push %eax
-
-	mov $0x10, %ax
-	mov %ax, %ds
-	mov %ax, %es
-	mov %ax, %fs
-	mov %ax, %gs
-
-	call irq_handler
-
-	pop %eax
-
-	mov %ax, %ds
-	mov %ax, %es
-	mov %ax, %fs
-	mov %ax, %gs
-
-	popa
-	add  $8, %esp  # cleans push error and irs code
-	sti
-	iret # pops 5 things at once: CS, EIP, EFLAGS, SS, and ESP
-
-
-irs_common:
-	pusha 				# Pushes edi,esi,ebp,esp,ebx,edx,ecx,eax
-
-
-	mov %ds, %ax
-	push %eax
-
-	/* load the kernel data segment descriptor*/
-
-	mov $0x10, %ax
-	mov %ax, %ds
-	mov %ax, %es
-	mov %ax, %fs
-	mov %ax, %gs
-
-	call irs_handler
-
-	pop %eax
-
-	mov %ax, %ds
-	mov %ax, %es
-	mov %ax, %fs
-	mov %ax, %gs
-
-	popa
-	add  $8, %esp  # cleans push error and irs code
-	sti
-	iret # pops 5 things at once: CS, EIP, EFLAGS, SS, and ESP
-
-.globl idt_flush
-idt_flush:
-	mov 4(%esp), %eax
-	lidt (%eax)
-	ret
-
-.globl enablePaging
-enablePaging:
-	push %ebp
-	mov %esp, %ebp
-	mov %cr0, %eax
-	or $0x80000000, %eax
-	mov %eax, %cr0
-	mov %ebp, %esp
-	pop %ebp
-	ret
-
-.globl loadPageDirectory
-loadPageDirectory:
-	push %ebp
-	mov %esp, %ebp
-	mov 8(%esp), %eax
-	mov %eax, %cr3
-	mov %ebp, %esp
-	pop %ebp
-	ret
-
-.global _start
-.type _start, @function
-_start:
-	/*Setup the stack pointer to point to the beginning of our stack */
-	/* I believe its a high address growing down to lower adress for the stack on x86*/
-	mov $stack_top, %esp
-
-	/*Reset EFLAGS*/
-	pushl $0 
-	popf 
-
-	/* push the pointer to the Multiboot information structure*/
-	pushl %ebx
-
-	/* push the magic value */
-	pushl %eax
-	
-	call early_main
-	cli
-	
-	load_gdt:
-		lgdt gdt
-
-		# set the segment selecters
-
-		movw $0x10, %ax 
-		movw %ax, %ds
-		movw %ax, %es
-		movw %ax, %fs
-		movw %ax, %gs
-		movw %ax, %ss
-		ljmp $0x08, $flush 
-		
-		flush:
-        
-		
-		#load idt
-		call init_idt
-        sti
-        
-        # Try enable A20
-		# mov $0x2401, %ax
-		# int $0x15
-
-
-		# enable protected mode
-		mov %cr0, %eax 
-		or $1, %eax
-		mov %eax, %cr0
-
-		
-		call kernel_main
-
-
-		cli
-	1:	hlt
-		jmp 1b
-	
-
-
-	
-	/* Tell processor to use our gdt*/
-	gdt: 
-		.word (gdt_end - gdt_start -1) # Size of the GDT in bytes minus 1 for math reasons
-		.int gdt_start # linear address of our GDT
-
-	
-
-	
-.att_syntax
-
-
-.size _start, . - _start
-
-
-/*
-* Create the GDT
-*/
-.section .data
-gdt_start:
-gdt_null:
-.long 0x0
-.long 0x0
-
-gdt_kcode:
-.word 0xFFFF             # limit
-.word 0x0                # base
-.byte 0x0                # base
-.byte 0b10011010         # 1st flags | type flags
-.byte 0b11001111         # 2nd flags | limit
-.byte 0x0                # base
-
-gdt_kdata:
-.word 0xFFFF             # limit
-.word 0x0                # base
-.byte 0x0                # base
-.byte 0b10010010         # 1st flags | type flags
-.byte 0b11001111         # 2nd flags | limit
-.byte 0x0                # base
-gdt_end:

src/kernel/arch/i386/gdt/gdtc.cpp

@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-#include "gdtc.h"
-#include "../tty/kterm.h"
- 
-gdtEntry_t gdt[3];
-
-
-void gdtSetGate(int num, uint64_t base, uint64_t limit, uint8_t access,
-   uint8_t gran){
-   gdt[num].lBase      = (base & 0xFFFF);
-   gdt[num].mBase      = (base >> 16) & 0xFF;
-   gdt[num].hBase      = (base >> 24) & 0xFF;
-
-   gdt[num].lLimit      = (limit & 0xFFFF);
-   gdt[num].granularity   = ((limit >> 16) & 0x0F);
-
-   gdt[num].granularity   |= (gran & 0xF0);
-   gdt[num].access      = access;
-}
-
-void setupGdt(){
-
-   printf("setupGdt is called!");
-   gdtPointer.limit   = (sizeof(gdtEntry_t) * 3) - 1;
-   gdtPointer.base    = &gdt;
-
-   gdtSetGate(0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
-   gdtSetGate(1, 0, 0xFFFFFFFF, 0x9A, 0xCF);
-   gdtSetGate(2, 0, 0xFFFFFFFF, 0x92, 0xCF);
-
-   loadGdt();
-}

src/kernel/arch/i386/gdt/gdtc.h

@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-#include <stdint.h>
-extern "C"{
-
-typedef struct {
-   uint16_t           lLimit;
-   uint16_t           lBase;
-   uint8_t            mBase;
-   uint8_t            access;
-   uint8_t            granularity;
-   uint8_t            hBase;
-} gdtEntry_t;
-
-struct {
-   uint16_t limit;
-   uint32_t base;
-} gdtPointer;
-
-extern void loadGdt();
-void setupGdt();
-}

src/kernel/boot.S

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+/*
+ * Multiboot 
+ */
+.set ALIGN,    1<<0             		/* align loaded modules on page boundaries */
+.set MEMINFO,  1<<1             		/* provide memory map */
+.set VIDEO,	   1<<2						/* provide video mode */
+.set FLAGS,    ALIGN | MEMINFO | VIDEO  /* this is the Multiboot 'flag' field */
+.set MAGIC,    0x1BADB002       		/* 'magic number' lets bootloader find the header */
+.set CHECKSUM, -(MAGIC + FLAGS) 		/* checksum of above, to prove we are multiboot */
+
+.section .multiboot
+.align 4
+.long MAGIC
+.long FLAGS
+.long CHECKSUM
+.long 0 # unused
+.long 0 # .
+.long 0 # .
+.long 0 # .
+.long 0 # unused
+.long 0 # set graphics mode
+.long 800 # screen witdh
+.long 600 # screen height
+.long 32 # bpp
+
+.section .bss
+.align 16
+stack_bottom:
+.skip 16384 # 16 KiB
+stack_top:
+ 
+.section .text
+.include "./src/kernel/irs_table.s"
+.include "./src/kernel/irq_table.s"
+.include "./src/kernel/idt/idt.s"
+.include "./src/kernel/paging.s"
+
+
+.global _start
+.type _start, @function
+_start:
+	/*Setup the stack pointer to point to the beginning of our stack */
+	/* I believe its a high address growing down to lower adress for the stack on x86*/
+	mov $stack_top, %esp
+
+	/*Reset EFLAGS*/
+	pushl $0 
+	popf 
+
+	/* push the pointer to the Multiboot information structure*/
+	pushl %ebx
+
+	/* push the magic value */
+	pushl %eax
+	
+	call early_main
+	cli
+	
+	
+
+.include "./src/kernel/gdt/gdt.s"
+
+	loadIDT:
+		#load idt
+		call init_idt
+        sti
+        
+        # Try enable A20
+		# mov $0x2401, %ax
+		# int $0x15
+
+
+		# enable protected mode
+		mov %cr0, %eax 
+		or $1, %eax
+		mov %eax, %cr0
+
+		
+		call kernel_main
+
+
+		cli
+	1:	hlt
+		jmp 1b
+
+
+.size _start, . - _start

