Added klog as a new logging system

* The logging system sends the message to both VGA and serial
* The serial print uses color to indicate the category of the message

Message Categories  |  Colours
Debug			Green
Info			Blue
Error			Red

.gdbinit

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+target remote localhost:1234
+
+file root/boot/myos.bin
+symbol-file kernel.sym
+
+break prekernel/prekernel.cpp:18
+continue

.gitignore

@@ -11,3 +11,5 @@ root/
 *.a
 
 
+/CoreLib/warnings.log
+/kernel/warnings.log

CoreLib/List.h

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//
+// Created by nigel on 25/02/23.
+//
+#pragma once
+
+
+class List {
+public:
+    List* next;
+    void* data;
+};
+

CoreLib/Makefile

@@ -1,19 +1,23 @@
-CPP = ${HOME}/opt/cross/bin/i686-elf-g++
+CPP = /opt/cross/bin/i686-elf-g++
 CFLAGS = -ffreestanding -Og -ggdb -Wall -Wextra
 
 BUILD_DIR = ../build/CoreLib
 OBJ_FOLDER = ../bin/CoreLib
 OUTPUTFILE = $(BUILD_DIR)/libCoreLib.a
 
-OFILES = $(OBJ_FOLDER)/memory.o $(OBJ_FOLDER)/path.o $(OBJ_FOLDER)/stack.o $(OBJ_FOLDER)/string.o $(OBJ_FOLDER)/stringview.o
+OFILES = $(OBJ_FOLDER)/ctype.o $(OBJ_FOLDER)/memory.o $(OBJ_FOLDER)/path.o $(OBJ_FOLDER)/stack.o $(OBJ_FOLDER)/string.o $(OBJ_FOLDER)/stringview.o
 
 .phony: all
 all: $(OUTPUTFILE)
 	cp *.h $(BUILD_DIR)/include/CoreLib
 
 $(OUTPUTFILE): $(OFILES)
+	pwd
 	ar -rc $(OUTPUTFILE) $(OFILES)
 
+$(OBJ_FOLDER)/ctype.o: ctype.cpp
+	$(CPP) -c ctype.cpp -o $(OBJ_FOLDER)/ctype.o $(CFLAGS)
+
 $(OBJ_FOLDER)/memory.o: Memory.cpp
 	$(CPP) -c Memory.cpp -o $(OBJ_FOLDER)/memory.o $(CFLAGS)
 

CoreLib/Memory.cpp

@@ -16,22 +16,31 @@ void* memset (void* ptr, int value, size_t num)
 
 int memcmp( const void* ptr1, const void* ptr2, size_t num)
 {
-    const unsigned char * cs = (const unsigned char*) ptr1;
-    const unsigned char * ct = (const unsigned char*) ptr2;
+    auto* cs = (const unsigned char*) ptr1;
+    auto* ct = (const unsigned char*) ptr2;
 
 
     for (int i = 0 ; i < num ; i++, cs++, ct++ ){
-        if( *cs < *ct){
-            return -1;
-        } else if( *cs > *ct){
-            return 1;
-        }
+        if( *cs != *ct)
+            return *cs - *ct;
+
     }
 
     return 0;
 
 }
 
+[[maybe_unused]] void memcpy (void* dest, const void* src, size_t count ){
+    for( int i = 0; i < count; i++){
+        ((char *)dest)[i] = ((const char*)src)[i];
+    }
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+
 size_t strlen(const char* str) {
     size_t len = 0;
     while(str[len]){
@@ -55,4 +64,44 @@ int strncmp ( const char* str1, const char* str2, size_t num ){
     }
 
     return 0;
+}
+
+char* strchr(const char* s , int c){
+    while(*s) {
+        if(*s == c) return const_cast<char*>(s);
+        s++;
+    }
+    return NULL;
+}
+char* strtok(char* str, const char* delim , char**saveptr){
+    char *begin;
+    if(str) {
+        begin = str;
+    }
+    else if (*saveptr) {
+        begin = *saveptr;
+    }
+    else {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    while(strchr(delim, begin[0])) {
+        begin++;
+    }
+
+
+    char *next = NULL;
+    for(int i = 0; i < strlen(delim); i++) {
+        char *temp = strchr(begin, delim[i]);
+        if(temp < next || next == NULL) {
+            next = temp;
+        }
+    }
+    if(!next) {
+        *saveptr = NULL;
+        return begin;
+    }
+    *next = 0;
+    *saveptr=next+1;
+    return begin;
 }

CoreLib/Memory.h

@@ -7,6 +7,10 @@ void* memset (void* ptr, int value, size_t num);
 
 int memcmp( const void* ptr1, const void* ptr2, size_t num);
 
+[[maybe_unused]] void memcpy (void* dest, const void* src, size_t count );
+
 size_t strlen(const char* str);
 
-int strncmp ( const char* str1, const char* str2, size_t num );
+int strncmp ( const char* str1, const char* str2, size_t num );
+
+char* strtok(char* str, const char* delim , char**saveptr);

CoreLib/ctype.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+//
+// Created by nigel on 25/02/23.
+//
+#include "ctype.h"
+
+int isupper (int ch){
+    if( ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'Z'){
+        return 1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+int islower (int ch){
+    if(ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'z'){
+        return 1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int isalpha (int ch) {
+    if(isupper(ch)){
+        return 1;
+    }
+    if(islower(ch)){
+        return 1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+int isdigit (int ch){
+    if(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9'){
+        return 1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int isxdigit (int ch){
+    if(isdigit(ch)){
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    if( ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'f'){
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    if( ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'F'){
+        return 1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int iscntrl (int ch){
+    if(ch >= 0x00 && ch <= 0x1f )
+        return 1;
+    if(ch == 0x7f)
+        return 1;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+int isgraph (int ch){
+    if(isdigit(ch))
+        return 1;
+    if(isupper(ch))
+        return 1;
+    if(islower(ch))
+        return 1;
+    if(ispunct(ch))
+        return 1;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int isspace(int ch){
+    if (ch == 0x20)
+        return 1;
+    if(ch == 0x0c)
+        return 1;
+    if(ch == 0x0a)
+        return 1;
+    if(ch == 0x0d)
+        return 1;
+    if(ch == 0x09)
+        return 1;
+    if(ch == 0x0b)
+        return 1;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int isblank (int ch){
+    if( ch == 0x20 || ch == 0x09)
+        return 1;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int ispunct(int ch){
+    if(ch >= '!' && ch <= '~')
+        return 1;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int isprint (int ch){
+    if (isdigit(ch))
+        return 1;
+    if(isupper(ch))
+        return 1;
+    if(islower(ch))
+        return 1;
+    if(ispunct(ch))
+        return 1;
+    if(isspace(ch))
+        return 1;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+int tolower(int ch){
+
+    if(islower(ch)) return ch;
+    int diff = 'a' - 'A';
+    return ch + diff;
+}
+
+int toupper(int ch){
+    if(isupper(ch)) return ch;
+    int diff = 'a' - 'A';
+    return ch - diff;
+}
+
+
+
+int isalnum (int ch){
+    if(isdigit(ch)){
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+   if(isalpha(ch)){
+       return 1;
+   }
+
+    return 0;
+
+}

CoreLib/ctype.h

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+//
+// Created by nigel on 25/02/23.
+//
+#pragma once
+
+//NOTE: Uses default locale
+int isupper (int ch);
+int islower (int ch);
+int isalpha (int ch);
+int isdigit (int ch);
+int isxdigit (int ch);
+int iscntrl (int ch);
+int isgraph(int ch);
+int isspace(int ch);
+int isblank(int ch);
+int ispunct(int ch);
+int isprint(int ch);
+int isalnum (int ch);
+int tolower(int ch);
+int toupper(int ch);
+

README.md

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ Enumerating the PCI bus
 Correctly identified our ATAPI device 🎉
 
 ![Reading Files from FAT-16](screenshots/ReadingFilesFromFAT16.png) \
-Reading a file from a FAT-16 Formatted drive 
+Reading a FILE from a FAT-16 Formatted drive 
 
 ________________________
 

kernel/Makefile

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
-EMULATOR = qemu-system-i386
-AS = ${HOME}/opt/cross/bin/i686-elf-as
-CC = ${HOME}/opt/cross/bin/i686-elf-gcc
-CPP = ${HOME}/opt/cross/bin/i686-elf-g++ 
+AS = /opt/cross/bin/i686-elf-as
+CC = /opt/cross/bin/i686-elf-gcc
+CPP = /opt/cross/bin/i686-elf-g++
 CFLAGS =  -ffreestanding -Og -ggdb  -Wall -Wextra  -I ../build/CoreLib/include
 BUILD_DIR = ../build/kernel
 OBJ_DIR = ../bin/kernel
@@ -34,25 +33,32 @@ OFILES = $(OBJ_DIR)/boot.o	\
 		 $(OBJ_DIR)/atapiDevice.o \
 		 $(OBJ_DIR)/ataDevice.o \
 		 $(OBJ_DIR)/rsdp.o \
-		 $(OBJ_DIR)/acpi.o
+		 $(OBJ_DIR)/acpi.o \
+		 $(OBJ_DIR)/fat.o \
+		 $(OBJ_DIR)/serial.o \
+		 $(OBJ_DIR)/klog.o
 
 OBJ_LINK_LIST = $(CRTI_OBJ) $(CRTBEGIN_OBJ) $(OFILES) $(CRTEND_OBJ) $(CRTN_OBJ)  
 INTERNAL_OBJS = $(CRTI_OBJ) $(OFILES) $(CRTN_OBJ)
 
-all:  build
+all: clean build
+
+clean:
+	rm $(OBJ_DIR)/* -r
+
 
 build: $(OBJ_LINK_LIST)
 	$(CPP) -T linker.ld -o $(BUILD_DIR)/myos.bin -ffreestanding -ggdb -Og -nostdlib $(OBJ_LINK_LIST) -lgcc -L ../build/CoreLib -lCoreLib
 
