Added some fun GUI primitives

Makefile

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ CC = ${HOME}/opt/cross/bin/i686-elf-gcc
 CPP = ${HOME}/opt/cross/bin/i686-elf-g++ 
 CFLAGS =  -ffreestanding -O2 -Wall -Wextra
 
-OFILES =	$(BUILD_DIR)/boot.o $(BUILD_DIR)/kterm.o $(BUILD_DIR)/kernel.o  $(BUILD_DIR)/PhysicalMemoryManager.o $(BUILD_DIR)/io.o $(BUILD_DIR)/PageDirectory.o $(BUILD_DIR)/gdtc.o $(BUILD_DIR)/idt.o $(BUILD_DIR)/pic.o $(BUILD_DIR)/string.o
+OFILES =  $(BUILD_DIR)/boot.o $(BUILD_DIR)/window.o $(BUILD_DIR)/cursor.o $(BUILD_DIR)/kterm.o $(BUILD_DIR)/kernel.o  $(BUILD_DIR)/PhysicalMemoryManager.o $(BUILD_DIR)/io.o  $(BUILD_DIR)/vesa.o $(BUILD_DIR)/PageDirectory.o $(BUILD_DIR)/gdtc.o $(BUILD_DIR)/idt.o $(BUILD_DIR)/pic.o $(BUILD_DIR)/string.o
 
 SRC_DIR = src
 BUILD_DIR = build
@@ -19,31 +19,29 @@ OBJ_LINK_LIST = $(CRTI_OBJ) $(CRTBEGIN_OBJ) $(OFILES) $(CRTEND_OBJ) $(CRTN_OBJ)
 INTERNAL_OBJS = $(CRTI_OBJ) $(OFILES) $(CRTN_OBJ)
 
 
-all: clean build clean_up
+all: clean build 
 
-build: build_kernel 
+build: build_kernel iso
 
 
 
 clean_iso: 
-	if [[ -a isodir/* ]] ; then rm isodir/* -d ; fi
-	if [ -f barinkOS.iso ] ; then rm barinkOS.iso ; fi
+	if [[ -a isodir/boot ]] ; then rm root/boot -rd ; fi
+	if [ -f build/barinkOS.iso ] ; then rm build/barinkOS.iso ; fi
 	
-iso: clean_iso build
-	mkdir -p isodir/boot/grub
-	cp build/myos.bin isodir/boot/myos.bin
-	cp src/grub.cfg isodir/boot/grub/grub.cfg
-	grub-mkrescue -o barinkOS.iso isodir
+iso: clean_iso clean build
+	mkdir -p root/boot/grub
+	cp build/myos.bin root/boot/myos.bin
+	cp src/grub.cfg root/boot/grub/grub.cfg
+	grub-mkrescue -o build/barinkOS.iso root
 	
-clean_up:
-	rm build/*.o
-
 test:
-	$(EMULATOR)  -kernel $(BUILD_DIR)/myos.bin -serial file:CON -vga std -monitor stdio -display gtk -m 2G -cpu core2duo 
+	$(EMULATOR)  -kernel $(BUILD_DIR)/myos.bin -serial mon:stdio -vga std  -display gtk -m 2G -cpu core2duo # -monitor stdio
+test_iso:
+	$(EMULATOR) -cdrom build/barinkOS.iso -serial mon:stdio -vga std -display gtk -m 2G -cpu core2duo
 
 build_kernel: $(OBJ_LINK_LIST)
-	
-	$(CC) -T $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/arch/i386/linker.ld -o $(BUILD_DIR)/myos.bin \
+	$(CC) -T $(SRC_DIR)/kernel//linker.ld -o $(BUILD_DIR)/myos.bin \
 	 -ffreestanding -O2 -nostdlib $(OBJ_LINK_LIST) -lgcc
 
 build_x86_64: 
@@ -54,19 +52,19 @@ clean:
 	rm -f $(BUILD_DIR)/myos.bin $(INTERNAL_OBJS)
 
 $(BUILD_DIR)/kernel.o:
-	$(CPP) -c $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/kernel.cpp -o $(BUILD_DIR)/kernel.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
+	$(CPP) -c $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/kernel.cpp -o $(BUILD_DIR)/kernel.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti -fpermissive
 
 $(BUILD_DIR)/kterm.o:
-	$(CPP) -c $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/arch/i386/tty/kterm.cpp  -o $(BUILD_DIR)/kterm.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
+	$(CPP) -c $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/tty/kterm.cpp  -o $(BUILD_DIR)/kterm.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
 
 $(BUILD_DIR)/boot.o:
-	$(AS) $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/arch/i386/boot.S -o $(BUILD_DIR)/boot.o
+	$(AS) $(SRC_DIR)/kernel//boot.S -o $(BUILD_DIR)/boot.o
 
 $(BUILD_DIR)/crti.o:
-	$(AS) $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/arch/i386/crti.s -o $(BUILD_DIR)/crti.o
+	$(AS) $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/crti.s -o $(BUILD_DIR)/crti.o
 
 $(BUILD_DIR)/crtn.o:
-	$(AS) $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/arch/i386/crtn.s -o $(BUILD_DIR)/crtn.o
+	$(AS) $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/crtn.s -o $(BUILD_DIR)/crtn.o
 