src/kernel/bootcheck.h

@@ -1,73 +1,108 @@
 #pragma once 
 #include "bootloader/multiboot.h"
 #define CHECK_FLAG(flags, bit) ((flags) & (1 <<(bit)))
-
-extern "C" {
-    #include "arch/i386/tty/kterm.h"
-}
-
-
+#include "../gui/window.h"
+#include "../gui/cursor.h"
+#include "tty/kterm.h"
+#include "drivers/vesa/vesa.h"
 
 void CheckMBT ( multiboot_info_t*  mbt  ){
-      /* Set MBI to the addresss of the multiboot information structure*/
-        multiboot_info_t * mbi = (multiboot_info_t *) mbt;
+  /* Set MBI to the addresss of the multiboot information structure*/
+  multiboot_info_t * mbi = (multiboot_info_t *) mbt;
 
-        /* Print out the flags */
-        printf("flags = 0x%x\n", (unsigned) mbi->flags);
+  /* Print out the flags */
+  printf("flags = 0x%8x\n", (unsigned) mbi->flags);
 
-        /* Are mem_* valid? */
-        if ( CHECK_FLAG(mbi->flags,0)){
-            printf("mem_lower = %uKB, mem_upper = %uKB\n");
-        }
+  /* Are mem_* valid? */
+  if ( CHECK_FLAG(mbi->flags,0)){
+      printf("mem_lower = %uKB, mem_upper = %uKB\n");
+  }
 
-        /* is boot device valid ? */
-        if (CHECK_FLAG (mbi->flags, 1)){
-            printf("boot_device = 0x0%x\n", (unsigned) mbi->boot_device);
-        }
+  /* is boot device valid ? */
+  if (CHECK_FLAG (mbi->flags, 1)){
+      printf("boot_device = 0x0%x\n", (unsigned) mbi->boot_device);
+  }
 
-        /* is the command line passed? */
-        if (CHECK_FLAG ( mbi->flags,2)){
-            printf("cmdline = %s\n", (char *) mbi->cmdline);
-        }
+  /* is the command line passed? */
+  if (CHECK_FLAG ( mbi->flags,2)){
+      printf("cmdline = %s\n", (char *) mbi->cmdline);
+  }
 
-        /* Are mods_* valid? */
-        if(CHECK_FLAG ( mbi->flags, 3)){
-            multiboot_module_t *mod;
-            uint32_t i;
+  /* Are mods_* valid? */
+  if(CHECK_FLAG ( mbi->flags, 3)){
+      multiboot_module_t *mod;
+      uint32_t i;
 
-            printf("mods count = %d, mods_addr = 0x%x\n", (int) mbi->mods_count, (int) mbi->mods_addr);
+      printf("mods count = %d, mods_addr = 0x%x\n", (int) mbi->mods_count, (int) mbi->mods_addr);
 
-            for(i = 0, mod = (multiboot_module_t *) mbi->mods_addr; i < mbi->mods_count; i++ , mod++){
-                printf(" mod start = 0x%x, mod_end = 0x%x, cmdline = %s\n", (unsigned) mod->mod_start, (unsigned) mod->mod_end, (char*) mod->cmdline);
-            }
-        }
+      for(i = 0, mod = (multiboot_module_t *) mbi->mods_addr; i < mbi->mods_count; i++ , mod++){
+          printf(" mod start = 0x%x, mod_end = 0x%x, cmdline = %s\n", (unsigned) mod->mod_start, (unsigned) mod->mod_end, (char*) mod->cmdline);
+      }
+  }
 
-        /* Bits 4 and 5 are mutually exclusive! */
-        if (CHECK_FLAG (mbi->flags, 4) && CHECK_FLAG(mbi->flags, 5)){
-            printf("Both bits 4 and 5 are set.\n");
-            return;
-        }
+  /* Bits 4 and 5 are mutually exclusive! */
+  if (CHECK_FLAG (mbi->flags, 4) && CHECK_FLAG(mbi->flags, 5)){
+      printf("Both bits 4 and 5 are set.\n");
+      return;
+  }
 
-        /* Is the symbol table of a.out valid? */
-        if (CHECK_FLAG(mbi->flags, 4)){
-            multiboot_aout_symbol_table_t *multiboot_aout_sym = &(mbi->u.aout_sym);
+  /* Is the symbol table of a.out valid? */
+  if (CHECK_FLAG(mbi->flags, 4)){
+      multiboot_aout_symbol_table_t *multiboot_aout_sym = &(mbi->u.aout_sym);
 
-            printf( "multiboot_aout_symbol_table: tabsize = 0x%0x, strsize = 0x%x, addr = 0x%x\n", 
-            (unsigned) multiboot_aout_sym->tabsize,
-            (unsigned) multiboot_aout_sym->strsize,
-            (unsigned) multiboot_aout_sym->addr);
+      printf( "multiboot_aout_symbol_table: tabsize = 0x%0x, strsize = 0x%x, addr = 0x%x\n", 
+      (unsigned) multiboot_aout_sym->tabsize,
+      (unsigned) multiboot_aout_sym->strsize,
+      (unsigned) multiboot_aout_sym->addr);
 
-        }
+  }
 
-        /* Is the section header table of ELF valid? */
-        if (CHECK_FLAG(mbi->flags, 5)){
-            multiboot_elf_section_header_table_t *multiboot_elf_sec = &(mbi->u.elf_sec);
+  /* Is the section header table of ELF valid? */
+  if (CHECK_FLAG(mbi->flags, 5)){
+      multiboot_elf_section_header_table_t *multiboot_elf_sec = &(mbi->u.elf_sec);
 
-            printf("multiboot_elf_sec: num = %u, size = 0x%x, addr = 0x%x, shnd = 0x%x\n",
-            (unsigned) multiboot_elf_sec->num, (unsigned) multiboot_elf_sec->size,
-            (unsigned) multiboot_elf_sec->addr, (unsigned)  multiboot_elf_sec->shndx);
-            
-        }
+      printf("multiboot_elf_sec: num = %u, size = 0x%x, addr = 0x%x, shnd = 0x%x\n",
+      (unsigned) multiboot_elf_sec->num, (unsigned) multiboot_elf_sec->size,
+      (unsigned) multiboot_elf_sec->addr, (unsigned)  multiboot_elf_sec->shndx);
+      
+  }
+
+  /* Draw diagonal blue line */
+  if (CHECK_FLAG (mbt->flags, 11)){
+    printf("Can draw!");
 