 # C++ definition -> Object files
-$(OBJ_DIR)/kernel.o:
+$(OBJ_DIR)/kernel.o: kernel.cpp
 	$(CPP) -c kernel.cpp -o $(OBJ_DIR)/kernel.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
 
 $(OBJ_DIR)/kterm.o:
 	$(CPP) -c terminal/kterm.cpp  -o $(OBJ_DIR)/kterm.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
 
 $(OBJ_DIR)/io.o:
-	$(CPP) -c drivers/io/io.cpp  -o $(OBJ_DIR)/io.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
+	$(CPP) -c io/io.cpp  -o $(OBJ_DIR)/io.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
 
 $(OBJ_DIR)/idt.o:
 	$(CPP) -c interrupts/idt.cpp -o $(OBJ_DIR)/idt.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
@@ -67,28 +73,28 @@ $(OBJ_DIR)/PhysicalMemoryManager.o:
 	$(CPP) -c memory/PhysicalMemoryManager.cpp  -o $(OBJ_DIR)/PhysicalMemoryManager.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
 
 $(OBJ_DIR)/pci.o:
-	$(CPP) -c drivers/pci/pci.cpp  -o $(OBJ_DIR)/pci.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
+	$(CPP) -c pci/pci.cpp  -o $(OBJ_DIR)/pci.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
 
 $(OBJ_DIR)/pcidevice.o:
-	$(CPP) -c drivers/pci/pciDevice.cpp  -o $(OBJ_DIR)/pcidevice.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
+	$(CPP) -c pci/pciDevice.cpp  -o $(OBJ_DIR)/pcidevice.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
 
 $(OBJ_DIR)/atapiDevice.o:
-	$(CPP) -c drivers/atapi/atapiDevice.cpp  -o $(OBJ_DIR)/atapiDevice.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
+	$(CPP) -c storage/atapi/atapiDevice.cpp  -o $(OBJ_DIR)/atapiDevice.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
 
 $(OBJ_DIR)/ataDevice.o:
-	$(CPP) -c drivers/ata/ataDevice.cpp  -o $(OBJ_DIR)/ataDevice.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
+	$(CPP) -c "storage/ata pio/ATAPIO.cpp"  -o $(OBJ_DIR)/ataDevice.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
 
 $(OBJ_DIR)/rsdp.o:
-	$(CPP) -c drivers/acpi/rsdp.cpp  -o $(OBJ_DIR)/rsdp.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
+	$(CPP) -c acpi/rsdp.cpp  -o $(OBJ_DIR)/rsdp.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
 
 $(OBJ_DIR)/acpi.o:
-	$(CPP) -c drivers/acpi/acpi.cpp -o $(OBJ_DIR)/acpi.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
+	$(CPP) -c acpi/acpi.cpp -o $(OBJ_DIR)/acpi.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
 
 $(OBJ_DIR)/pit.o:
 	$(CPP) -c drivers/pit/pit.cpp  -o $(OBJ_DIR)/pit.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
 
 $(OBJ_DIR)/VFS.o:
-	$(CPP) -c vfs/VFS.cpp  -o $(OBJ_DIR)/VFS.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
+	$(CPP) -c storage/vfs/vfs.cpp  -o $(OBJ_DIR)/VFS.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
 
 $(OBJ_DIR)/keyboard.o:
 	$(CPP) -c drivers/ps-2/keyboard.cpp  -o $(OBJ_DIR)/keyboard.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
@@ -114,6 +120,15 @@ $(OBJ_DIR)/prekernel.o:
 $(OBJ_DIR)/processor.o:
 	$(CPP) -c i386/processor.cpp -o $(OBJ_DIR)/processor.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
 
+$(OBJ_DIR)/fat.o:
+	$(CPP) -c storage/filesystems/FAT/FAT.cpp -o $(OBJ_DIR)/fat.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
+
+$(OBJ_DIR)/serial.o:
+	$(CPP) -c drivers/serial/serial.cpp -o $(OBJ_DIR)/serial.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
+
+$(OBJ_DIR)/klog.o:
+	$(CPP) -c klog.cpp -o $(OBJ_DIR)/klog.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
+
 # Assembly -> Object files
 $(OBJ_DIR)/boot.o:
 	$(AS) boot/boot.s -o $(OBJ_DIR)/boot.o

kernel/acpi/acpi.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+#include "acpi.h"
+#include "../../CoreLib/Memory.h"
+#include "../memory/VirtualMemoryManager.h"
+
+RSDPDescriptor* ACPI::rsd_ptr;
+RSCPDescriptor20* ACPI::rsd2_ptr;
+RSDT* ACPI::rsd_table;
+
+const int KERNEL_OFFSET = 0xC0000000;
+
+void ACPI::initialize(){
+    // Find the Root System Description Pointer
+    ACPI::rsd_ptr = FindRSD();
+    printf("RSD address: 0x%x\n", ACPI::rsd_ptr);
+    printRSD(rsd_ptr);
+
+
+    if( rsd_ptr->Revision == 0 ){
+        // Using version 1.0 of the ACPI specification
+        int sum = rsd_ptr->Checksum;
+        for (int i =0; i < sizeof(RSDPDescriptor) ; i++) {
+            sum += ((char*)rsd_ptr)[i];
+        }
+
+        printf(" 0x%x sum\n", sum);
+        if(sum & 0xfff0)
+            printf("valid rsd!\n");
+        else
+            printf("invalid rsd\n");
+
+        printf("rsdp: 0x%x\n", rsd_ptr);
+
+        printf("0x%x address\n", (rsd_ptr->RsdtAddress));
+        Immediate_Map(rsd_ptr->RsdtAddress + KERNEL_OFFSET, rsd_ptr->RsdtAddress);
+
+        RSDT* rootSystemDescriptionTable = (RSDT*)(rsd_ptr->RsdtAddress + KERNEL_OFFSET);
+        //printf("0x%x Root System Descriptor address\n", rootSystemDescriptionTable);
+        // checksum it, but we'll ignore it for now
+        printf("signature ");
+        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+            kterm_put( rootSystemDescriptionTable->h.Signature[i]);
+        }
+        kterm_put('\n');
+
+
+        int entries = (rootSystemDescriptionTable->h.Length - sizeof (rootSystemDescriptionTable->h)) /4;
+        printf("%d num entries\n", entries);
+        for( int i = 0; i < entries; i++){
+            ACPISDTHeader* h = (ACPISDTHeader*) rootSystemDescriptionTable->PointerToSDT + i ;
+            if(strncmp(h->Signature, "FACP", 4)){
+                printf("Found FACP Entry!\n");
+            }
+        }
+
+
+    } else{
+        // parse it as of version2.0
+        printf("rsd2_ptr\n");
+        ACPI::rsd2_ptr = (RSCPDescriptor20*)rsd_ptr;
+    }
+
+
+
+/*
+    auto tableHeader = &rootSystemDescriptionTable->h;
+
+    // do checksum
+    sum = 0;
+
+    for(int i = 0; i < tableHeader->Length; i ++) {
+        sum += ((char*) tableHeader)[i];
+    }
+
+    if( sum != 0)
+        printf("Table invalid!");*/
+}

kernel/acpi/acpi.h

@@ -6,8 +6,9 @@ class ACPI {
         
         // In the future ACPI might start
         // doing more systems initialization
-        
+
+    static RSDPDescriptor* rsd_ptr;
+    static RSCPDescriptor20* rsd2_ptr;
+    static RSDT* rsd_table;
     private:
-       static RSDPTR* rsd_ptr;
-       static RSDT* rsd_table;
 };

kernel/acpi/rsdp.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#include "rsdp.h"
+#include "../memory/VirtualMemoryManager.h"
+#include "../../CoreLib/Memory.h"
+
+
+void printRSD(RSDPDescriptor* rsd){
+    printf("Signature: ");
+    for(int i = 0; i < 8; i++){
+        kterm_put(rsd->signature[i]);
+    }
+    kterm_put('\n');
+
+    printf("OEMID: ");
+    for(int i =0; i < 6 ; i++){
+        kterm_put (rsd->OEMID[i]);
+    }
+    kterm_put('\n');
+
+    printf("Revision: %d\n", rsd->Revision);
+}
+
+RSDPDescriptor* FindRSD(){
+    char* memory_byte = (char*) 0x000f2e14;
+    const void* string = "RSD PTR ";
+
+
+    for( ; (uint32_t) memory_byte < 0x0100000; memory_byte+=10){
+        if( memcmp(memory_byte , string , 8 ) ==  0 ) {
+        printf("RSD PTR found at 0x%x !\n", memory_byte);
+        return (RSDPDescriptor*) memory_byte;
+        break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    memory_byte = (char*) 0x000E0000;
+    for ( ;(uint32_t) memory_byte < 0x000FFFFF; memory_byte += 1)
+    {
+        if( memcmp(memory_byte , string , 8 ) ==  0 ) {
+            printf("RSD PTR found at 0x%x !\n", memory_byte);
+            return (RSDPDescriptor*) memory_byte;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+}

kernel/acpi/rsdp.h

@@ -1,9 +1,28 @@
 #pragma once
-#include <stdint.h>
-#include "./../../terminal/kterm.h"
+#include "../terminal/kterm.h"
 #include <CoreLib/Memory.h>
+#include <stdint-gcc.h>
 
-struct RSDPTR {
+
+struct ACPISDTHeader{
+    char Signature[4];
+    uint32_t Length;
+    uint8_t Revision;
+    uint8_t CheckSum;
+    char OEMID[6];
+    char OEMTableID[8];
+    uint32_t OEMRevision;
+    uint32_t CreatorID;
+    uint32_t CreatorRevision;
+};
+
+struct RSDT{
+    struct ACPISDTHeader h;
+    uint32_t *PointerToSDT; // Length of array : (header.Length - sizeof(header))/ 4
+}__attribute__((packed));
+
+
+struct RSDPDescriptor {
     char signature[8];
     uint8_t Checksum ;
     char OEMID [6];
@@ -11,25 +30,16 @@ struct RSDPTR {
     uint32_t RsdtAddress;
 }__attribute__((packed));
 