 $(BUILD_DIR)/io.o:
 		$(CPP) -c $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/io.cpp  -o $(BUILD_DIR)/io.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
@@ -75,17 +73,26 @@ $(BUILD_DIR)/PageDirectory.o:
 	$(CPP) -c $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/memory/PageDirectory.cpp -o $(BUILD_DIR)/PageDirectory.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti 
 
 $(BUILD_DIR)/idt.o:
-	$(CPP) -c $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/arch/i386/idt/idt.cpp -o $(BUILD_DIR)/idt.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
+	$(CPP) -c $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/idt/idt.cpp -o $(BUILD_DIR)/idt.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
 
 $(BUILD_DIR)/gdtc.o:
-	$(CPP) -c $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/arch/i386/gdt/gdtc.cpp -o $(BUILD_DIR)/gdtc.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
+	$(CPP) -c $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/gdt/gdtc.cpp -o $(BUILD_DIR)/gdtc.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
 
 
 $(BUILD_DIR)/pic.o:
-	$(CPP) -c $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/arch/i386/pic/pic.cpp -o $(BUILD_DIR)/pic.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
+	$(CPP) -c $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/pic/pic.cpp -o $(BUILD_DIR)/pic.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
 
 $(BUILD_DIR)/string.o:
 	$(CC) -c $(SRC_DIR)/libc/include/string.c  -o $(BUILD_DIR)/string.o $(CFLAGS) -std=gnu99
 
 $(BUILD_DIR)/PhysicalMemoryManager.o:
 	$(CPP) -c $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/memory/PhysicalMemoryManager.cpp  -o $(BUILD_DIR)/PhysicalMemoryManager.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
+
+$(BUILD_DIR)/vesa.o:
+	$(CPP) -c $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/drivers/vesa/vesa.cpp  -o $(BUILD_DIR)/vesa.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
+
+$(BUILD_DIR)/window.o:
+	$(CPP) -c $(SRC_DIR)/gui/window.cpp  -o $(BUILD_DIR)/window.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
+
+$(BUILD_DIR)/cursor.o:
+	$(CPP) -c $(SRC_DIR)/gui/cursor.cpp  -o $(BUILD_DIR)/cursor.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti

README.md

@@ -6,6 +6,9 @@
 
 ________________________
 ### Screenshot(s)
+![Graphics mode](screenshots/BarinkOS_VBE_GRAPHICS.png) \
+It may not look like much but I am proud of it! We are in graphics mode.
+
 ![Scrolling the terminal](screenshots/Screenshot1.png)   \
 The first scrolling boot screen. 😲
 
@@ -28,8 +31,8 @@ screen. The terminal/screen has scrolling so the latest messages are visible on
 
 ________________________
 ### Planning
-[See TODO](TODO.md) 
-
+[See TODO](todo.md) \
+[See Features](features.md)
 ________________________
 ### Docs
 [Intro](docs/Intro.md) \

features.md

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 <input type="checkbox" /> Detect CPU speed \
 <input type="checkbox" checked/> Interrupt / exception system (API) \
 
-<input type="checkbox" /> Plan your memory map (virtual, and physical) : decide where you want the data to be. \
+<input type="checkbox" checked/> Plan your memory map (virtual, and physical) : decide where you want the data to be. \
 <input type="checkbox" /> The heap: allocating memory at runtime (malloc and free) is almost impossible to go without. \
 <input type="checkbox" /> Enable SIMD Extensions (SSE)
 
@@ -23,13 +23,13 @@
 <input type="checkbox" /> ACPI support ( Or some other basic way to support shutdown, reboot and possibly hibernation ) \
 <input type="checkbox" /> ATAPI support \
 <input type="checkbox" /> Keyboard support ( P/S2 Keyboard) \
-<input type="checkbox" /> Memory Management (MMU)\ 
-<input type="checkbox" /> Preemptive multi tasking 
-<input type="checkbox" /> Processes 
+<input type="checkbox" checked/> Memory Management (MMU)   
+<input type="checkbox" /> Preemptive multi tasking \
+<input type="checkbox" /> Processes  \
 <input type="checkbox" /> Threads  
 <input type="checkbox" /> Scheduling (SRV2 Unix OR Priority Based Round Robin) \
-<input type="checkbox" /> System V ABI compliance (partially)
-<input type="checkbox" /> POSIX compliance (partially)
+<input type="checkbox" /> System V ABI compliance (partially) \
+<input type="checkbox" /> POSIX compliance (partially) \
 <input type="checkbox" /> RPC - for interprocess communication \
 <input type="checkbox" /> Sync primitives  - Semaphores, Mutexes, spinlocks et al. \
 <input type="checkbox" /> Basic Terminal \
@@ -37,4 +37,4 @@
 <input type="checkbox" /> Basic Window server/client \
 ## Support for more filesystems if I like the challenge in writing these ...
 <input type="checkbox" /> FAT Filesystem \
-<input type="checkbox" /> EXT2 Filesystem \
+<input type="checkbox" /> EXT2 Filesystem 

src/gui/Graphics.h

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#pragma once
+
+class Graphics {
+
+};

src/gui/Widget.h

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#pragma once
+
+
+class Widget{
+    virtual void draw();
+
+};

src/gui/cursor.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#include "cursor.h"
+
+    void Cursor::draw(){
+        for(int i = 0; i <  this->width; i++){
+            for(int j = 0; j <  this->height; j++){
+                if(this->bitmap[j * this->width + i] == 1 ){
+                        putPixel(i + this->x,j + this->y, 0xFF000000);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    Cursor::Cursor(int x, int y){
+        this->x = x;
+        this->y = y;
+    }