 
+
+    // Init vesa driver
+    initVBEDevice(mbt); 
+
+    // Fill screen with blue
+                                                // colours AARRGGBB
+    drawRect(0, 0 , VbeModeInfo->width,VbeModeInfo->height, 0xFF0000FF);
+
+    // Create two windows
+    Rect rect_window1 {};
+    Rect rect_window2 {};
+    rect_window1.height =200;
+    rect_window1.width = 300;
+    rect_window1.x = 50;
+    rect_window1.y = 50;
+
+    rect_window2.height =200;
+    rect_window2.width = 300;
+    rect_window2.x = 300;
+    rect_window2.y = 200;
+
+    Window window_1 ( rect_window1, 0xFF00F0FF);
+    Window window_2 (rect_window2, 0xFFAACCDD);
+
+    window_1.draw();
+    window_2.draw();
+
+    Cursor cursor (70,100);
+
+    cursor.draw();
+
+
+  }
 }

src/kernel/drivers/vesa/vesa.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+#include "vesa.h"
+VbeInfoBlock* vbeInfo;
+vbe_mode_info_structure* VbeModeInfo;
+
+void initVBEDevice(multiboot_info_t* mbt){
+    print_serial("initVBEDevice");
+
+    vbeInfo = (VbeInfoBlock*) mbt->vbe_control_info;
+    printf_serial("Signature: %s, V0x%x\n", vbeInfo->VbeSignature, vbeInfo->VbeVersion);
+
+    VbeModeInfo = (vbe_mode_info_structure*) mbt->vbe_mode_info;
+
+    printf_serial("VESA video mode info: Width: %d Height: %d BPP: %d\n", VbeModeInfo->width, VbeModeInfo->height , VbeModeInfo->bpp);
+    printf_serial("VideoMemory Location: 0x%x \n", VbeModeInfo->framebuffer );
+}
+
+void putPixel( int x, int y , uint32_t colour){
+   // printf_serial("putPixel x: %d, y: %d\n", x, y);
+                    ///fb + mbt->framebuffer_pitch * y + 4 * x ,NOTE: this calculation is very important 
+    *(uint32_t*) (  VbeModeInfo->framebuffer + VbeModeInfo->pitch * y + 4  * x ) = colour;
+}
+void drawLine(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, uint32_t colour ){
+    print_serial("drawline\n");
+    // See Bresenham's line algorithm
+    int deltaX = x2 - x1;
+    int deltaY = y2 - y1;
+    int D = 2 * deltaY - deltaX;
+    int y = y1;
+
+    for ( int x = x1; x < x2; x++){
+      putPixel(x,y, colour);
+      if( D > 0){
+        y +=1;
+        D = D - 2 * deltaX;
+      }
+      D = D + 2 * deltaY;
+    }
+
+
+
+}
+void drawRect ( int x, int y, int width, int height, uint32_t colour ){
+    print_serial("drawRect\n");
+    for ( int i = x; i < x + width; i ++)
+    {
+      for(int j = y; j < y + height; j++){
+        
+        putPixel(i,j, colour);
+      }
+    }
+
+}
+
+
+void blueDiagnalLineTest(multiboot_info_t* mbt){
+    multiboot_uint32_t color;
+    unsigned i;
+    void *fb = (void *) (unsigned long) mbt->framebuffer_addr;
+
+     switch (mbt->framebuffer_type)
+        {
+        case MULTIBOOT_FRAMEBUFFER_TYPE_INDEXED:
+          {
+            unsigned best_distance, distance;
+            struct multiboot_color *palette;
+            
+            palette = (struct multiboot_color *) mbt->framebuffer_palette_addr;
+
+            color = 0;
+            best_distance = 4*256*256;
+            
+            for (i = 0; i < mbt->framebuffer_palette_num_colors; i++)
+              {
+                distance = (0xff - palette[i].blue) * (0xff - palette[i].blue)
+                  + palette[i].red * palette[i].red
+                  + palette[i].green * palette[i].green;
+                if (distance < best_distance)
+                  {
+                    color = i;
+                    best_distance = distance;
+                  }
+              }
+          }
+          break;
+
+        case MULTIBOOT_FRAMEBUFFER_TYPE_RGB:
+          color = ((1 << mbt->framebuffer_blue_mask_size) - 1) 
+            << mbt->framebuffer_blue_field_position;
+          break;
+
+        case MULTIBOOT_FRAMEBUFFER_TYPE_EGA_TEXT:
+          color = '\\' | 0x0100;
+          break;
+
+        default:
+          color = 0xffffffff;
+          break;
+        }
+      for (i = 0; i < mbt->framebuffer_width
+             && i < mbt->framebuffer_height; i++)
+        {
+          switch (mbt->framebuffer_bpp)
+            {
+            case 8:
+              {
+                multiboot_uint8_t *pixel = (multiboot_uint8_t*)fb + mbt->framebuffer_pitch * i + i;
+                *pixel = color;
+              }
+              break;
+            case 15:
+            case 16:
+              {
+                multiboot_uint16_t *pixel
+                  = (multiboot_uint16_t*)fb + mbt->framebuffer_pitch * i + 2 * i;
+                *pixel = color;
+              }
+              break;
+            case 24:
+              {
+                multiboot_uint32_t *pixel
+                  = (multiboot_uint32_t*)fb + mbt->framebuffer_pitch * i + 3 * i;
+                *pixel = (color & 0xffffff) | (*pixel & 0xff000000);
+              }
+              break;
+
+            case 32:
+              {
+                multiboot_uint32_t *pixel
+                  = (multiboot_uint32_t*)fb + mbt->framebuffer_pitch * i + 4 * i;
+                *pixel = color;
+              }
+              break;
+            }
+        }
+}
+