-struct ACPISDTHeader{
-    char Signature[4];
-    uint32_t Length;
-    uint8_t CheckSum;
-    char OEMID[6];
-    char OEMTableID[8];
-    uint32_t OEMRevision;
-    uint32_t CreatorID;
-    uint32_t CreatorRevision;
+struct RSCPDescriptor20{
+   RSDPDescriptor base;
+   uint32_t Length;
+   uint64_t XsdtAddress;
+   uint8_t ExtendedChecksum;
+   uint8_t reserved[3];
 }__attribute__((packed));
 
+RSDPDescriptor* FindRSD();
 
-struct RSDT{
-    struct ACPISDTHeader header;
-    uint32_t PointerToSDT[]; // Length of array : (header.Length - sizeof(header))/ 4
-}__attribute__((packed));
+void printRSD(RSDPDescriptor* rsd);
 
-RSDPTR* FindRSD();
-
-void printRSD(RSDPTR* rsd);
-
-RSDT* getRSDT(RSDPTR* rsd);
+RSDT* getRSDT(RSDPDescriptor* rsd);

kernel/devices/BlockDevice.h

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//
+// Created by nigel on 21/02/23.
+//
+#pragma once
+
+class BlockDevice {
+    virtual char* Read()=0;
+    virtual void Write() =0;
+};
+
+

kernel/devices/CharacterDevice.h

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//
+// Created by nigel on 21/02/23.
+//
+#pragma once
+
+class CharacterDevice {
+    virtual char Read()=0;
+    virtual void Write()=0;
+};
+
+

kernel/drivers/acpi/acpi.cpp

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-#include "acpi.h"
-RSDPTR* ACPI::rsd_ptr;
-RSDT* ACPI::rsd_table;
-
-
-
-void ACPI::initialize(){
-
-    // Find the Root System Description Pointer
-    ACPI::rsd_ptr = FindRSD();
-    printRSD(rsd_ptr);
-
-    //  Get the Root System Description Table
-    ACPI::rsd_table = getRSDT((RSDPTR*)((uint32_t)rsd_ptr + 0xC00000000));
-}

kernel/drivers/acpi/rsdp.cpp

@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
-#include "rsdp.h"
-
-void printRSD(RSDPTR* rsd){
-    printf("Signature: ");
-    for(int i = 0; i < 8; i++){
-        kterm_put(rsd->signature[i]);
-    }
-    kterm_put('\n');
-
-    printf("OEMID: ");
-    for(int i =0; i < 6 ; i++){
-        kterm_put (rsd->OEMID[i]);
-    }
-    kterm_put('\n');
-
-    printf("Revision: %d\n", rsd->Revision);
-    printf("RSDT Address: 0x%x\n", rsd->RsdtAddress );
-}
-
-RSDPTR* FindRSD(){
-    char* memory_byte = (char*) 0xC00f2e14;
-    const void* string = "RSD PTR ";
-
-    for( ; (uint32_t) memory_byte < 0xC0100000; memory_byte+=10){
-        if( memcmp(memory_byte , string , 8 ) ==  0 ) {
-        printf("RSD PTR found at 0x%x !\n", memory_byte);
-        break;
-        }
-    }
-
-    return (RSDPTR*) memory_byte;
-}
-
-
-RSDT* getRSDT(RSDPTR* rsd){
-
-        RSDT* rsdt = (RSDT*) rsd->RsdtAddress;
-
-        printf("OEMID: ");
-        for(int i = 0; i < 6; i++){
-            kterm_put(rsdt->header.OEMID[i]);
-        }
-        kterm_put('\n');
-        return rsdt;
-}

kernel/drivers/ata/ataDevice.h

@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-#include <stdint.h>
-#include "../io/io.h"
-#include "../ide/ideCommands.h"
-#include "../ide/sampleIDE.definitions.h"
-
-#include "../../terminal/kterm.h"
-
-/*
-* This first driver wil make use of IO ports.
-* Doing so means reading or writing from disk is going
-* to be very cpu intensive.
-*/
-
-enum DEVICE_DRIVE{
-    MASTER = 0xA0,
-    SLAVE = 0xB0
-};
-
-namespace ATA_DEVICE{
-    void Identify(uint16_t, DEVICE_DRIVE);
-    void Read (uint16_t, DEVICE_DRIVE, uint32_t, uint16_t*);
-    void Write(uint16_t, DEVICE_DRIVE);
-    void Soft_Reset(uint8_t ,DEVICE_DRIVE );
-};
-
-

kernel/drivers/pic/pic.h

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
-#pragma once 
-#include "../io/io.h"
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdint-gcc.h>
+#include "../../io/io.h"
 
 #define PIC1		0x20		/* IO base address for master PIC */
 #define PIC2		0xA0		/* IO base address for slave PIC */

kernel/drivers/pit/pit.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once 
-#include <stdint.h>
-#include "../io/io.h"
+#include <stdint-gcc.h>
+#include "../../io/io.h"
 #define PIT_DATA_0 0x40
 #define PIT_DATA_1 0x41
 #define PIT_DATA_2 0x42

kernel/drivers/serial/serial.cpp

@@ -1,19 +1,52 @@
 #include "serial.h"
+#include "../../io/io.h"
 
-Serial Serial::init() {
-    // No clue what to setup yet!
+// Initializes communication according to the spec given
+Serial::Serial(SerialConfig config) {
+    port = config.port;
+    // Disable interrupts
+    outb(config.port + 1, 0x00);
 
-    return Serial();
+    // Enable DLAB
+    outb(config.port + 3, 0x80);
+
+    // set the baudrate
+    outb(config.port + 0, 0x03);
+    outb(config.port + 1, 0x00);
+
+    // configure for 8bits, no parity, one stop bit
+    outb(config.port + 3, 0x03);
+
+    // Enable FIFO, clear them, with 14-byte threshhold
+    outb(config.port + 2, 0xC7);
+    // Enable IRQ's, RTS/DSR set
+    outb(config.port + 4, 0x0B );
+    // Set in loopback mode, test the serial chip.
+    outb(config.port + 4, 0x1E);
+
+    // TEST
+    outb(config.port + 0 , 0xAE);
+
+    if(inb(config.port + 0) != 0xAE)
+        return ; // FAIL
+
+    outb(config.port + 4, 0x0F);
+    return ;
 }
 
-void Serial::print(){
-    // Do nothing!
+void Serial::write(void* data, int len) {
+    while (is_transmit_empty() == 0); // Wait for transmit queue to be free
+    for (int i = 0; i < len ; i++){
+        outb(port, ((uint8_t*)data)[i]);
+    }
 }
 
-Serial::Serial(){
-    // Do nothing!
+char Serial::read() {
+    return inb(port);
 }
 
-Serial::~Serial(){
-    // Do nothing!
-}
+int Serial::is_transmit_empty() {
+    return inb(port + 5) & 0x20;
+}
+
+

kernel/drivers/serial/serial.h

@@ -1,19 +1,29 @@
 #pragma once
+// For now these are the standard
+// serial ports we can talk to
+enum SERIALPORT {
+    COM1 = 0x3F8,
+    COM2 = 0x2F8,
+    COM3 = 0x3E8,
+    COM4 = 0x2E8
+};
 
-class Serial {
+struct SerialConfig {
+    SERIALPORT port;
+    char baud_rate_lo ;
+    char baud_rate_hi;
+};
+
+
+class Serial   {
 
     public: 
-        static Serial init();
-        
-        void print();
+        Serial (SerialConfig config );
 
-    private: 
-        const int COM1 = 0x3F8;
-        const int COM2 = 0x2F8;
-        const int COM3 = 0x3E8;
-        const int COM4 = 0x2E8;
+        char read();
+        void write(void* data, int length);
 
-
-        Serial();
-        ~Serial();
+    private:
+        SERIALPORT port;
+        int is_transmit_empty();
 };

kernel/filesystem/FAT/BiosParameterBlock.h

@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-#include <stdint.h>
-#include "./ExtendBootRecord.h"
-
-struct BiosParameterBlock {
-    uint8_t BootLoaderCodeSection [3];
-    uint8_t OEM_id [8];
-    uint16_t  BytesPerSector ; // I suspect would be 512
-    uint8_t SectorsPerCluster ; 
-    uint16_t ReservedSectors;
-    uint8_t NumberOfFileAllocationTables; // Probably equals 2
-    uint16_t NumberOfDirectoryEntries; // Root directory must contain entire sectors
-    uint16_t TotalSectorsInLogicalVolume ; // 0 means >65535 sectors in volume , actual count can be found in LargeSectorCount
-    uint8_t MediaDescriptor ; // Indication the media descriptor type
-    uint16_t NumberOfSectorsPerFAT;// only in FAT12 / FAT 16
-    uint16_t NumberOfSectorsPerTrack; 
-    uint16_t NumberOfHeadsOnMedia;
-    uint32_t NumberOfHiddenSectors;
-    uint32_t LargeSectorCount;
-    ExtendedBootRecord_FAT16 ebpb;
-}__attribute__((packed));

kernel/filesystem/FAT/DirectoryEntry.h

@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once 
-#include <stdint.h>
-
-struct DirectoryEntry {
-    uint8_t filename [8];
-    uint8_t Extension [3];
-    uint8_t attribute;
-    uint8_t Reserved;
-    uint8_t creation;
-    uint16_t CreationTime;
-    uint16_t CreationDate;
-    uint16_t LastAccessDate;
-    uint16_t ReservedFAT32;
-    uint16_t LastWriteTime;
-    uint16_t LastWriteDate;
-    uint16_t StartingCluster;
-    uint32_t FilesizeInBytes;
-
-}__attribute__((packed));