src/gui/cursor.h

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#pragma once 
+#include "../kernel/drivers/vesa/vesa.h"
+
+
+class Cursor{
+    public:
+    void draw();
+    Cursor(int x, int y);
+
+
+
+    private:
+        int x;
+        int y;
+        const int width= 16;
+        const int height= 10;
+        const int bitmap [160] = {
+            0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
+
+            0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,
+
+            0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,
+
+            0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,
+
+            0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,
+
+            0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,
+
+            0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,
+
+            0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,
+
+            0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,
+
+            0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
+        };
+};

src/gui/window.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#include "window.h"
+
+int Window::getWidth(){
+    return this->rect.width;
+}
+
+int Window::getHeight(){
+    return this->rect.height;
+}
+
+void Window::setWidth(int& width){
+    this->rect.width = width;
+}
+void Window::setHeight(int& height){
+    this->rect.height = height;
+}
+
+int Window::getX(){
+    return this->rect.x;
+}
+
+int Window::getY(){
+    return this->rect.y;
+}
+
+Window::Window (Rect& rect , uint32_t colour){
+    this->rect = rect;
+    this->Background_colour = colour;
+}
+
+void Window::draw(){
+    drawRect(this->getX() , this->getY() , this->getWidth() , this->getHeight() ,this->Background_colour );
+}

src/gui/window.h

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "../kernel/drivers/vesa/vesa.h"
+#include "Widget.h"
+
+struct Rect {
+    int width;
+    int height;
+    int x;
+    int y;
+
+};
+
+
+
+class Window : Widget{
+
+public:
+    int getX();
+    int getY();
+
+    int getWidth();
+    int getHeight();
+    void setWidth(int&);
+    void setHeight(int&);
+
+    Window (Rect& rect , uint32_t colour);
+    void draw();
+
+
+private:
+    Rect rect;
+    uint32_t Background_colour;
+
+
+
+
+};

src/kernel/arch/i386/gdt/gdt.s

@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-/* Tell processor to use our gdt*/
-gdt: 
-    .word (gdt_end - gdt_start -1) # Size of the GDT in bytes minus 1 for math reasons
-    .int gdt_start # linear address of our GDT
-
-	
-.att_syntax
-
-
-.size _start, . - _start
-
-
-/*
-* Create the GDT
-*/
-.section .data
-gdt_start:
-gdt_null:
-.long 0x0
-.long 0x0
-
-gdt_kcode:
-.word 0xFFFF             # limit
-.word 0x0                # base
-.byte 0x0                # base
-.byte 0b10011010         # 1st flags | type flags
-.byte 0b11001111         # 2nd flags | limit
-.byte 0x0                # base
-
-gdt_kdata:
-.word 0xFFFF             # limit
-.word 0x0                # base
-.byte 0x0                # base
-.byte 0b10010010         # 1st flags | type flags
-.byte 0b11001111         # 2nd flags | limit
-.byte 0x0                # base
-gdt_end:

src/kernel/arch/i386/gdt/gdtc.cpp

@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-#include "gdtc.h"
-#include "../tty/kterm.h"
- 
-gdtEntry_t gdt[3];
-gdtSegmentPointer gdtPointer{};
-
-
-
-void gdtSetGate(int num, uint64_t base, uint64_t limit, uint8_t access,
-   uint8_t gran){
-   gdt[num].lBase      = (base & 0xFFFF);
-   gdt[num].mBase      = (base >> 16) & 0xFF;
-   gdt[num].hBase      = (base >> 24) & 0xFF;
-
-   gdt[num].lLimit      = (limit & 0xFFFF);
-   gdt[num].granularity   = ((limit >> 16) & 0x0F);
-
-   gdt[num].granularity   |= (gran & 0xF0);
-   gdt[num].access      = access;
-}
-
-void setupGdt(){
-   gdtPointer.limit   = (sizeof(gdtEntry_t) * 3) - 1;
-   gdtPointer.base    = (uint32_t) &gdt;
-
-   gdtSetGate(0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
-   gdtSetGate(1, 0, 0xFFFFFFFF, 0x9A, 0xCF);
-   gdtSetGate(2, 0, 0xFFFFFFFF, 0x92, 0xCF);
-   printf("call to load gdt\n");
-   load_gdt();
-}

src/kernel/arch/i386/gdt/gdtc.h

@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-#include <stdint.h>
-extern "C"{
-
-typedef struct {
-   uint16_t           lLimit;
-   uint16_t           lBase;
-   uint8_t            mBase;
-   uint8_t            access;
-   uint8_t            granularity;
-   uint8_t            hBase;
-} gdtEntry_t;
-
-struct gdtSegmentPointer {
-   uint16_t limit;
-   uint32_t base;
-};
-
-extern gdtSegmentPointer gdtPointer;
-
-extern void load_gdt();
-void setupGdt();
-}

src/kernel/boot.S

@@ -1,18 +1,27 @@
 /*
  * Multiboot 
  */
-.set ALIGN,    1<<0             /* align loaded modules on page boundaries */
-.set MEMINFO,  1<<1             /* provide memory map */
-.set FLAGS,    ALIGN | MEMINFO  /* this is the Multiboot 'flag' field */
-.set MAGIC,    0x1BADB002       /* 'magic number' lets bootloader find the header */
-.set CHECKSUM, -(MAGIC + FLAGS) /* checksum of above, to prove we are multiboot */
+.set ALIGN,    1<<0             		/* align loaded modules on page boundaries */
+.set MEMINFO,  1<<1             		/* provide memory map */
+.set VIDEO,	   1<<2						/* provide video mode */
+.set FLAGS,    ALIGN | MEMINFO | VIDEO  /* this is the Multiboot 'flag' field */
+.set MAGIC,    0x1BADB002       		/* 'magic number' lets bootloader find the header */
+.set CHECKSUM, -(MAGIC + FLAGS) 		/* checksum of above, to prove we are multiboot */
 