src/kernel/drivers/vesa/vesa.h

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+#pragma once 
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include "../../bootloader/multiboot.h"
+#include "../../serial.h"
+
+struct vbe_mode_info_structure{
+        uint16_t attributes;
+        uint8_t window_a;
+        uint8_t window_b;
+        uint16_t granularity;
+        uint16_t window_size;
+        uint16_t segment_a;
+        uint16_t segment_b;
+        uint32_t win_func_ptr;
+        uint16_t pitch;
+        uint16_t width;
+        uint16_t height;
+        uint8_t w_char;
+        uint8_t y_char;
+        uint8_t planes;
+        uint8_t bpp;
+        uint8_t banks;
+        uint8_t memory_model;
+        uint8_t bank_size;
+        uint8_t image_pages;
+        uint8_t reserved0;
+
+        uint8_t red_mask;
+        uint8_t red_position;
+        uint8_t green_mask;
+        uint8_t green_position;
+        uint8_t blue_mask;
+        uint8_t blue_position;
+        uint8_t reserved_mask;
+        uint8_t reserved_position;
+        uint8_t direct_color_attributes;
+
+        uint32_t framebuffer;
+        uint32_t off_screen_mem_off;
+        uint16_t off_screen_mem_size;
+        uint8_t reserved1[206];
+      }__attribute__((packed));
+
+struct VbeInfoBlock {
+        char VbeSignature[4];
+        uint16_t VbeVersion;
+        uint16_t OemStringPtr;
+        uint8_t Capabilities;
+        uint16_t VideoModePtr;
+        uint16_t TotalMemory;
+      }__attribute__((packed));
+
+extern VbeInfoBlock* vbeInfo;
+extern vbe_mode_info_structure* VbeModeInfo;
+
+
+
+void initVBEDevice(multiboot_info_t* mbt);
+
+void blueDiagnalLineTest(multiboot_info_t* mbt);
+
+
+// Primitive drawing functions  
+void putPixel( int x, int y , uint32_t colour);
+void drawLine(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, uint32_t colour );
+void drawRect ( int x, int y, int width, int height, uint32_t colour );

src/kernel/gdt/gdt.s

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+.global LoadGlobalDescriptorTable
+
+	LoadGlobalDescriptorTable:
+		lgdt gdtDescriptor
+
+		movw $16, %ax 
+		movw %ax, %ds
+		movw %ax, %es
+		movw %ax, %fs
+		movw %ax, %gs
+		movw %ax, %ss
+		
+		jmp $8,$flush 
+
+		flush: 
+		ret
+		
+	
+

src/kernel/gdt/gdtc.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+#include "gdtc.h"
+#include "../tty/kterm.h"
+
+#define NULL_SEGMENT          0
+#define KERNEL_CODE_SEGMENT   1
+#define KERNEL_DATA_SEGMENT   2
+#define USER_CODE_SEGMENT     3
+#define USER_DATA_SEGMENT     4
+
+SegmentDescriptor GlobalDescriptorTable[5];
+GlobalDescriptorTableDescriptor gdtDescriptor;
+
+void add_descriptor(int which , unsigned long base, unsigned long limit, unsigned char access, unsigned char granularity ){
+   GlobalDescriptorTable[which].base_low = (base & 0xFFFF );
+   GlobalDescriptorTable[which].base_middle = (base >> 6) & 0xFF;
+   GlobalDescriptorTable[which].base_high = (base >> 24) & 0xFF;
+   
+   GlobalDescriptorTable[which].limit_low = (limit & 0xFFFF);
+   GlobalDescriptorTable[which].granularity = ((limit >> 16) & 0x0F);
+
+   GlobalDescriptorTable[which].granularity |= (granularity & 0xF0);
+   GlobalDescriptorTable[which].access = access;
+
+
+}
+
+
+
+
+void initGDT(){
+
+      // NULL segment
+      add_descriptor(NULL_SEGMENT, 0,0,0,0);
+
+      // Kernel Code Segment
+      add_descriptor(KERNEL_CODE_SEGMENT, 0, 0xFFFFFFFF, 0x9A, 0xCF);
+
+      // Kernel Data Segment
+      add_descriptor(KERNEL_DATA_SEGMENT, 0, 0xFFFFFFFF, 0x92, 0xCF);      
+
+      // User Code Segment
+      // TODO:
+      
+      // User Data Segement
+      // TODO: 
+      
+      // init Gdt Descriptor
+      gdtDescriptor.limit = ((sizeof(SegmentDescriptor ) * 5 ) - 1);
+      gdtDescriptor.base = (unsigned int) &GlobalDescriptorTable;
+
+      printf("Hello GDT!\n");
+
+
+      LoadGlobalDescriptorTable();
+
+//      while (true)
+//         asm volatile("hlt");
+      
+
+
+
+}

src/kernel/gdt/gdtc.h

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+
+struct SegmentDescriptor {
+   unsigned short limit_low;
+   unsigned short base_low;
+   unsigned char base_middle;
+   unsigned char access;
+   unsigned char granularity;
+   unsigned char base_high;
+}__attribute__((packed));
+
+
+struct GlobalDescriptorTableDescriptor{
+   unsigned short limit;
+   unsigned int base;
+}__attribute__((packed));
+
+extern SegmentDescriptor GlobalDescriptorTable[];
+extern GlobalDescriptorTableDescriptor gdtDescriptor;
+
+
+void add_descriptor(int which , unsigned long base, unsigned long limit, unsigned char access, unsigned char granularity );
+
+
+extern "C" void LoadGlobalDescriptorTable();
+void initGDT();

src/kernel/idt/idt.h

@@ -5,9 +5,7 @@
 #include "../vga/colors.h"
 #include "../pic/pic.h"
 
-extern "C"{
-    #include "../tty/kterm.h"
-}
+#include "../tty/kterm.h"
 
 
 extern "C" {

src/kernel/idt/idt.s

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+
+.globl idt_flush
+idt_flush:
+	mov 4(%esp), %eax
+	lidt (%eax)
+	ret

src/kernel/irq_table.s

@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+.globl irq0
+irq0:
+	cli 
+	push $0
+	push $0
+	jmp irq_common
+
+.globl irq1
+irq1:
+	cli 
+	push $0
+	push $1
+	jmp irq_common
+
+.globl irq2
+irq2:
+	cli 
+	push $0
+	push $2
+	jmp irq_common
+
+.globl irq3
+irq3:
+	cli 
+	push $0
+	push $3
+	jmp irq_common
+
+.globl irq4
+irq4:
+	cli 
+	push $0
+	push $4
+	jmp irq_common
+
+.globl irq5
+irq5:
+	cli 
+	push $0
+	push $5
+	jmp irq_common
+
+.globl irq6
+irq6:
+	cli 
+	push $0
+	push $6
+	jmp irq_common
+
+.globl irq7
+irq7:
+	cli 
+	push $0
+	push $7
+	jmp irq_common
+
+.globl irq8
+irq8:
+	cli 
+	push $0
+	push $8
+	jmp irq_common
+
+.globl irq9
+irq9:
+	cli 
+	push $0
+	push $9
+	jmp irq_common
+
+.globl irq10
+irq10:
+	cli 
+	push $0
+	push $10
+	jmp irq_common
+
+.globl irq11
+irq11:
+	cli 
+	push $0
+	push $11
+	jmp irq_common
+
+
+.globl irq12
+irq12:
+	cli 
+	push $0
+	push $12
+	jmp irq_common
+
+.globl irq13
+irq13:
+	cli 
+	push $0
+	push $13
+	jmp irq_common
+
+.globl irq14
+irq14:
+	cli 
+	push $0
+	push $14
+	jmp irq_common
+
+.globl irq15
+irq15:
+	cli 
+	push $0
+	push $15
+	jmp irq_common
+
+irq_common:
+	pusha
+
+	mov %ds, %ax
+	push %eax
+
+	mov $0x10, %ax
+	mov %ax, %ds
+	mov %ax, %es
+	mov %ax, %fs
+	mov %ax, %gs
+
+	call irq_handler
+
+	pop %eax
+
+	mov %ax, %ds
+	mov %ax, %es
+	mov %ax, %fs
+	mov %ax, %gs
+
+	popa
+	add  $8, %esp  # cleans push error and irs code
+	sti
+	iret # pops 5 things at once: CS, EIP, EFLAGS, SS, and ESP