kernel/filesystem/FAT/ExtendBootRecord.h

@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once 
-#include <stdint.h>
-
-struct ExtendedBootRecord_FAT16{
-    uint8_t DriveNumber;
-    uint8_t Reserved;
-    uint8_t Signature;
-    const uint32_t VOLUME_ID_SERIAL_NUMBER;
-    uint8_t volume_label [11];
-    uint8_t Identifier_string [8];
-    uint8_t bootCode [448];
-    uint16_t partitionSignature;
-}__attribute__((packed));
-
-struct ExtendedBootRecord_FAT32{
-    uint32_t SectorsPerFAT;
-    uint16_t Flags;
-    const uint16_t FAT_VERSION_NUMBER;
-    uint32_t rootDirectory_clusterNumber;// Often set to 2;
-    uint16_t FSInfo_SectorNumber;
-    uint16_t backup_bpb_sectorNumber;
-    uint8_t Reserved [12];
-    uint8_t DriveNumber;
-    uint8_t Reserved2;
-    uint8_t Signature; // must be 0x28 or 0x29 
-    uint32_t VOLUME_ID_SERIAL;
-    uint8_t volume_label[11];
-    uint8_t SystemIdentifierString [8]; // ALWAYS "FAT32 " but spec says do not trust
-    uint8_t BootCode [420]; // NICE
-    uint16_t PartitionSignature; // 0xAA55
-
-}__attribute__((packed));

kernel/interrupts/idt.cpp

@@ -3,6 +3,9 @@
 #include "../drivers/ps-2/keyboard.h"
 #include "../i386/processor.h"
 #include "../memory/VirtualMemoryManager.h"
+#include "../syscalls.h"
+
+
 IDT_entry idt_table[256];
 IDT_ptr idt_ptr;
 
@@ -18,7 +21,7 @@ void set_id_entry (uint8_t num , uint32_t base, uint16_t sel,  uint8_t flags){
 
 void irs_handler (registers* regs) {
      uint32_t FaultingAddress;
-        //printf("(IRS) Interrupt number: %d \r", regs.int_no);
+        printf("(IRS) Interrupt number: %d \n EAX: ", regs->int_no, regs->eax);
         switch (regs->int_no)
         {
         case 0:
@@ -188,7 +191,7 @@ void irs_handler (registers* regs) {
                 printf("* Page protection violation!\n");
             } else{
                 printf("* Page not-present!\n");
-                Immediate_Map(FaultingAddress, FaultingAddress - 0xC0000000);
+                //Immediate_Map(FaultingAddress, FaultingAddress);
              
             }
 
@@ -259,6 +262,29 @@ void irs_handler (registers* regs) {
             printf("EBP: 0x%x\n", regs->ebp); 
         break;
 
+        case 50:
+            printf("SYSTEMCALL\n");
+            printf("EAX 0x%x\n", regs->eax);
+
+                switch (regs->eax) {
+                    case 0x0:
+                        printf("test!\n");
+                        break;
+                    case 0x5:
+                        sys_open();
+                        break;
+                    case 0x10:
+                        sys_read((FILE*)regs->ebx, (char*)regs->ecx);
+                        break;
+                    case 0x20:
+                        sys_write((FILE*)regs->ebx, (const char*)regs->ecx, regs->edx);
+                        break;
+                    case 0x666:
+                        sys_version();
+                        break;
+
+                };
+        break;
         default:
             // PANIC!!!
             break;
@@ -269,9 +295,6 @@ void irs_handler (registers* regs) {
 }
 
 void irq_handler (registers regs) {
-
-    
-
     switch (regs.int_no) {
     case 0:
             pit_tick++;
@@ -328,7 +351,7 @@ void irq_handler (registers regs) {
 }
 
 void initidt(){
-    // Initialise the IDT pointer
+    // Initialize the IDT pointer
     idt_ptr.length = sizeof(IDT_entry) * 255;
     idt_ptr.base = (uint32_t)&idt_table;
 
@@ -371,7 +394,7 @@ void initidt(){
     set_id_entry(30, (uint32_t) irs30 , 0x08, 0x8E);
     set_id_entry(31, (uint32_t) irs31 , 0x08, 0x8E);
 
-
+    set_id_entry(0x50, (uint32_t) irs50, 0x08, 0x8E);
     //print_serial("Remapping PIC\n");
     PIC_remap(0x20, 0x28);
 

kernel/interrupts/idt.h

@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ extern "C" {
     extern void irs29 ();
     extern void irs30 ();
     extern void irs31 ();
+    extern void irs50();
 
 
 

kernel/irq_table.s

@@ -1,115 +1,32 @@
 .globl irq0
-irq0:
-	cli 
-	push $0
-	push $0
-	jmp irq_common
 
-.globl irq1
-irq1:
-	cli 
-	push $0
-	push $1
-	jmp irq_common
+.macro IRQ NAME, VECTOR
+    .globl irq\NAME
+    irq\NAME:
+        cli
+        push $0
+        push \VECTOR
+        jmp irq_common
+.endm
 
-.globl irq2
-irq2:
-	cli 
-	push $0
-	push $2
-	jmp irq_common
-
-.globl irq3
-irq3:
-	cli 
-	push $0
-	push $3
-	jmp irq_common
-
-.globl irq4
-irq4:
-	cli 
-	push $0
-	push $4
-	jmp irq_common
-
-.globl irq5
-irq5:
-	cli 
-	push $0
-	push $5
-	jmp irq_common
-
-.globl irq6
-irq6:
-	cli 
-	push $0
-	push $6
-	jmp irq_common
-
-.globl irq7
-irq7:
-	cli 
-	push $0
-	push $7
-	jmp irq_common
-
-.globl irq8
-irq8:
-	cli 
-	push $0
-	push $8
-	jmp irq_common
-
-.globl irq9
-irq9:
-	cli 
-	push $0
-	push $9
-	jmp irq_common
-
-.globl irq10
-irq10:
-	cli 
-	push $0
-	push $10
-	jmp irq_common
-
-.globl irq11
-irq11:
-	cli 
-	push $0
-	push $11
-	jmp irq_common
+IRQ 0 $0
+IRQ 1 $1
+IRQ 2 $2
+IRQ 3 $3
+IRQ 4 $4
+IRQ 5 $5
+IRQ 6 $6
+IRQ 7 $7
+IRQ 8 $8
+IRQ 9 $9
+IRQ 10 $10
+IRQ 11 $11
+IRQ 12 $12
+IRQ 13 $13
+IRQ 14 $14
+IRQ 15 $15
 
 
-.globl irq12
-irq12:
-	cli 
-	push $0
-	push $12
-	jmp irq_common
-
-.globl irq13
-irq13:
-	cli 
-	push $0
-	push $13
-	jmp irq_common
-
-.globl irq14
-irq14:
-	cli 
-	push $0
-	push $14
-	jmp irq_common
-
-.globl irq15
-irq15:
-	cli 
-	push $0
-	push $15
-	jmp irq_common
 
 irq_common:
 	pusha

kernel/irs_table.s

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ ISR_NOERRORCODE 28 $28
 ISR_NOERRORCODE 29 $29
 ISR_NOERRORCODE 30 $30
 ISR_NOERRORCODE 31 $31
-
+ISR_NOERRORCODE 50 $50
 
 irs_common:
 	pusha 				# Pushes edi,esi,ebp,esp,ebx,edx,ecx,eax
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ irs_common:
 
 	call irs_handler
 	
-	pop %eax
+	pop %eax        // pop stack pointer
 	pop %ebx		// reload ther orignal data segment descriptor
 	mov %bx, %ds
 	mov %bx, %es
@@ -82,6 +82,6 @@ irs_common:
 	mov %bx, %gs
 
 	popa
-	add  $12, %esp  # cleans push error and irs code
+	add  $8, %esp  # cleans push error and irs code
 
 	iret # pops 5 things at once: CS, EIP, EFLAGS, SS, and ESP

kernel/kernel.cpp

@@ -7,53 +7,82 @@
 #include "memory/TaskStateSegment.h"
 #include "supervisorterminal/superVisorTerminal.h"
 #include "drivers/vga/VBE.h"
-#include "drivers/pci/pci.h"
+#include "pci/pci.h"
 #include "drivers/pit/pit.h"
-#include "drivers/acpi/acpi.h"
 #include "i386/processor.h"
 #include "terminal/kterm.h"
 #include "interrupts/idt.h"
-#include "serial.h"
-#include "vfs/VFS.h"
+#include "storage/vfs/vfs.h"
+#include "storage/filesystems/FAT/FAT.h"
+#include "acpi/acpi.h"
+#include "memory/VirtualMemoryManager.h"
+#include "klog.h"
 
+
+extern BootInfoBlock* BIB;
 extern "C"  void LoadGlobalDescriptorTable();
 extern "C" void jump_usermode();
 
+void initBootDrive(){
+    printf("Boot device: 0x%x\n", BIB->bootDeviceID);
+    unsigned int part3 = BIB->bootDeviceID & 0xFF;
+    unsigned int part2 = (BIB->bootDeviceID & 0xFF00) >> 8;
+    unsigned int part1 = (BIB->bootDeviceID & 0xFF0000) >> 16;
+    unsigned int drive = (BIB->bootDeviceID & 0xFF000000) >> 24;
+    if (drive == 0x80 )
+        printf("booted from disk!\n");
+    if(drive == 0x00)
+        printf("booted from floppy disk\n");
+
+    printf("Part1: %d, Part2: %d, Part3: %d\n", part1, part2 , part3);
+    ATAPIO::Identify(ATAPIO_PORT::Primary, DEVICE_DRIVE::MASTER);
+}
+
 extern "C" void kernel ()
 {
-
-    init_serial();
     kterm_init();
-
     setup_tss();
     initGDT();
     initidt();
     LoadGlobalDescriptorTable();
     flush_tss();
-    printf("Memory setup complete!\n");
 