 .section .multiboot
 .align 4
 .long MAGIC
 .long FLAGS
 .long CHECKSUM
- 
+.long 0 # unused
+.long 0 # .
+.long 0 # .
+.long 0 # .
+.long 0 # unused
+.long 0 # set graphics mode
+.long 800 # screen witdh
+.long 600 # screen height
+.long 32 # bpp
 
 .section .bss
 .align 16
@@ -21,10 +30,10 @@ stack_bottom:
 stack_top:
  
 .section .text
-.include "./src/kernel/arch/i386/irs_table.s"
-.include "./src/kernel/arch/i386/irq_table.s"
-.include "./src/kernel/arch/i386/idt/idt.s"
-.include "./src/kernel/arch/i386/paging.s"
+.include "./src/kernel/irs_table.s"
+.include "./src/kernel/irq_table.s"
+.include "./src/kernel/idt/idt.s"
+.include "./src/kernel/paging.s"
 
 
 .global _start
@@ -46,23 +55,12 @@ _start:
 	
 	call early_main
 	cli
-	.global load_gdt
-	load_gdt:
-		lgdt gdt
+	
+	
 
-		# set the segment selecters
+.include "./src/kernel/gdt/gdt.s"
 
-		movw $0x10, %ax 
-		movw %ax, %ds
-		movw %ax, %es
-		movw %ax, %fs
-		movw %ax, %gs
-		movw %ax, %ss
-		ljmp $0x08, $flush 
-		
-		flush:
-        
-		
+	loadIDT:
 		#load idt
 		call init_idt
         sti
@@ -84,6 +82,6 @@ _start:
 		cli
 	1:	hlt
 		jmp 1b
-	
 
-.include "./src/kernel/arch/i386/gdt/gdt.s"
+
+.size _start, . - _start

src/kernel/bootcheck.h

@@ -1,76 +1,108 @@
 #pragma once 
 #include "bootloader/multiboot.h"
 #define CHECK_FLAG(flags, bit) ((flags) & (1 <<(bit)))
-
-#include "arch/i386/tty/kterm.h"
-
-
+#include "../gui/window.h"
+#include "../gui/cursor.h"
+#include "tty/kterm.h"
+#include "drivers/vesa/vesa.h"
 
 void CheckMBT ( multiboot_info_t*  mbt  ){
-      /* Set MBI to the addresss of the multiboot information structure*/
-        multiboot_info_t * mbi = (multiboot_info_t *) mbt;
+  /* Set MBI to the addresss of the multiboot information structure*/
+  multiboot_info_t * mbi = (multiboot_info_t *) mbt;
 
-        /* Print out the flags */
-        printf("flags = 0x%x\n", (unsigned) mbi->flags);
+  /* Print out the flags */
+  printf("flags = 0x%8x\n", (unsigned) mbi->flags);
 
-        /* Are mem_* valid? */
-        if ( CHECK_FLAG(mbi->flags,0)){
-            printf("mem_lower = %uKB, mem_upper = %uKB\n");
-        }
+  /* Are mem_* valid? */
+  if ( CHECK_FLAG(mbi->flags,0)){
+      printf("mem_lower = %uKB, mem_upper = %uKB\n");
+  }
 
-        /* is boot device valid ? */
-        if (CHECK_FLAG (mbi->flags, 1)){
-            printf("boot_device = 0x0%x\n", (unsigned) mbi->boot_device);
-        }
+  /* is boot device valid ? */
+  if (CHECK_FLAG (mbi->flags, 1)){
+      printf("boot_device = 0x0%x\n", (unsigned) mbi->boot_device);
+  }
 
-        /* is the command line passed? */
-        if (CHECK_FLAG ( mbi->flags,2)){
-            printf("cmdline = %s\n", (char *) mbi->cmdline);
-        }
+  /* is the command line passed? */
+  if (CHECK_FLAG ( mbi->flags,2)){
+      printf("cmdline = %s\n", (char *) mbi->cmdline);
+  }
 
-        /* Are mods_* valid? */
-        if(CHECK_FLAG ( mbi->flags, 3)){
-            multiboot_module_t *mod;
-            uint32_t i;
+  /* Are mods_* valid? */
+  if(CHECK_FLAG ( mbi->flags, 3)){
+      multiboot_module_t *mod;
+      uint32_t i;
 
-            printf("mods count = %d, mods_addr = 0x%x\n", (int) mbi->mods_count, (int) mbi->mods_addr);
+      printf("mods count = %d, mods_addr = 0x%x\n", (int) mbi->mods_count, (int) mbi->mods_addr);
 