src/kernel/irs_table.s

@@ -0,0 +1,256 @@
+/*
+* Interupt handlers
+*/
+
+.globl irs0
+irs0:
+	cli 
+	push $0
+	push $0
+	jmp irs_common
+
+.globl irs1
+irs1:
+	cli 
+	push $0
+	push $1
+	jmp irs_common
+
+.globl irs2
+irs2:
+	cli 
+	push $0
+	push $2
+	jmp irs_common
+
+.globl irs3
+irs3:
+	cli 
+	push $0
+	push $3
+	jmp irs_common
+
+.globl irs4
+irs4:
+	cli 
+	push $0
+	push $4
+	jmp irs_common
+
+.globl irs5
+irs5:
+	cli 
+	push $0
+	push $5
+	jmp irs_common
+
+.globl irs6
+irs6:
+	cli 
+	push $0
+	push $6
+	jmp irs_common
+
+.globl irs7
+irs7:
+	cli 
+	push $0
+	push $7
+	jmp irs_common
+
+.globl irs8
+irs8:
+	cli 
+	push $0
+	push $8
+	jmp irs_common
+
+.globl irs9
+irs9:
+	cli 
+	push $0
+	push $9
+	jmp irs_common
+
+.globl irs10
+irs10:
+	cli 
+	push $0
+	push $10
+	jmp irs_common
+
+.globl irs11
+irs11:
+	cli 
+	push $0
+	push $11
+	jmp irs_common
+
+.globl irs12
+irs12:
+	cli 
+	push $0
+	push $12
+	jmp irs_common
+
+.globl irs13
+irs13:
+	cli 
+	push $13
+	jmp irs_common
+
+.globl irs14
+irs14:
+	cli 
+	push $0
+	push $14
+	jmp irs_common
+
+.globl irs15
+irs15:
+	cli 
+	push $0
+	push $15
+	jmp irs_common
+
+.globl irs16
+irs16:
+	cli 
+	push $0
+	push $16
+	jmp irs_common
+
+.globl irs17
+irs17:
+	cli 
+	push $0
+	push $17
+	jmp irs_common
+
+.globl irs18
+irs18:
+	cli 
+	push $0
+	push $18
+	jmp irs_common
+
+.globl irs19
+irs19:
+	cli 
+	push $0
+	push $19
+	jmp irs_common
+
+.globl irs20
+irs20:
+	cli 
+	push $0
+	push $20
+	jmp irs_common
+
+.globl irs21
+irs21:
+	cli 
+	push $0
+	push $21
+	jmp irs_common
+
+.globl irs22
+irs22:
+	cli 
+	push $0
+	push $22
+	jmp irs_common
+
+.globl irs23
+irs23:
+	cli 
+	push $0
+	push $23
+	jmp irs_common
+
+.globl irs24
+irs24:
+	cli 
+	push $0
+	push $24
+	jmp irs_common
+
+.globl irs25
+irs25:
+	cli 
+	push $0
+	push $25
+	jmp irs_common
+
+.globl irs26
+irs26:
+	cli 
+	push $0
+	push $26
+	jmp irs_common
+
+.globl irs27
+irs27:
+	cli 
+	push $0
+	push $27
+	jmp irs_common
+
+.globl irs28
+irs28:
+	cli 
+	push $0
+	push $28
+	jmp irs_common
+
+.globl irs29
+irs29:
+	cli 
+	push $0
+	push $29
+	jmp irs_common
+
+.globl irs30
+irs30:
+	cli 
+	push $0
+	push $30
+	jmp irs_common
+
+.globl irs31
+irs31:
+	cli 
+	push $0
+	push $31
+	jmp irs_common
+
+
+irs_common:
+	pusha 				# Pushes edi,esi,ebp,esp,ebx,edx,ecx,eax
+
+
+	mov %ds, %ax
+	push %eax
+
+	/* load the kernel data segment descriptor*/
+
+	mov $0x10, %ax
+	mov %ax, %ds
+	mov %ax, %es
+	mov %ax, %fs
+	mov %ax, %gs
+
+	call irs_handler
+
+	pop %eax
+
+	mov %ax, %ds
+	mov %ax, %es
+	mov %ax, %fs
+	mov %ax, %gs
+
+	popa
+	add  $8, %esp  # cleans push error and irs code
+	sti
+	iret # pops 5 things at once: CS, EIP, EFLAGS, SS, and ESP

src/kernel/kernel.cpp

@@ -1,91 +1,60 @@
 #include "kernel.h"
-#include "arch/i386/gdt/gdtc.h"
-extern "C" {
+#define GB4 524288
+#define GB2 262144
+extern "C" void kernel_main (void);
+extern "C" void putPixel(int pos_x, int pos_y, unsigned char VGA_COLOR , unsigned char addr , unsigned char pixelWidth, unsigned pitch );
 
-    void early_main(unsigned long magic, unsigned long addr){
+
+    extern "C" void early_main(unsigned long magic, unsigned long addr){
         /** initialize terminal interface */ 
-        kterm_init();
+       // kterm_init();
         
+        printf("Magic flag 0x%8x\n", magic);
+        printf("Magic must be 0x%8x\n", MULTIBOOT_BOOTLOADER_MAGIC);
         if (magic != MULTIBOOT_BOOTLOADER_MAGIC){
-            printf("Invalid magic number: 0x%x\n",  magic);
+            printf("Invalid magic number: 0x%8x\n",  magic);
             return;
         }
 
         CheckMBT(  (multiboot_info_t *) addr);
 
-
         multiboot_info_t* mbt = (multiboot_info_t*) addr;
 
-        // Map the kernel
-        //initPhysicalMemoryManager();
-
-        // AAAAAH memory map, Yes please!
         /* Are mmap_* valid? */
         if (CHECK_FLAG(mbt->flags, 6)){
-            multiboot_memory_map_t *mmap = (multiboot_memory_map_t*) mbt->mmap_addr;
-            uint32_t memorySizeInBytes = 0;
-            uint32_t reservedMemoryInBytes = 0;
+            PhysicalMemoryManager_initialise( mbt->mmap_addr,  GB2/* Seriously dangerous hardcoded memory value*/);
+            PhysicalMemoryManager_initialise_available_regions(mbt->mmap_addr, mbt->mmap_addr + mbt->mmap_length);
+            PhysicalMemoryManager_deinitialise_kernel();
+            extern uint8_t* kernel_begin;
+            extern uint8_t* kernel_end;
 