+
+    print_info("Memory setup complete!\n");
     // Enable interrupts
     asm volatile("STI");
 
+
+
     initHeap();
-    pit_initialise();
-    // ACPI::initialize(); // FIXME: improper reading of bios memory
-    PCI::Scan();
+    //pit_initialise();
+
+
+    //ACPI::initialize();
+    //PCI::Scan();
     processor::initialize();
     processor::enable_protectedMode();
+    initBootDrive();
+    VirtualFileSystem::initialize();
 
-    FileSystem::initialize();
+    print_dbg("Hello debug!\n");
+    print_info("Hello info!\n");
+    print_err("Hello error!\n");
 
-    // Testing my path resolution functions
-    Path test = Path("/boot/myos.bin");
-    FileSystem::ResolvePath(test);
+#define VFS_EXAMPLE
+#ifdef VFS_EXAMPLE
+    auto fontFile = VirtualFileSystem::open("/FONT    PSF", 0);
+    printf("Size of font file: %d bytes\n", fontFile->root->size); // COOL This Works like a charm
 
 
+#endif
+
 #ifdef USERMODE_RELEASE
     // Lets jump into user mode
     jump_usermode();
 #else
     startSuperVisorTerminal();
+
 #endif
 
 }

kernel/klog.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+//
+// Created by nigel on 10/28/23.
+//
+#include "klog.h"
+#include "terminal/kterm.h"
+#include <CoreLib/Memory.h>
+
+const char* ForeGroundColourReset = "\e[39m";
+void print_dbg(const char* message, ...){
+    auto **arg = (unsigned char**)&message;
+    // Send it to the VGA
+    printf(message, arg);
+
+    // Now send the message to the serial
+    Serial com1= Serial({
+                        COM1,
+                        0x03,
+                        0x00
+                });
+
+    const char* ForeGroundColour = "\e[32m";
+    com1.write((void*)ForeGroundColour, strlen(ForeGroundColour));
+    com1.write((void*)message, strlen(message));
+    com1.write((void*)ForeGroundColourReset, strlen(ForeGroundColourReset));
+
+}
+
+
+void print_info(const char* message, ...){
+    auto **arg = (unsigned char**)&message;
+    // Send it to the VGA
+    printf(message, arg);
+
+    Serial com1 = Serial({
+        COM1,
+        0x03,
+        0x00
+    });
+
+    const char* ForeGroundColour = "\e[34m";
+    com1.write((void*)ForeGroundColour, strlen(ForeGroundColour));
+    com1.write((void*)message, strlen(message));
+    com1.write((void*)ForeGroundColourReset, strlen(ForeGroundColourReset));
+}
+void print_err(const char* message, ...){
+    auto **arg = (unsigned char**)&message;
+    // Send it to the VGA
+    printf(message, arg);
+    Serial com1 = Serial({
+                                 COM1,
+                                 0x03,
+                                 0x00
+                         });
+    const char* ForeGroundColour = "\e[31m";
+    com1.write((void*)ForeGroundColour, strlen(ForeGroundColour));
+    com1.write((void*)message, strlen(message));
+    com1.write((void*)ForeGroundColourReset, strlen(ForeGroundColourReset));
+}

kernel/klog.h

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//
+// Created by nigel on 10/28/23.
+//
+#pragma once
+
+#include "drivers/serial/serial.h"
+
+
+
+void print_dbg(const char* message, ...);
+void print_info(const char* message, ...);
+void print_err(const char* message, ...);

kernel/linker.ld

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ SECTIONS
 	.rodata ALIGN (4K) : AT (ADDR (.rodata) - 0xC0000000)
 	{
 		*(.rodata)
+		*(.symtab)
 	}
 	.data ALIGN (4K) : AT (ADDR (.data) - 0xC0000000)
 	{
@@ -36,6 +37,8 @@ SECTIONS
 		*(.bss)
 		*(.bootstrap_stack)
 	}
+
+
 	_kernel_end = .;
 	kernel_end = .; /* For legacy reasons */
 }

kernel/memory/VirtualMemoryManager.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #include "VirtualMemoryManager.h"
+#include "../../CoreLib/Memory.h"
+
 #define ALIGN(addr, align) (((addr) & ~((align) - 1 )) + (align))
 
 extern uint32_t boot_page_directory[1024] ; // points to the wrong location
@@ -14,7 +16,7 @@ void flush_cr3(){
 
 void AllocatePage(uint32_t vaddr)
 {
-    uint32_t page_aligned_address = ALIGN(vaddr, 4096);
+    //uint32_t page_aligned_address = ALIGN(vaddr, 4096);
 
     // allocate a page at  virtual address
     int PageDirectoryEntryIndex = vaddr >> 22;
@@ -54,16 +56,16 @@ void AllocatePage(uint32_t vaddr)
 
 void FreePage(uint32_t vaddr )
 {
-    uint32_t page_aligned_address = ALIGN(vaddr, 4096);
+    // uint32_t page_aligned_address = ALIGN(vaddr, 4096);
 
     // allocate a page at  virtual address
     int PageDirectoryEntryIndex = vaddr >> 22;
     int PageTableEntryIndex = (vaddr >> 12) & 0x1FFF;
 
-    uint32_t* pageTable = (uint32_t*)(boot_page_directory[PageDirectoryEntryIndex] & 0xFFFFE000 + 0xC0000000);
+    uint32_t* pageTable = (uint32_t*)(boot_page_directory[PageDirectoryEntryIndex] & (0xFFFFE000 + 0xC0000000));
 
 
-    void* physicalAddressToFree = (void*)(pageTable[PageTableEntryIndex] & 0xFFFFE000 + 0xC0000000);
+    void* physicalAddressToFree = (void*)(pageTable[PageTableEntryIndex] & (0xFFFFE000 + 0xC0000000));
     free_block(physicalAddressToFree);
 
     pageTable[PageTableEntryIndex] = 0x0;
@@ -80,9 +82,9 @@ void Immediate_Map (  uint32_t vaddr, uint32_t paddr)
     int PageTableEntryIndex = (vaddr >> 12) & 0x1FFF;
 
     printf("Map address at PDE 0x%x PTE  0x%x\n", PageDirectoryEntryIndex, PageTableEntryIndex);
-
-     if ((boot_page_directory - 0xC0000000)[PageDirectoryEntryIndex] & 0x1 ) 
-    {
+    printf("boot pagedirectoy address: 0x%x\n", &boot_page_directory);
+    printf("PDE : 0x%x\n", boot_page_directory[PageTableEntryIndex]);
+     if (boot_page_directory[PageDirectoryEntryIndex] & 0x1 ) {
         printf("Directory entry is marked as present\n");
 
     } else {
@@ -90,37 +92,39 @@ void Immediate_Map (  uint32_t vaddr, uint32_t paddr)
         // mark the page table as present and allocate a physical block for it
 
         void* new_page_dir = allocate_block();
-        printf("New page directory address 0x%x\n", new_page_dir);
+         memset(new_page_dir, 0 , 1024 * sizeof (uint32_t));
+        printf("New page directory address 0x%x\n", &new_page_dir);
         boot_page_directory[PageDirectoryEntryIndex] = (uint32_t)new_page_dir | 0x3;
-        
     }
 
     printf("PDE found at : 0x%x\n", (uint32_t) &boot_page_directory[PageDirectoryEntryIndex]);
-        uint32_t* page_table = (uint32_t*)(boot_page_directory[PageDirectoryEntryIndex] & 0xFFFFE000) ;
-        //page_table = (uint32_t*) ((uint32_t)page_table - 0xC0000000); // remove kernel offset
-        printf("Page table address: 0x%x\n", (uint32_t)page_table);
+    uint32_t* page_table = (uint32_t*)(boot_page_directory[PageDirectoryEntryIndex] & 0xFFFFE000) ;
+    printf("Page table address: 0x%x\n", (uint32_t)page_table);
 
-          // check if the page table entry is marked as present 
-        if ( page_table[PageTableEntryIndex] & 0x1 )
-        {   
-            printf("page already present!\n");
-            printf("Entry found at addr: 0x%x\n", &(page_table[PageTableEntryIndex]));
-        } else{
-            printf("Mapping a physical page.\n");
-            // Map the entry to a physical page
-            page_table[PageTableEntryIndex] = (uint32_t)(paddr | 0x3);
-        }
+      // check if the page table entry is marked as present
+    if ( page_table[PageTableEntryIndex] & 0x1 )
+    {
+        printf("page already present!\n");
+        printf("Entry found at addr: 0x%x\n", &(page_table[PageTableEntryIndex]));
+    } else{
+        printf("Mapping a physical page.\n");
+        // Map the entry to a physical page
+        page_table[PageTableEntryIndex] = (uint32_t)(paddr | 0x3);
+    }
 
 
-    asm ("cli; invlpg (%0); sti" :: "r" (vaddr) : "memory" );
+    asm ("invlpg (%0)" :: "r" (vaddr) : "memory" );
 }
 
+
+// NOT IMPLEMENTED
 void Immediate_Unmap(uint32_t vaddr)
 {
     // NOTE: I will implement lazy unmapping for now 
-    uint32_t page_aligned_address = ALIGN(vaddr, 4096);
+    //uint32_t page_aligned_address = ALIGN(vaddr, 4096);
 
     // allocate a page at  virtual address
-    int PageDirectoryEntryIndex = vaddr >> 22;
-    int PageTableEntryIndex = (vaddr >> 12) & 0x1FFF;
+    //int PageDirectoryEntryIndex = vaddr >> 22;
+    //int PageTableEntryIndex = (vaddr >> 12) & 0x1FFF;
+
 }

kernel/partitiontable/mbr/MasterBootRecord.h

@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once 
-#include <stdint.h>
-#include "PartitionTableEntry.h"
-
-struct MBR {
-    uint8_t code [440];
-    uint32_t uniqueID;
-    uint16_t Reserved;
-    PartitionTableEntry TableEntries[4];
-    uint16_t ValidBootsector;
-}__attribute__((packed));

kernel/pci/pci.h

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include "../io/io.h"
-#include "../../terminal/kterm.h"
+#include "../terminal/kterm.h"
 #include "pciDevice.h"
 