-            for(i = 0, mod = (multiboot_module_t *) mbi->mods_addr; i < mbi->mods_count; i++ , mod++){
-                printf(" mod start = 0x%x, mod_end = 0x%x, cmdline = %s\n", (unsigned) mod->mod_start, (unsigned) mod->mod_end, (char*) mod->cmdline);
-            }
-        }
+      for(i = 0, mod = (multiboot_module_t *) mbi->mods_addr; i < mbi->mods_count; i++ , mod++){
+          printf(" mod start = 0x%x, mod_end = 0x%x, cmdline = %s\n", (unsigned) mod->mod_start, (unsigned) mod->mod_end, (char*) mod->cmdline);
+      }
+  }
 
-        /* Bits 4 and 5 are mutually exclusive! */
-        if (CHECK_FLAG (mbi->flags, 4) && CHECK_FLAG(mbi->flags, 5)){
-            printf("Both bits 4 and 5 are set.\n");
-            return;
-        }
+  /* Bits 4 and 5 are mutually exclusive! */
+  if (CHECK_FLAG (mbi->flags, 4) && CHECK_FLAG(mbi->flags, 5)){
+      printf("Both bits 4 and 5 are set.\n");
+      return;
+  }
 
-        /* Is the symbol table of a.out valid? */
-        if (CHECK_FLAG(mbi->flags, 4)){
-            multiboot_aout_symbol_table_t *multiboot_aout_sym = &(mbi->u.aout_sym);
+  /* Is the symbol table of a.out valid? */
+  if (CHECK_FLAG(mbi->flags, 4)){
+      multiboot_aout_symbol_table_t *multiboot_aout_sym = &(mbi->u.aout_sym);
 
-            printf( "multiboot_aout_symbol_table: tabsize = 0x%0x, strsize = 0x%x, addr = 0x%x\n", 
-            (unsigned) multiboot_aout_sym->tabsize,
-            (unsigned) multiboot_aout_sym->strsize,
-            (unsigned) multiboot_aout_sym->addr);
+      printf( "multiboot_aout_symbol_table: tabsize = 0x%0x, strsize = 0x%x, addr = 0x%x\n", 
+      (unsigned) multiboot_aout_sym->tabsize,
+      (unsigned) multiboot_aout_sym->strsize,
+      (unsigned) multiboot_aout_sym->addr);
 
-        }
+  }
 
-        /* Is the section header table of ELF valid? */
-        if (CHECK_FLAG(mbi->flags, 5)){
-            multiboot_elf_section_header_table_t *multiboot_elf_sec = &(mbi->u.elf_sec);
+  /* Is the section header table of ELF valid? */
+  if (CHECK_FLAG(mbi->flags, 5)){
+      multiboot_elf_section_header_table_t *multiboot_elf_sec = &(mbi->u.elf_sec);
 
-            printf("multiboot_elf_sec: num = %u, size = 0x%x, addr = 0x%x, shnd = 0x%x\n",
-            (unsigned) multiboot_elf_sec->num, (unsigned) multiboot_elf_sec->size,
-            (unsigned) multiboot_elf_sec->addr, (unsigned)  multiboot_elf_sec->shndx);
-            
-        }
+      printf("multiboot_elf_sec: num = %u, size = 0x%x, addr = 0x%x, shnd = 0x%x\n",
+      (unsigned) multiboot_elf_sec->num, (unsigned) multiboot_elf_sec->size,
+      (unsigned) multiboot_elf_sec->addr, (unsigned)  multiboot_elf_sec->shndx);
+      
+  }
 
-        /* Draw diagonal blue line */
-        if (CHECK_FLAG (mbt->flags, 12)){
-            printf("Can draw!");
-        } 
+  /* Draw diagonal blue line */
+  if (CHECK_FLAG (mbt->flags, 11)){
+    printf("Can draw!");
 
 
+
+    // Init vesa driver
+    initVBEDevice(mbt); 
+
+    // Fill screen with blue
+                                                // colours AARRGGBB
+    drawRect(0, 0 , VbeModeInfo->width,VbeModeInfo->height, 0xFF0000FF);
+
+    // Create two windows
+    Rect rect_window1 {};
+    Rect rect_window2 {};
+    rect_window1.height =200;
+    rect_window1.width = 300;
+    rect_window1.x = 50;
+    rect_window1.y = 50;
+
+    rect_window2.height =200;
+    rect_window2.width = 300;
+    rect_window2.x = 300;
+    rect_window2.y = 200;
+
+    Window window_1 ( rect_window1, 0xFF00F0FF);
+    Window window_2 (rect_window2, 0xFFAACCDD);
+
+    window_1.draw();
+    window_2.draw();
+
+    Cursor cursor (70,100);
+
+    cursor.draw();
+
+
+  }
 }