-
-            printf("mmap_addr = 0x%x, mmap_length = 0x%x\n",
-            (unsigned) mbt->mmap_addr, (unsigned) mbt->mmap_length);
-            
-            for (;  (unsigned long) mmap < mbt->mmap_addr + mbt->mmap_length;  mmap = (multiboot_memory_map_t *) ((unsigned long) mmap + mmap->size + sizeof(mmap->size))){
-                    if ( mmap->type == MULTIBOOT_MEMORY_AVAILABLE){
-                        memorySizeInBytes +=  mmap->len;   
-                    } else {
-                        reservedMemoryInBytes += mmap->len;
-                    }
-
-
-                    printf(
-                        "size = 0x%x, base_addr = 0x%x%08x, length = 0x%x%08x, type = 0x%x\n",
-                        (unsigned) mmap->size,
-                        (unsigned) (mmap->addr >> 32),
-                        (unsigned) (mmap->addr & 0xffffffff),
-                        (unsigned) (mmap->len >> 32),
-                        (unsigned) (mmap->len & 0xffffffff),
-                        (unsigned) mmap->type);
-                
-                }
-            uint32_t memorySizeInGiB = memorySizeInBytes / 1073741824; 
-            
-            printf("Available Memory: 0x%x bytes, 0x%x GiB\n",  memorySizeInBytes, memorySizeInGiB );
-            printf("Reserved Memory: 0x%x bytes\n",  reservedMemoryInBytes );
+            printf("Kernel MemoryMap:\n");
+            printf("kernel: 0x%x - 0x%x\n", &kernel_begin , &kernel_end);         
         }
-        
-       
 
-       //int cpu_model = get_model();
-       //int local_apic = check_apic();
-       //printf( "CPU Model: %x, Local APIC: %D\n", cpu_model, local_apic);
+        initGDT();
 
 
-     /* Setup Paging and memory Managment*/
-        //MMU  MemoryManagementUnit = MMU();
-        //MemoryManagementUnit.enable(); // Warning: Causes triple page fault
-        //printf("Pages available: %9d\n", pmm_available());
-
-        /* Draw diagonal blue line */
-        if (CHECK_FLAG (mbt->flags, 12)){
-            printf("Can draw!");
-        } 
-
-        //setupGdt();
+      kernel_main();
 
        
     }
 
-    void kernel_main (void) {
+    extern "C" void kernel_main (void) {
 
+        printf("call to init serial\n");
         init_serial();
 
-        while (false){
+
+        while (true){
             //Read time indefinetely 
             read_rtc();
             printf( "UTC time: %02d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d  [ Formatted as YY-MM-DD h:mm:ss]\r" ,year, month, day, hour, minute, second);
             delay(1000);
         }
+            
+
+        
        
     }   
-}
+

src/kernel/kernel.h

@@ -1,19 +1,24 @@
-#pragma once 
-extern "C" {
-    #include "arch/i386/tty/kterm.h"
+#pragma once
+extern "C"{
+   #include "../libc/include/string.h" 
 }
+#include "vga/VBE.h"
+#include "tty/kterm.h"
 
-#include "../libc/include/string.h"
 #include "./bootloader/multiboot.h"
 #include "bootcheck.h"
-#include "arch/i386/idt/idt.h"
+#include "memory/PhysicalMemoryManager.h"
+
+#include "gdt/gdtc.h"
+#include "idt/idt.h"
 
 #include "io.h"
 #include "time.h"
 #include "cpu.h"
-#include "arch/i386/vga/VBE.h"
-#define CHECK_FLAG(flags, bit) ((flags) & (1 <<(bit)))
+#include "serial.h"
 
+#define CHECK_FLAG(flags, bit) ((flags) & (1 <<(bit)))
+#define PANIC(message) {  return; }
 
 
 /* This needs to be moved! */
@@ -26,89 +31,3 @@ void delay(int t){
         for(j=0;j<25000;j++)
             asm("NOP");
 }
-
-class Test {
-    public:
-         Test();
-        void printMe();
-         ~Test();
-};
-
-Test::Test(){
-    kterm_writestring("Create a test object\n");
-};
-
-void Test::printMe(){
-    kterm_writestring("testObject.printMe()\n");
-}
-
-Test::~Test(){
-    kterm_writestring("Destroy testObject! Bye bye\n");
-}
-
-#define PORT 0x3f8 
-static int init_serial() {
-   outb(PORT + 1, 0x00);    // Disable all interrupts
-   outb(PORT + 3, 0x80);    // Enable DLAB (set baud rate divisor)
-   outb(PORT + 0, 0x03);    // Set divisor to 3 (lo byte) 38400 baud
-   outb(PORT + 1, 0x00);    //                  (hi byte)
-   outb(PORT + 3, 0x03);    // 8 bits, no parity, one stop bit
-   outb(PORT + 2, 0xC7);    // Enable FIFO, clear them, with 14-byte threshold
-   outb(PORT + 4, 0x0B);    // IRQs enabled, RTS/DSR set
-   outb(PORT + 4, 0x1E);    // Set in loopback mode, test the serial chip
-   outb(PORT + 0, 0xAE);    // Test serial chip (send byte 0xAE and check if serial returns same byte)
- 
-   // Check if serial is faulty (i.e: not same byte as sent)
-   if(inb(PORT + 0) != 0xAE) {
-      return 1;
-   }
- 
-   // If serial is not faulty set it in normal operation mode
-   // (not-loopback with IRQs enabled and OUT#1 and OUT#2 bits enabled)
-   outb(PORT + 4, 0x0F);
-   return 0;
-}
-
-int is_transmit_empty() {
-   return inb(PORT + 5) & 0x20;
-}
- 
-void write_serial(char a) {
-   while (is_transmit_empty() == 0);
- 
-   outb(PORT,a);
-}
-
-int serial_received() {
-   return inb(PORT + 5) & 1;
-}
- 
-char read_serial() {
-   while (serial_received() == 0);
- 
-   return inb(PORT);
-}
-
-void print_serial(const char* string ){
-    for(size_t i = 0; i < strlen(string); i ++){
-        write_serial(string[i]);
-    }
-}
-
-void test_serial(){
-        /** Serial test **/
-        kterm_writestring("Writing to COM1 serial port:");
-        init_serial();
-        write_serial('A');
-        write_serial('B');
-        write_serial('C');
-        write_serial('D');
-        write_serial('E');
-
-        char Character_received = read_serial();
-        kterm_writestring("\n");
-        kterm_writestring("received from COM 1: \n");
-        kterm_put(Character_received);
-
-        kterm_writestring("\n");
-}

src/kernel/kstructures/bitmap.h

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#pragma once 
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+
+inline void bitmap_set( uint32_t* map , int index )
+{
+    map[index/32] |= (1 << (index % 32));
+}
+
+inline void bitmap_unset(uint32_t* map , int index)
+{
+    map[index/32] &= ~(1 << (index % 32));
+}
+
+inline int bitmap_first_unset( uint32_t* map , int size)
+{
+    uint32_t rem_bits = size % 32;
+    for(uint32_t i = 0; i < size/32; i++)
+    {
+        if(map[i] != 0xFFFFFFFF){
+            for(int j = 0; j < 32; j++){
+                if(!(map[i] & (1<< j))){
+                    return (i*32) + j;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if(rem_bits){
+        for(uint32_t j = 0; j < rem_bits; j++){
+            if(!(map[size/32] & (1 << j ))){
+                return size + j; // Original author divided size by 32 and then multiplied it by 32 which is a net zero calculation ?!?
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return -1;
+    
+}