 // Configuration Space Access Mechanism #1

kernel/prekernel/prekernel.cpp

@@ -2,15 +2,16 @@
 #include <stddef.h>
 #include "multiboot.h"
 #include "../memory/PhysicalMemoryManager.h"
+#include "../memory/VirtualMemoryManager.h"
+#include "../acpi/acpi.h"
 
 #define CHECK_FLAG(flags, bit) ((flags) & (1 <<(bit)))
 #define VADDR_TO_PADDR(vaddr) (vaddr - 0xC0000000)
 #define PADDR_TO_VADDR(paddr) (paddr + 0xC0000000)
-
+BootInfoBlock* BIB;
 
 extern "C" void prekernelSetup  ( unsigned long magic, multiboot_info_t* mbi) 
 {
-
         /*
         * Check Multiboot magic number
         */ 
@@ -21,19 +22,13 @@ extern "C" void prekernelSetup  ( unsigned long magic, multiboot_info_t* mbi)
         }
 
         mbi = PADDR_TO_VADDR(mbi);
-
-        
-        // Setup the physical memory manager immmediatly 
-        // Doing so saves the complications of doing it later when 
-        // paging is enabled 
-
         /*
         If we got a memory map from our bootloader we 
         should be parsing it to find out the memory regions available.
         */
         if (CHECK_FLAG(mbi->flags, 6))
-        {  
-               
+        {
+
                 // Calculate total memory size 
                 uint32_t RAM_size = 0;
                 for(
@@ -57,6 +52,8 @@ extern "C" void prekernelSetup  ( unsigned long magic, multiboot_info_t* mbi)
                                 deallocate_region(mmap->addr, mmap->len);
                         if(mmap->type == MULTIBOOT_MEMORY_ACPI_RECLAIMABLE)
                                 allocate_region(mmap->addr, mmap->len);
+                                // memory map
+                                Immediate_Map(mmap->addr , mmap->addr);
                         if(mmap->type == MULTIBOOT_MEMORY_RESERVED)
                                 allocate_region(mmap->addr, mmap->len);
                         if(mmap->type == MULTIBOOT_MEMORY_NVS)
@@ -82,13 +79,14 @@ extern "C" void prekernelSetup  ( unsigned long magic, multiboot_info_t* mbi)
         }
 
         // allocate a full block for the other boot info!
-        BootInfoBlock* BIB = (BootInfoBlock*) allocate_block();
+        BIB = (BootInfoBlock*) allocate_block();
 
         
         /* is boot device valid ? */
         if (CHECK_FLAG (mbi->flags, 1))
         {
                 BIB->bootDeviceID = mbi->boot_device;
+
         } else{
                 BIB->bootDeviceID = 0x11111111;
         }
@@ -99,8 +97,6 @@ extern "C" void prekernelSetup  ( unsigned long magic, multiboot_info_t* mbi)
                 uint32_t i;
 
                 BIB->GrubModuleCount = mbi->mods_count;
-
-
                 for(i = 0, mod = (multiboot_module_t *) mbi->mods_addr; i < mbi->mods_count; i++ , mod++){
                         
                 }
@@ -135,6 +131,6 @@ extern "C" void prekernelSetup  ( unsigned long magic, multiboot_info_t* mbi)
 
                    // NOTE: Do something with it.. (Store it , process it etc...)
         } else{
-                BIB->EnabledVBE;
+                BIB->EnabledVBE  = false;
         }
 }

kernel/serial.h

@@ -1,58 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include "terminal/kterm.h"
-#include "drivers/io/io.h"
-#define PORT 0x3f8 
-static int init_serial() {
-
-#ifdef __VERBOSE__
-   printf("Init Serial\n");
-#endif
-   
-   outb(PORT + 1, 0x00);    // Disable all interrupts
-   outb(PORT + 3, 0x80);    // Enable DLAB (set baud rate divisor)
-   outb(PORT + 0, 0x03);    // Set divisor to 3 (lo byte) 38400 baud
-   outb(PORT + 1, 0x00);    //                  (hi byte)
-   outb(PORT + 3, 0x03);    // 8 bits, no parity, one stop bit
-   outb(PORT + 2, 0xC7);    // Enable FIFO, clear them, with 14-byte threshold
-   outb(PORT + 4, 0x0B);    // IRQs enabled, RTS/DSR set
-   outb(PORT + 4, 0x1E);    // Set in loopback mode, test the serial chip
-   outb(PORT + 0, 0xAE);    // Test serial chip (send byte 0xAE and check if serial returns same byte)
- 
-   // Check if serial is faulty (i.e: not same byte as sent)
-   if(inb(PORT + 0) != 0xAE) {
-      return 1;
-   }
- 
-   // If serial is not faulty set it in normal operation mode
-   // (not-loopback with IRQs enabled and OUT#1 and OUT#2 bits enabled)
-   outb(PORT + 4, 0x0F);
-   return 0;
-}
-
-inline int is_transmit_empty() {
-   return inb(PORT + 5) & 0x20;
-}
- 
-inline void write_serial(char a) {
-   while (is_transmit_empty() == 0);
- 
-   outb(PORT,a);
-}
-
-inline int serial_received() {
-   return inb(PORT + 5) & 1;
-}
- 
-inline char read_serial() {
-   while (serial_received() == 0);
- 
-   return inb(PORT);
-}
-
-inline void print_serial(const char* string ){
-    for(size_t i = 0; i < strlen(string); i ++){
-        write_serial(string[i]);
-    }
-}
-

kernel/storage/ata pio/ATAPIO.cpp

@@ -1,112 +1,9 @@
-#include "ataDevice.h"
-#define IS_BIT_SET(x, bit) ((x >> bit & 0x1) == 1) 
+#include "ATAPIO.h"
+#include "../../io/io.h"
 
-void ATA_DEVICE::Soft_Reset(uint8_t DEVICE_CHANNEL,DEVICE_DRIVE drive){
-        printf("Soft reseting drive...\n");
-        outb(channels[DEVICE_CHANNEL].base + 7 , 0x4);
-        // wait a bit..
-        for(int i = 0 ; i < 1000000; i++){
-            asm volatile("NOP");
-        }   
-        outb(channels[DEVICE_CHANNEL].base + 7 , 0x0);
+#define IS_BIT_SET(x, bit) ((x >> bit & 0x1) == 1)
 
-}
-
-void ATA_DEVICE::Identify(uint16_t DEVICE_CHANNEL,DEVICE_DRIVE drive ){
-    // lets ignore which port we actually want to check for now !
-
-    /*
-        THE STEPS INVOLVED
-
-        1. Select the target drive by sending master (0x0A) or slave (0x0B) to the 
-        drive select IO port
-
-        2. Set the Sectorcount, LBAlo, LBAmid and LBAhi IO ports to 0 
-
-        3. Send the identify command (0xEC) to the command IO port 
-
-        4. Read the status port 
-            4.2 If the value is 0x0 the drive does not exist
-            4.3 If it has any other value continue
-        5. poll the status port until bit 7 is clear.
-        6. Check if the LBAmid and LBAhi ports are non-zero
-            6.2. If non-zero stop polling this is not an ATA device
-            6.3 If zero continue
-        
-        7. poll status port until bit 3 is set or bit 0 is set
-
-        8. if err is clear, read the data from the data port 
-
-
-    */
-
-   
-    //printf("channel selected: 0x%x", DEVICE_CHANNEL);
-    // Assuming Master here 
-    // Select the target drive
-    outb(DEVICE_CHANNEL | 6, drive); // on the primary bus select the master drive
-    outb(DEVICE_CHANNEL | 6 , 0x0); // write 0 to the controlport for some reason
-
-    outb(DEVICE_CHANNEL | 6, drive);
-    uint8_t status = inb(DEVICE_CHANNEL | 7 );
-    if(status == 0x00){
-        printf("No drive\n");
-        return;
-    }
-    // send the identify command;
-    outb(DEVICE_CHANNEL | 7, 0xEC);
-
-  
-   // set the sectorCount, LBAlo, LBAmid, LBA,hi IO ports to 0
-   outb(DEVICE_CHANNEL | 2, 0);
-
-   outb(DEVICE_CHANNEL | 3, 0);
-
-   outb(DEVICE_CHANNEL | 4, 0);
-
-   outb(DEVICE_CHANNEL | 5, 0);
-
-   // send the identify command ;
-   //printf("command sent!\n");
-   outb(DEVICE_CHANNEL | 7 , 0xEC);
-
-   // read the status port 
-   uint8_t status2 = inb(DEVICE_CHANNEL | 7);
-   if( status2 == 0x00){
-       printf("No drive\n");
-       return;
-   }
-
-   //printf("Waiting until ready...\n");
-   while(((status2 & 0x80 == 0x80) 
-   && (status2 & 0x01) != 0x01)
-   ) status2 = inb(DEVICE_CHANNEL | 7);
-
-   if( status2 & 0x01){
-       printf("Error!\n");
-       return ;
-   }
-
-    uint16_t deviceIdentify [256] = {0};
-
-    for ( int i = 0; i < 256; i++){
-        uint16_t data;
-        asm volatile ("inw %1, %0" : "=a"(data): "Nd"(DEVICE_CHANNEL));
-
-        deviceIdentify[i] = data;
-    }
-
-
-    printf("Model-label (ASCII hex): ");
-    for(int i = 27; i < 47; i++){
-        kterm_put((char)(deviceIdentify[i] >> 8));
-        kterm_put((char)(deviceIdentify[i] & 0x00FF));
-    }
-    kterm_put('\n');
-
-}
-
-void ATA_DEVICE::Read(uint16_t DEVICE_CHANNEL,  DEVICE_DRIVE drive, uint32_t LBA, uint16_t* buffer) {
+void ATAPIO::Read(uint16_t DEVICE_CHANNEL,  DEVICE_DRIVE drive, uint32_t LBA, uint16_t* buffer) {
     /*
     Assume you have a sectorcount byte and a 28 bit LBA value. A sectorcount of 0 means 256 sectors = 128K.
 