src/kernel/drivers/vesa/vesa.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+#include "vesa.h"
+VbeInfoBlock* vbeInfo;
+vbe_mode_info_structure* VbeModeInfo;
+
+void initVBEDevice(multiboot_info_t* mbt){
+    print_serial("initVBEDevice");
+
+    vbeInfo = (VbeInfoBlock*) mbt->vbe_control_info;
+    printf_serial("Signature: %s, V0x%x\n", vbeInfo->VbeSignature, vbeInfo->VbeVersion);
+
+    VbeModeInfo = (vbe_mode_info_structure*) mbt->vbe_mode_info;
+
+    printf_serial("VESA video mode info: Width: %d Height: %d BPP: %d\n", VbeModeInfo->width, VbeModeInfo->height , VbeModeInfo->bpp);
+    printf_serial("VideoMemory Location: 0x%x \n", VbeModeInfo->framebuffer );
+}
+
+void putPixel( int x, int y , uint32_t colour){
+   // printf_serial("putPixel x: %d, y: %d\n", x, y);
+                    ///fb + mbt->framebuffer_pitch * y + 4 * x ,NOTE: this calculation is very important 
+    *(uint32_t*) (  VbeModeInfo->framebuffer + VbeModeInfo->pitch * y + 4  * x ) = colour;
+}
+void drawLine(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, uint32_t colour ){
+    print_serial("drawline\n");
+    // See Bresenham's line algorithm
+    int deltaX = x2 - x1;
+    int deltaY = y2 - y1;
+    int D = 2 * deltaY - deltaX;
+    int y = y1;
+
+    for ( int x = x1; x < x2; x++){
+      putPixel(x,y, colour);
+      if( D > 0){
+        y +=1;
+        D = D - 2 * deltaX;
+      }
+      D = D + 2 * deltaY;
+    }
+
+
+
+}
+void drawRect ( int x, int y, int width, int height, uint32_t colour ){
+    print_serial("drawRect\n");
+    for ( int i = x; i < x + width; i ++)
+    {
+      for(int j = y; j < y + height; j++){
+        
+        putPixel(i,j, colour);
+      }
+    }
+
+}
+
+
+void blueDiagnalLineTest(multiboot_info_t* mbt){
+    multiboot_uint32_t color;
+    unsigned i;
+    void *fb = (void *) (unsigned long) mbt->framebuffer_addr;
+
+     switch (mbt->framebuffer_type)
+        {
+        case MULTIBOOT_FRAMEBUFFER_TYPE_INDEXED:
+          {
+            unsigned best_distance, distance;
+            struct multiboot_color *palette;
+            
+            palette = (struct multiboot_color *) mbt->framebuffer_palette_addr;
+
+            color = 0;
+            best_distance = 4*256*256;
+            
+            for (i = 0; i < mbt->framebuffer_palette_num_colors; i++)
+              {
+                distance = (0xff - palette[i].blue) * (0xff - palette[i].blue)
+                  + palette[i].red * palette[i].red
+                  + palette[i].green * palette[i].green;
+                if (distance < best_distance)
+                  {
+                    color = i;
+                    best_distance = distance;
+                  }
+              }
+          }
+          break;
+
+        case MULTIBOOT_FRAMEBUFFER_TYPE_RGB:
+          color = ((1 << mbt->framebuffer_blue_mask_size) - 1) 
+            << mbt->framebuffer_blue_field_position;
+          break;
+
+        case MULTIBOOT_FRAMEBUFFER_TYPE_EGA_TEXT:
+          color = '\\' | 0x0100;
+          break;
+
+        default:
+          color = 0xffffffff;
+          break;
+        }
+      for (i = 0; i < mbt->framebuffer_width
+             && i < mbt->framebuffer_height; i++)
+        {
+          switch (mbt->framebuffer_bpp)
+            {
+            case 8:
+              {
+                multiboot_uint8_t *pixel = (multiboot_uint8_t*)fb + mbt->framebuffer_pitch * i + i;
+                *pixel = color;
+              }
+              break;
+            case 15:
+            case 16:
+              {
+                multiboot_uint16_t *pixel
+                  = (multiboot_uint16_t*)fb + mbt->framebuffer_pitch * i + 2 * i;
+                *pixel = color;
+              }
+              break;
+            case 24:
+              {
+                multiboot_uint32_t *pixel
+                  = (multiboot_uint32_t*)fb + mbt->framebuffer_pitch * i + 3 * i;
+                *pixel = (color & 0xffffff) | (*pixel & 0xff000000);
+              }
+              break;
+
+            case 32:
+              {
+                multiboot_uint32_t *pixel
+                  = (multiboot_uint32_t*)fb + mbt->framebuffer_pitch * i + 4 * i;
+                *pixel = color;
+              }
+              break;
+            }
+        }
+}
+

src/kernel/drivers/vesa/vesa.h

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+#pragma once 
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include "../../bootloader/multiboot.h"
+#include "../../serial.h"
+
+struct vbe_mode_info_structure{
+        uint16_t attributes;
+        uint8_t window_a;
+        uint8_t window_b;
+        uint16_t granularity;
+        uint16_t window_size;
+        uint16_t segment_a;
+        uint16_t segment_b;
+        uint32_t win_func_ptr;
+        uint16_t pitch;
+        uint16_t width;
+        uint16_t height;
+        uint8_t w_char;
+        uint8_t y_char;
+        uint8_t planes;
+        uint8_t bpp;
+        uint8_t banks;
+        uint8_t memory_model;
+        uint8_t bank_size;
+        uint8_t image_pages;
+        uint8_t reserved0;
+
+        uint8_t red_mask;
+        uint8_t red_position;
+        uint8_t green_mask;
+        uint8_t green_position;
+        uint8_t blue_mask;
+        uint8_t blue_position;
+        uint8_t reserved_mask;
+        uint8_t reserved_position;
+        uint8_t direct_color_attributes;
+
+        uint32_t framebuffer;
+        uint32_t off_screen_mem_off;
+        uint16_t off_screen_mem_size;
+        uint8_t reserved1[206];
+      }__attribute__((packed));
+
+struct VbeInfoBlock {
+        char VbeSignature[4];
+        uint16_t VbeVersion;
+        uint16_t OemStringPtr;
+        uint8_t Capabilities;
+        uint16_t VideoModePtr;
+        uint16_t TotalMemory;
+      }__attribute__((packed));
+
+extern VbeInfoBlock* vbeInfo;
+extern vbe_mode_info_structure* VbeModeInfo;
+
+
+
+void initVBEDevice(multiboot_info_t* mbt);
+
+void blueDiagnalLineTest(multiboot_info_t* mbt);
+
+
+// Primitive drawing functions  
+void putPixel( int x, int y , uint32_t colour);
+void drawLine(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, uint32_t colour );
+void drawRect ( int x, int y, int width, int height, uint32_t colour );