src/kernel/memory/PageDirectory.cpp

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 
 void PageDirectory::enable(){
-
+    // https://wiki.osdev.org/Setting_Up_Paging
     //set each entry to not present
     int i;
     for(i = 0; i < 1024; i++)

src/kernel/memory/PageFramAllocator.cpp

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-#include "PageFrameAllocator.h"

src/kernel/memory/PageFrameAllocator.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#include "PageFrameAllocator.h"
+
+
+MemoryInfo memInfo {};
+void mapMultibootMemoryMap( multiboot_info_t *mbt){
+    printf("mmap_addr = 0x%x, mmap_length = 0x%x\n",
+    (unsigned) mbt->mmap_addr, (unsigned) mbt->mmap_length);
+    multiboot_memory_map_t *mmap = (multiboot_memory_map_t*) mbt->mmap_addr;
+
+    for (;  (unsigned long) mmap < mbt->mmap_addr + mbt->mmap_length;  mmap = (multiboot_memory_map_t *) ((unsigned long) mmap + mmap->size + sizeof(mmap->size))){
+
+            if ( mmap->type == MULTIBOOT_MEMORY_AVAILABLE){
+                memInfo.memorySizeInBytes +=  mmap->len;   
+            } else {
+                memInfo.reservedMemoryInBytes += mmap->len;
+            }
+            
+            print_Multiboot_memory_Map(mmap);
+            
+        }
+    uint32_t memorySizeInGiB = memInfo.memorySizeInBytes / 1073741824; 
+
+    printf("Available Memory: 0x%x bytes, 0x%x GiB\n",  memInfo.memorySizeInBytes, memorySizeInGiB );
+    printf("Reserved Memory: 0x%x bytes\n",  memInfo.reservedMemoryInBytes );
+
+}
+
+void print_Multiboot_memory_Map(multiboot_memory_map_t* mmap){
+    printf(
+        "size = 0x%x, base_addr = 0x%x%08x, length = 0x%x%08x, type = 0x%x\n",
+        (unsigned) mmap->size,
+        (unsigned) (mmap->addr >> 32),
+        (unsigned) (mmap->addr & 0xffffffff),
+        (unsigned) (mmap->len >> 32),
+        (unsigned) (mmap->len & 0xffffffff),
+        (unsigned) mmap->type
+    );
+}

src/kernel/memory/PageFrameAllocator.h

@@ -1,8 +1,20 @@
 #pragma once
-#include <stdint.h>
+#include "../arch/i386/tty/kterm.h"
 
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include "../bootloader/multiboot.h"
+
+struct MemoryInfo{
+    uint32_t memorySizeInBytes = 0;
+    uint32_t reservedMemoryInBytes = 0;
+};
 
 
 extern void *kernel_begin;
 extern void *kernel_end;
 
+
+
+
+void print_Multiboot_memory_Map(multiboot_memory_map_t*);
+void mapMultibootMemoryMap(multiboot_info_t*);

src/kernel/memory/PhysicalMemoryManager.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+#include "PhysicalMemoryManager.h"
+
+size_t mem_size = 0;
+int used_blocks = 0;
+size_t max_blocks = 0;
+uint32_t* pmmap = 0;
+size_t pmmap_size = 0; 
+
+
+void PhysicalMemoryManager_initialise(uint32_t physicalmemorymap_address, size_t size )
+{
+    mem_size = size;
+    max_blocks = KB_TO_BLOCKS(mem_size);
+
+    used_blocks = max_blocks;
+
+    pmmap = (uint32_t*) physicalmemorymap_address;
+
+    if(max_blocks % BLOCKS_PER_WORD)
+        pmmap_size++;
+    
+    memset(pmmap, 0xFF, pmmap_size);
+}
+
+void PhysicalMemoryManager_region_initialise(uint32_t base, size_t size)
+{
+    size_t blocks = size /BLOCK_SIZE;
+    uint32_t align = base / BLOCK_SIZE;
+
+    for(size_t i = 0 ; i < blocks; i ++)
+    {
+        bitmap_unset(pmmap, align++);
+        used_blocks--;
+    }
+
+    bitmap_set(pmmap, 0);
+
+}
+
+void PhysicalMemoryManager_region_deinitialise(uint32_t base, size_t size )
+{
+    size_t blocks = size / BLOCK_SIZE;
+    uint32_t align = base / BLOCK_SIZE;
+
+    for(size_t i = 0 ; i < blocks; i++ )
+    {
+        bitmap_set(pmmap, align++);
+        used_blocks++;
+    }
+
+
+}
+
+void PhysicalMemoryManager_initialise_available_regions(uint32_t mmap_, uint32_t mmap_end_)
+{
+    multiboot_memory_map_t *mmap = (multiboot_memory_map_t*)mmap_;
+    multiboot_memory_map_t *mmap_end= (multiboot_memory_map_t*) mmap_end_;
+
+    for(int i = 0; mmap < mmap_end ; mmap++, i++)
+    {   
+        if(mmap->type == MULTIBOOT_MEMORY_AVAILABLE)
+        {
+            PhysicalMemoryManager_region_initialise((uint32_t) mmap->addr, (size_t) mmap->len);
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+
+void PhysicalMemoryManager_deinitialise_kernel()
+{
+    extern uint8_t kernel_begin;
+    extern uint8_t kernel_end;
+
+    size_t kernel_size = (size_t) &kernel_end - (size_t) &kernel_begin;
+
+    uint32_t pmmap_size_aligned = pmmap_size;
+    if(!IS_ALIGNED(pmmap_size_aligned, BLOCK_SIZE))
+    {
+        pmmap_size_aligned = ALIGN(pmmap_size_aligned, BLOCK_SIZE);
+    }
+    
+    PhysicalMemoryManager_region_deinitialise((uint32_t) &kernel_begin, kernel_size);
+    PhysicalMemoryManager_region_deinitialise((uint32_t) &kernel_end, pmmap_size_aligned);
+    
+}
+
+void* PhysicalMemoryManager_allocate_block()
+{
+    if(used_blocks - max_blocks <= 0)
+    {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    int p_index = bitmap_first_unset(pmmap, p_index );
+
+    if(p_index == -1){
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    bitmap_set(pmmap, p_index);
+    used_blocks++;
+
+    return (void*) (BLOCK_SIZE * p_index);
+}
+
+void PhysicalMemoryManager_free_block(void* p){
+    if(p==0){
+        return ;
+    }
+
+    uint32_t p_addr = (uint32_t) p;
+
+    int index  = p_addr / BLOCK_SIZE;
+    bitmap_unset(pmmap, index);
+
+    used_blocks--;
+
+}