@@ -188,6 +85,115 @@ void ATA_DEVICE::Read(uint16_t DEVICE_CHANNEL,  DEVICE_DRIVE drive, uint32_t LBA
 
 }
 
-void ATA_DEVICE::Write(uint16_t DEVICE_CHANNEL, DEVICE_DRIVE drive) {
+void ATAPIO::Write(uint16_t data, DEVICE_DRIVE dev){
+
     printf("Not implemented\n");
-}
+
+}
+
+bool ATAPIO::Identify(ATAPIO_PORT DEVICE_CHANNEL, DEVICE_DRIVE drive ){
+    // lets ignore which port we actually want to check for now !
+
+    /*
+        THE STEPS INVOLVED
+
+        1. Select the target drive by sending master (0x0A) or slave (0x0B) to the
+        drive select IO port
+
+        2. Set the Sectorcount, LBAlo, LBAmid and LBAhi IO ports to 0
+
+        3. Send the identify command (0xEC) to the command IO port
+
+        4. Read the status port
+            4.2 If the value is 0x0 the drive does not exist
+            4.3 If it has any other value continue
+        5. poll the status port until bit 7 is clear.
+        6. Check if the LBAmid and LBAhi ports are non-zero
+            6.2. If non-zero stop polling this is not an ATA device
+            6.3 If zero continue
+
+        7. poll status port until bit 3 is set or bit 0 is set
+
+        8. if err is clear, read the data from the data port
+
+
+    */
+
+
+    //printf("channel selected: 0x%x", DEVICE_CHANNEL);
+    // Assuming Master here
+    // Select the target drive
+    outb(DEVICE_CHANNEL | 6, drive); // on the primary bus select the master drive
+    outb(DEVICE_CHANNEL | 6 , 0x0); // write 0 to the controlport for some reason
+    outb(DEVICE_CHANNEL | 6, drive);
+    uint8_t status = inb(DEVICE_CHANNEL | 7 );
+    if(status == 0x00){
+        printf("No drive\n");
+        return false;
+    }
+    // send the identify command;
+    outb(DEVICE_CHANNEL | 7, 0xEC);
+
+
+    // set the sectorCount, LBAlo, LBAmid, LBA,hi IO ports to 0
+    outb(DEVICE_CHANNEL | 2, 0);
+
+    outb(DEVICE_CHANNEL | 3, 0);
+
+    outb(DEVICE_CHANNEL | 4, 0);
+
+    outb(DEVICE_CHANNEL | 5, 0);
+
+    // send the identify command ;
+    //printf("command sent!\n");
+    outb(DEVICE_CHANNEL | 7 , 0xEC);
+
+    // read the status port
+    uint8_t status2 = inb(DEVICE_CHANNEL | 7);
+    if( status2 == 0x00){
+        printf("No drive\n");
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    //printf("Waiting until ready...\n");
+    while(((status2 & 0x80 == 0x80)
+           && (status2 & 0x01) != 0x01)
+            ) status2 = inb(DEVICE_CHANNEL | 7);
+
+    if( status2 & 0x01){
+        printf("Error!\n");
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    uint16_t deviceIdentify [256] = {0};
+
+    for ( int i = 0; i < 256; i++){
+        uint16_t data;
+        asm volatile ("inw %1, %0" : "=a"(data): "Nd"(DEVICE_CHANNEL));
+
+        deviceIdentify[i] = data;
+    }
+
+
+    printf("Model-label (ASCII hex): ");
+    for(int i = 27; i < 47; i++){
+        kterm_put((char)(deviceIdentify[i] >> 8));
+        kterm_put((char)(deviceIdentify[i] & 0x00FF));
+    }
+    kterm_put('\n');
+    return true;
+}
+
+void ATAPIO::Soft_Reset(ATAPIO_PORT DEVICE_CHANNEL, DEVICE_DRIVE drive){
+    printf("Soft reseting drive...\n");
+    outb(DEVICE_CHANNEL + 7 , 0x4);
+    // wait a bit..
+    for(int i = 0 ; i < 1000000; i++){
+        asm volatile("NOP");
+    }
+    outb(DEVICE_CHANNEL + 7 , 0x0);
+
+}
+
+
+

kernel/storage/ata pio/ATAPIO.h

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <stdint-gcc.h>
+#include "../ide/ideCommands.h"
+#include "../ide/sampleIDE.definitions.h"
+#include "../../devices/BlockDevice.h"
+#include "../../terminal/kterm.h"
+
+/*
+* This first driver wil make use of IO ports.
+* Doing so means reading or writing from disk is going
+* to be very cpu intensive.
+*/
+
+enum DEVICE_DRIVE{
+    MASTER = 0xA0,
+    SLAVE = 0xB0
+};
+
+
+enum  ATAPIO_PORT {
+    Primary = 0x1f0,
+    Secondary = 0x170
+};
+
+
+
+class ATAPIO
+{
+public:
+    static bool Identify(ATAPIO_PORT, DEVICE_DRIVE);
+    static void Read (uint16_t, DEVICE_DRIVE, uint32_t, uint16_t*);
+    static void Write(uint16_t, DEVICE_DRIVE);
+    static void Soft_Reset(ATAPIO_PORT , DEVICE_DRIVE );
+};
+
+

kernel/storage/atapi/atapiDevice.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 #include <stdint.h>
-#include "../io/io.h"
+#include "../../io/io.h"
 #include "../ide/ideCommands.h"
 #include "../ide/sampleIDE.definitions.h"
 