src/kernel/gdt/gdt.s

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+.global LoadGlobalDescriptorTable
+
+	LoadGlobalDescriptorTable:
+		lgdt gdtDescriptor
+
+		movw $16, %ax 
+		movw %ax, %ds
+		movw %ax, %es
+		movw %ax, %fs
+		movw %ax, %gs
+		movw %ax, %ss
+		
+		jmp $8,$flush 
+
+		flush: 
+		ret
+		
+	
+

src/kernel/gdt/gdtc.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+#include "gdtc.h"
+#include "../tty/kterm.h"
+
+#define NULL_SEGMENT          0
+#define KERNEL_CODE_SEGMENT   1
+#define KERNEL_DATA_SEGMENT   2
+#define USER_CODE_SEGMENT     3
+#define USER_DATA_SEGMENT     4
+
+SegmentDescriptor GlobalDescriptorTable[5];
+GlobalDescriptorTableDescriptor gdtDescriptor;
+
+void add_descriptor(int which , unsigned long base, unsigned long limit, unsigned char access, unsigned char granularity ){
+   GlobalDescriptorTable[which].base_low = (base & 0xFFFF );
+   GlobalDescriptorTable[which].base_middle = (base >> 6) & 0xFF;
+   GlobalDescriptorTable[which].base_high = (base >> 24) & 0xFF;
+   
+   GlobalDescriptorTable[which].limit_low = (limit & 0xFFFF);
+   GlobalDescriptorTable[which].granularity = ((limit >> 16) & 0x0F);
+
+   GlobalDescriptorTable[which].granularity |= (granularity & 0xF0);
+   GlobalDescriptorTable[which].access = access;
+
+
+}
+
+
+
+
+void initGDT(){
+
+      // NULL segment
+      add_descriptor(NULL_SEGMENT, 0,0,0,0);
+
+      // Kernel Code Segment
+      add_descriptor(KERNEL_CODE_SEGMENT, 0, 0xFFFFFFFF, 0x9A, 0xCF);
+
+      // Kernel Data Segment
+      add_descriptor(KERNEL_DATA_SEGMENT, 0, 0xFFFFFFFF, 0x92, 0xCF);      
+
+      // User Code Segment
+      // TODO:
+      
+      // User Data Segement
+      // TODO: 
+      
+      // init Gdt Descriptor
+      gdtDescriptor.limit = ((sizeof(SegmentDescriptor ) * 5 ) - 1);
+      gdtDescriptor.base = (unsigned int) &GlobalDescriptorTable;
+
+      printf("Hello GDT!\n");
+
+
+      LoadGlobalDescriptorTable();
+
+//      while (true)
+//         asm volatile("hlt");
+      
+
+
+
+}

src/kernel/gdt/gdtc.h

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+
+struct SegmentDescriptor {
+   unsigned short limit_low;
+   unsigned short base_low;
+   unsigned char base_middle;
+   unsigned char access;
+   unsigned char granularity;
+   unsigned char base_high;
+}__attribute__((packed));
+
+
+struct GlobalDescriptorTableDescriptor{
+   unsigned short limit;
+   unsigned int base;
+}__attribute__((packed));
+
+extern SegmentDescriptor GlobalDescriptorTable[];
+extern GlobalDescriptorTableDescriptor gdtDescriptor;
+
+
+void add_descriptor(int which , unsigned long base, unsigned long limit, unsigned char access, unsigned char granularity );
+
+
+extern "C" void LoadGlobalDescriptorTable();
+void initGDT();

src/kernel/kernel.cpp

@@ -1,12 +1,18 @@
 #include "kernel.h"
 #define GB4 524288
 #define GB2 262144
+extern "C" void kernel_main (void);
+extern "C" void putPixel(int pos_x, int pos_y, unsigned char VGA_COLOR , unsigned char addr , unsigned char pixelWidth, unsigned pitch );
+
+
     extern "C" void early_main(unsigned long magic, unsigned long addr){
         /** initialize terminal interface */ 
-        kterm_init();
+       // kterm_init();
         
+        printf("Magic flag 0x%8x\n", magic);
+        printf("Magic must be 0x%8x\n", MULTIBOOT_BOOTLOADER_MAGIC);
         if (magic != MULTIBOOT_BOOTLOADER_MAGIC){
-            printf("Invalid magic number: 0x%x\n",  magic);
+            printf("Invalid magic number: 0x%8x\n",  magic);
             return;
         }
 
@@ -26,8 +32,10 @@
             printf("kernel: 0x%x - 0x%x\n", &kernel_begin , &kernel_end);         
         }
 
-        printf("Call to setupGdt!\n");
-        setupGdt();
+        initGDT();
+
+
+      kernel_main();
 
        
     }
@@ -37,12 +45,16 @@
         printf("call to init serial\n");
         init_serial();
 