src/kernel/memory/PhysicalMemoryManager.h

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "../bootloader/multiboot.h"
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include "../../libc/include/mem.h"
+#include "../kstructures/bitmap.h"
+
+
+#define BLOCK_SIZE 4092
+#define BLOCKS_PER_WORD 32
+
+#define KB_TO_BLOCKS(x) (((x) * 1024 ) / BLOCK_SIZE)
+#define IS_ALIGNED(addr, align) !((addr) & ~((align) - 1))
+#define ALIGN(addr, align) (((addr) & ~((align) - 1 )) + (align))
+
+
+extern void PhysicalMemoryManager_initialise(uint32_t, size_t);
+
+extern void PhysicalMemoryManager_region_initialise(uint32_t, size_t);
+extern void PhysicalMemoryManager_region_deinitialise(uint32_t,size_t);
+
+extern void PhysicalMemoryManager_initialise_available_regions(uint32_t, uint32_t);
+extern void PhysicalMemoryManager_deinitialise_kernel();
+
+extern void* PhysicalMemoryManager_allocate_block();
+extern void PhysicalMemoryManager_free_block(void* p);
+
+
+extern size_t mem_size;
+extern int used_blocks;
+extern size_t max_blocks;
+extern uint32_t* pmmap;
+extern size_t pmmap_size ; 

src/kernel/paging.s

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+.globl enablePaging
+enablePaging:
+	push %ebp
+	mov %esp, %ebp
+	mov %cr0, %eax
+	or $0x80000000, %eax
+	mov %eax, %cr0
+	mov %ebp, %esp
+	pop %ebp
+	ret
+
+.globl loadPageDirectory
+loadPageDirectory:
+	push %ebp
+	mov %esp, %ebp
+	mov 8(%esp), %eax
+	mov %eax, %cr3
+	mov %ebp, %esp
+	pop %ebp
+	ret

src/kernel/pic/pic.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #pragma once 
-#include "../../../io.h"
+#include "../io.h"
 
 #define PIC1		0x20		/* IO base address for master PIC */
 #define PIC2		0xA0		/* IO base address for slave PIC */

src/kernel/serial.h

@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "tty/kterm.h"
+#include "io.h"
+
+#define PORT 0x3f8 
+
+inline static int init_serial() {
+   outb(PORT + 1, 0x00);    // Disable all interrupts
+   outb(PORT + 3, 0x80);    // Enable DLAB (set baud rate divisor)
+   outb(PORT + 0, 0x03);    // Set divisor to 3 (lo byte) 38400 baud
+   outb(PORT + 1, 0x00);    //                  (hi byte)
+   outb(PORT + 3, 0x03);    // 8 bits, no parity, one stop bit
+   outb(PORT + 2, 0xC7);    // Enable FIFO, clear them, with 14-byte threshold
+   outb(PORT + 4, 0x0B);    // IRQs enabled, RTS/DSR set
+   outb(PORT + 4, 0x1E);    // Set in loopback mode, test the serial chip
+   outb(PORT + 0, 0xAE);    // Test serial chip (send byte 0xAE and check if serial returns same byte)
+ 
+   // Check if serial is faulty (i.e: not same byte as sent)
+   if(inb(PORT + 0) != 0xAE) {
+      return 1;
+   }
+ 
+   // If serial is not faulty set it in normal operation mode
+   // (not-loopback with IRQs enabled and OUT#1 and OUT#2 bits enabled)
+   outb(PORT + 4, 0x0F);
+   return 0;
+}
+
+inline int is_transmit_empty() {
+   return inb(PORT + 5) & 0x20;
+}
+ 
+inline void write_serial(char a) {
+   while (is_transmit_empty() == 0);
+ 
+   outb(PORT,a);
+}
+
+inline int serial_received() {
+   return inb(PORT + 5) & 1;
+}
+ 
+inline char read_serial() {
+   while (serial_received() == 0);
+ 
+   return inb(PORT);
+}
+
+inline void print_serial(const char* string ){
+    for(size_t i = 0; i < strlen(string); i ++){
+        write_serial(string[i]);
+    }
+}
+
+
+inline void printf_serial ( const char *format, ...) {
+   
+    char **arg = (char **)&format;
+    int c;
+    char buf[20];
+
+    arg++;
+    
+    while ((c = *format++) != 0){
+        if( c != '%')
+            write_serial(c);
+        else{
+            char *p, *p2;
+            int pad0 = 0, pad = 0;
+
+            c = *format++;
+            if(c =='0'){
+                pad0 = 1;
+                c = *format++;
+            }
+
+            if ( c >= '0' && c <= '9'){
+                pad = c - '0';
+                c = *format++;
+            }
+
+            switch (c)
+            {
+            case 'd':
+             
+            case 'u':
+            case 'x':
+                itoa(buf, c, *((int *) arg++));
+
+                p = buf;
+                goto string;
+                break;
+            
+            case 's':
+                p = *arg++;
+                if(!p)
+                    p = "(null)";
+                
+                string: 
+                    for (p2 = p; *p2; p2++);
+                    for (; p2 < p + pad; p2++)
+                        write_serial(pad0 ? '0': ' ');
+                    while (*p)
+                        write_serial(*p++);
+                    break;
+
+
+            default:
+                write_serial(*((int *)arg++));
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+inline void test_serial(){
+        /** Serial test **/
+        kterm_writestring("Writing to COM1 serial port:");
+        init_serial();
+        write_serial('A');
+        write_serial('B');
+        write_serial('C');
+        write_serial('D');
+        write_serial('E');
+
+        char Character_received = read_serial();
+        kterm_writestring("\n");
+        kterm_writestring("received from COM 1: \n");
+        kterm_put(Character_received);
+
+        kterm_writestring("\n");
+}

src/kernel/tty/kterm.cpp

@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ void kterm_writestring(const char* data ){
 }
 
 
-static void itoa (char *buf, int base, int d) {
+void itoa (char *buf, int base, int d) {
     char *p = buf;
     char *p1, *p2;
     unsigned long ud = d;
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ static void itoa (char *buf, int base, int d) {
 }
 
 void printf ( const char *format, ...) {
-    
+    return;
     char **arg = (char **)&format;
     int c;
     char buf[20];
@@ -202,10 +202,8 @@ void printf ( const char *format, ...) {
             switch (c)
             {
             case 'd':
-                kterm_writestring("Not implemented!!");
-                break;
+             
             case 'u':
-                break;
             case 'x':
                 itoa(buf, c, *((int *) arg++));
 

src/kernel/tty/kterm.h

@@ -5,10 +5,11 @@
 #include <stdbool.h>
 
 #include "../vga/colors.h"
-#include "../../../io.h"
+#include "../io.h"
 
-
-#include "./../../../../libc/include/string.h"
+extern "C"{
+    #include "./../../libc/include/string.h"
+}
 
 void kterm_init();
 
@@ -32,10 +33,9 @@ uint16_t get_cursor_position();
 int get_cursor_x (uint16_t cursor_pos);
 int get_cursor_y (uint16_t cursor_pos);
 
-
+extern "C"  void itoa (char *buf, int base, int d);
 void printf ( const char *format, ...);
 
-//static void itoa (char *buf, int base, int d);
 
 #define KernelTag "[Kernel]: "
 #define AS_KERNEL() (  kterm_setcolor(VGA_COLOR_LIGHT_BLUE),\

src/libc/include/mem.h

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+inline void* memset (void* ptr, int value, size_t num){
+    for( int i = 0; i < num; i++ )
+    {
+        int* data  = (int*)ptr+ i;
+        *data = value;
+    }
+    return ptr;
+}