+
         while (true){
             //Read time indefinetely 
             read_rtc();
             printf( "UTC time: %02d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d  [ Formatted as YY-MM-DD h:mm:ss]\r" ,year, month, day, hour, minute, second);
             delay(1000);
         }
+            
+
+        
        
     }   
 

src/kernel/kernel.h

@@ -2,15 +2,15 @@
 extern "C"{
    #include "../libc/include/string.h" 
 }
-#include "arch/i386/vga/VBE.h"
-#include "arch/i386/tty/kterm.h"
+#include "vga/VBE.h"
+#include "tty/kterm.h"
 
 #include "./bootloader/multiboot.h"
 #include "bootcheck.h"
 #include "memory/PhysicalMemoryManager.h"
 
-#include "arch/i386/gdt/gdtc.h"
-#include "arch/i386/idt/idt.h"
+#include "gdt/gdtc.h"
+#include "idt/idt.h"
 
 #include "io.h"
 #include "time.h"

src/kernel/memory/PageDirectory.cpp

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 
 void PageDirectory::enable(){
-
+    // https://wiki.osdev.org/Setting_Up_Paging
     //set each entry to not present
     int i;
     for(i = 0; i < 1024; i++)

src/kernel/pic/pic.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #pragma once 
-#include "../../../io.h"
+#include "../io.h"
 
 #define PIC1		0x20		/* IO base address for master PIC */
 #define PIC2		0xA0		/* IO base address for slave PIC */

src/kernel/serial.h

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 #pragma once
-
-#include "arch/i386/tty/kterm.h"
+#include "tty/kterm.h"
 #include "io.h"
+
 #define PORT 0x3f8 
-static int init_serial() {
+
+inline static int init_serial() {
    outb(PORT + 1, 0x00);    // Disable all interrupts
    outb(PORT + 3, 0x80);    // Enable DLAB (set baud rate divisor)
    outb(PORT + 0, 0x03);    // Set divisor to 3 (lo byte) 38400 baud
@@ -25,33 +26,95 @@ static int init_serial() {
    return 0;
 }
 
-int is_transmit_empty() {
+inline int is_transmit_empty() {
    return inb(PORT + 5) & 0x20;
 }
  
-void write_serial(char a) {
+inline void write_serial(char a) {
    while (is_transmit_empty() == 0);
  
    outb(PORT,a);
 }
 
-int serial_received() {
+inline int serial_received() {
    return inb(PORT + 5) & 1;
 }
  
-char read_serial() {
+inline char read_serial() {
    while (serial_received() == 0);
  
    return inb(PORT);
 }
 
-void print_serial(const char* string ){
+inline void print_serial(const char* string ){
     for(size_t i = 0; i < strlen(string); i ++){
         write_serial(string[i]);
     }
 }
 
-void test_serial(){
+
+inline void printf_serial ( const char *format, ...) {
+   
+    char **arg = (char **)&format;
+    int c;
+    char buf[20];
+
+    arg++;
+    
+    while ((c = *format++) != 0){
+        if( c != '%')
+            write_serial(c);
+        else{
+            char *p, *p2;
+            int pad0 = 0, pad = 0;
+
+            c = *format++;
+            if(c =='0'){
+                pad0 = 1;
+                c = *format++;
+            }
+
+            if ( c >= '0' && c <= '9'){
+                pad = c - '0';
+                c = *format++;
+            }
+
+            switch (c)
+            {
+            case 'd':
+             
+            case 'u':
+            case 'x':
+                itoa(buf, c, *((int *) arg++));
+
+                p = buf;
+                goto string;
+                break;
+            
+            case 's':
+                p = *arg++;
+                if(!p)
+                    p = "(null)";
+                
+                string: 
+                    for (p2 = p; *p2; p2++);
+                    for (; p2 < p + pad; p2++)
+                        write_serial(pad0 ? '0': ' ');
+                    while (*p)
+                        write_serial(*p++);
+                    break;
+
+
+            default:
+                write_serial(*((int *)arg++));
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+inline void test_serial(){
         /** Serial test **/
         kterm_writestring("Writing to COM1 serial port:");
         init_serial();

src/kernel/tty/kterm.cpp

@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ void kterm_writestring(const char* data ){
 }
 
 
-static void itoa (char *buf, int base, int d) {
+void itoa (char *buf, int base, int d) {
     char *p = buf;
     char *p1, *p2;
     unsigned long ud = d;
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ static void itoa (char *buf, int base, int d) {
 }
 
 void printf ( const char *format, ...) {
-    
+    return;
     char **arg = (char **)&format;
     int c;
     char buf[20];

src/kernel/tty/kterm.h

@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@
 #include <stdbool.h>
 
 #include "../vga/colors.h"
-#include "../../../io.h"
+#include "../io.h"
 
 extern "C"{
-    #include "./../../../../libc/include/string.h"
+    #include "./../../libc/include/string.h"
 }
 
 void kterm_init();
@@ -33,10 +33,9 @@ uint16_t get_cursor_position();
 int get_cursor_x (uint16_t cursor_pos);
 int get_cursor_y (uint16_t cursor_pos);
 
-
+extern "C"  void itoa (char *buf, int base, int d);
 void printf ( const char *format, ...);
 
-//static void itoa (char *buf, int base, int d);
 
 #define KernelTag "[Kernel]: "
 #define AS_KERNEL() (  kterm_setcolor(VGA_COLOR_LIGHT_BLUE),\