kernel/storage/filesystems/FAT/FAT.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,404 @@
+//
+// Created by nigel on 21/02/23.
+//
+#include "FAT.h"
+#include "../../ata pio/ATAPIO.h"
+#include "../../../memory/KernelHeap.h"
+#include "../../partitiontables/mbr/MasterBootRecord.h"
+#include "../../../../CoreLib/ctype.h"
+#include "../../../../CoreLib/Memory.h"
+#include <CoreLib/Memory.h>
+#include <CoreLib/ctype.h>
+
+// exposed driver API
+FS_SUPER* FAT::Mount(filesystem *fs, const char* name , vfsmount *mnt)
+{
+
+    if( strncmp (fs->name, "fat", 3 ) != 0 )
+    {
+        printf("Can't mount filesystem with none fat type!\n");
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    auto* bpb =  GetBiosParameterBlock();
+    auto fat_type = DetermineFATType(bpb);
+
+    if(fat_type != FAT_TYPE::FAT16)
+        return nullptr;
+
+    FS_SUPER* sb = (FS_SUPER*) malloc(sizeof(FS_SUPER));
+    DirectoryNode* root = (DirectoryNode*) malloc(sizeof (DirectoryNode));
+    inode* node = (inode*) malloc(sizeof(inode));
+
+    root->children = nullptr;
+    node->internal = (void*)FAT::GetSectorOfRootDirectory(bpb); //sector number;
+    node->lookup = FAT::Lookup;
+    root->name = (char*) name;
+    root->node = node;
+    root->parent = nullptr;
+    root->compare = FAT::Compare;
+    mnt->mnt_count =1;
+    mnt->mnt_devname = "QEMU HDD";
+    mnt->mnt_flags = 0;
+    mnt->mnt_parent = nullptr;
+    mnt->root = root;
+    mnt->sb = sb;
+    sb->type = fs;
+    sb->root = root;
+    sb->fs_info = bpb;
+
+    return sb;
+}
+FILE FAT::Open(char* filename){
+
+    return (FILE){nullptr, 0, nullptr, nullptr, 1} ;
+}
+int FAT::Read(FILE* file, void* buffer , unsigned int length)
+{
+
+    if(file == nullptr)
+    {
+        printf("NO FILE!!\n");
+        return -1;
+    }
+    inode* node = file->root;
+
+    if(node== nullptr)
+    {
+        printf("No INODE!\n");
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    int cluster = (int)node->internal;
+    auto* bpb = FAT::GetBiosParameterBlock();
+
+    unsigned int FAT_entry = FAT::GetFATEntry(bpb, cluster);
+    unsigned int root_dir_sector = FAT::RootDirSize(bpb);
+    unsigned int fat_size = bpb->FATSz16;
+    unsigned int first_data_sector = bpb->RsvdSecCnt + (bpb->NumFATs * fat_size) + root_dir_sector;
+    unsigned int file_data_sector = ((cluster - 2) * bpb->SecPerClus) + first_data_sector;
+
+    ATAPIO::Read(ATAPIO_PORT::Primary, DEVICE_DRIVE::MASTER, file_data_sector, (uint16_t*)buffer);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int FAT::Write(FILE* file, const void* buffer, unsigned int length)
+{
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int FAT::Compare (DirectoryNode*, char* filename, char* filename2)
+{
+    //TODO Implement proper compare method for 8.3 filenames
+   // printf("COMPARE: %s with %s\n", filename, filename2);
+    return memcmp(filename, filename2, 11);
+}
+
+int FAT::Create(inode* dir_node, inode** target, const char* component_name){}
+
+DirectoryNode* FAT::Lookup (inode* currentDir , DirectoryNode*  dir)
+{
+
+    uint16_t data[256];
+    ATAPIO::Read(ATAPIO_PORT::Primary, DEVICE_DRIVE::MASTER, (int)currentDir->internal , data);
+
+    List* lastAdded = nullptr;
+    auto* directory = (DIR*)data;
+    for(int i = 0; i < sizeof(data) / sizeof (DIR); i++)
+    {
+        DIR* entry = (DIR*)((uint32_t)directory + (i * sizeof(DIR)));
+
+
+        if(
+            entry->Name[0] == FAT::FREE_DIR ||
+            entry->ATTR & FAT::ATTRIBUTES::ATTR_VOLUME_ID ||
+            entry->ATTR & FAT::ATTRIBUTES::ATTR_SYSTEM ||
+            entry->ATTR & FAT::ATTRIBUTES::ATTR_HIDDEN
+        ){
+            continue;
+        }
+
+
+        if( entry->ATTR & FAT::ATTRIBUTES::ATTR_DIRECTORY){
+            printf("entry in directory\n");
+            for(int i = 0; i < 11 ;i ++)
+                kterm_put(entry->Name[i]);
+            kterm_put('\n');
+        }
+
+
+
+
+        if( entry->Name[0] == FAT::FREE_DIR_2 )
+            break;
+
+        auto* dirNode = (DirectoryNode*) malloc(sizeof (DirectoryNode));
+
+        char* name = (char*)malloc(sizeof(char[11]));
+        memcpy(name, entry->Name, 11 );
+        dirNode->name = name;
+        dirNode->compare = dir->compare;
+        dirNode->parent = dir;
+
+        dirNode->node= (inode*) malloc(sizeof (inode));
+        dirNode->node->internal = (void*)entry->FstClusLo;
+
+        dirNode->node->read = currentDir->read;
+        dirNode->node->lookup = currentDir->lookup;
+        dirNode->node->sb = currentDir->sb;
+        dirNode->node->size = entry->FileSize;
+
+        List* dirlist = (List*) malloc(sizeof (List));
+        dirlist->data = dirNode;
+        dirlist->next = nullptr;
+
+        lastAdded = dirlist;
+        auto* temp = dir->children;
+        dir->children = lastAdded;
+        lastAdded->next = temp;
+
+
+    }
+
+    return (DirectoryNode*)dir;
+}
+
+// internal functions
+FAT_TYPE FAT::DetermineFATType(BiosParameterBlock* bpb){
+    int RootDirSector = ((bpb->RootEntCnt * 32) + (bpb->BytsPerSec -1)) / bpb->BytsPerSec;
+    int FATSz = 0;
+    if(bpb->FATSz16 != 0){
+        FATSz = bpb->FATSz16;
+    } else{
+       // FATSz = bpb->FATSz32;
+
+    }
+    int TotSec = 0;
+    if(bpb->TotSec16 != 0){
+        TotSec= bpb->TotSec16;
+    }else{
+        TotSec = bpb->TotSec32;
+    }
+
+    int DataSec = TotSec - (bpb->RsvdSecCnt + (bpb->NumFATs * FATSz) + RootDirSector);
+    int CountofClusters = DataSec / bpb->SecPerClus;
+
+    if(CountofClusters < 4085){
+        return FAT_TYPE::FAT12;
+    } else if (CountofClusters < 65525) {
+        return FAT_TYPE::FAT16;
+    } else{
+        return FAT_TYPE::FAT32;
+    }
+};
+BiosParameterBlock* FAT::GetBiosParameterBlock(bool DEBUG  ){
+    BiosParameterBlock* bpb = (BiosParameterBlock*) malloc(sizeof(BiosParameterBlock));
+    uint16_t StartAddress = 0x00 ;
+    ATAPIO::Read(ATAPIO_PORT::Primary, DEVICE_DRIVE::MASTER, StartAddress, (uint16_t*) bpb);
+
+    if(DEBUG)
+    {
+        printf("OEM ID: %s\n", bpb->OEMName);
+        printf("Bytes per sector: %d\n", bpb->BytsPerSec);
+        printf("Sectors per cluster: %d\n", bpb->SecPerClus);
+        printf("Reserved sectors: %d\n", bpb->RsvdSecCnt);
+        printf("Number of FAT: %d\n", bpb->NumFATs);
+        printf("Number of Dir entries: %d\n", bpb->RootEntCnt);
+        printf("Total Sectors in volume: %d\n", bpb->TotSec16 == 0 ? bpb->TotSec32 : bpb->TotSec16);
+        printf("Sectors per FAT: %d\n", bpb->FATSz16 );
+    }
+
+    return bpb;
+}
+uint16_t FAT::GetFATEntry (BiosParameterBlock* bpb, unsigned int cluster){
+    int FATSz = bpb->FATSz16;
+    int FATOffset = 0;
+    FAT_TYPE type = FAT::DetermineFATType(bpb);
+    if( type == FAT_TYPE::FAT16){
+        FATOffset = cluster *2;
+    } else if( type == FAT_TYPE::FAT32){
+        FATOffset = cluster * 4;
+    }
+    int thisFATSecNum = bpb->RsvdSecCnt + (FATOffset / bpb->BytsPerSec); // Sector number containing the entry for the cluster
+
+    // For any other FAT other than the default
+    // SectorNumber = (FATNumber * FATSz) + ThisFATSecNum
+
+    uint16_t buff[bpb->BytsPerSec];
+    ATAPIO::Read(ATAPIO_PORT::Primary, DEVICE_DRIVE::MASTER, thisFATSecNum, buff );
+    int thisFATEntOffset = FATOffset % bpb->BytsPerSec; // offset  for the entry in the sector containing the entry for the cluster
+    uint16_t ClusterEntryValue = 0;
+    // Get the FATEntry
+    if(type == FAT_TYPE::FAT16){
+        return *((uint16_t*) &buff[thisFATEntOffset]);
+
+    }
+    else{
+        // FAT32 logic
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+}
+uint16_t FAT::DetermineFreeSpace()
+{
+    // Loop through all FAT entries in all FAT's
+    // to construct a list of free/available clusters
+    // Free clusters are recorded with all 0's except on FAT32 where
+    // the highest order 4 bits should be ignored.
+
+/*
+ * The number of sectors reserved for each FAT (count of sectors in the BPB_FATSz16 or
+BPB_FATSz32 fields) may be bigger than the actual number of sectors required for
+containing the entire FAT. Therefore, there may be totally unused FAT sectors at the end of
+each FAT in the FAT region of the volume. Each implementation must determine the value
+for the last valid sector in the FAT using CountOfClusters (the last valid sector in the FAT
+is the one containing the FAT entry numbered CountOfClusters + 1).
+All sectors reserved for the FAT beyond the last valid sector (defined as the one containing
+the FAT entry for the last cluster) must be set to 0x0 during volume initialization/format.
+ */
+
+
+}
+int FAT::GetSectorOfRootDirectory (BiosParameterBlock* bpb)
+{
+   return (bpb->RsvdSecCnt + (bpb->NumFATs * bpb->FATSz16));
+}
+unsigned int FAT::RootDirSize(BiosParameterBlock* bpb)
+{
+    return ((bpb->RootEntCnt * 32) + (bpb->BytsPerSec -1)) /bpb->BytsPerSec;
+
+}
+void FAT::OpenSubdir(DIR* directory, BiosParameterBlock* bpb ){
+
+    unsigned int cluster = directory->FstClusLo;
+    printf("Listing contents of " );
+
+     for(unsigned char n : directory->Name){
+         if(n == 0x20)
+             continue;
+         kterm_put(n);
+     }
+    kterm_put('\n');
+    printf("FsCluHi: 0x%x , FsCluLo: 0x%x\n", directory->FstClusHi, directory->FstClusLo);
+    printf("Cluster: 0x%x\n", cluster);
+    unsigned int FATEntry = FAT::GetFATEntry(bpb, cluster);
+    printf("FAT_Entry: 0x%x\n", FATEntry);
+
+    unsigned int root_dir_sectors = FAT::RootDirSize(bpb);
+    unsigned int fat_size = bpb->FATSz16;
+    unsigned int first_data_sector = bpb->RsvdSecCnt + ( bpb->NumFATs * fat_size) + root_dir_sectors;
+    unsigned int first_directory_sector = ((cluster - 2) * bpb->SecPerClus) + first_data_sector;
+    printf("Directory first sector 0x%x\n" , first_directory_sector);
+    uint16_t data[256];
+    ATAPIO::Read(ATAPIO_PORT::Primary, DEVICE_DRIVE::MASTER, first_directory_sector, data);
+
+    auto* directoryContents = (DIR*) data;
+    for(int i = 0; i < sizeof(data) / sizeof(DIR); i++){
+        DIR* entry = (DIR*)((uint32_t)directoryContents + (i * sizeof(DIR)));
+
+        if(entry->Name[0] == FAT::FREE_DIR || entry->Name[0] == FAT::FREE_DIR_2 || entry->Name[0] == 0xE5)
+            continue;
+
+        if(entry->ATTR & FAT::ATTRIBUTES::ATTR_HIDDEN){
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if(entry->ATTR & FAT::ATTRIBUTES::ATTR_SYSTEM)
+            continue;
+
+
+        if(entry->ATTR & FAT::ATTRIBUTES::ATTR_VOLUME_ID){
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if (!(entry->ATTR & FAT::ATTRIBUTES::ATTR_LONG_NAME)){
+            for(char n : entry->Name){
+                if(n == 0x20)
+                    continue;
+                kterm_put(n);
+            }
+            kterm_put('\n');
+        }else{
+            printf("LFN\n");
+        }
+
+    }
+
+}
+void FAT::ReadFileContents(DIR* fileEntry , BiosParameterBlock* bpb){
+    unsigned int cluster = fileEntry->FstClusLo;
+    printf("cluster NR: %x\n", cluster);
+    unsigned int FATEntry = FAT::GetFATEntry(bpb, cluster);
+    unsigned int root_dir_sectors = FAT::RootDirSize(bpb);
+    unsigned int fat_size = bpb->FATSz16;
+    unsigned int first_data_sector = bpb->RsvdSecCnt + (bpb->NumFATs * fat_size) + root_dir_sectors;
+    unsigned int file_data_sector = ((cluster -2) * bpb->SecPerClus) + first_data_sector;
+    printf("FAT entry = %x\n", FATEntry);
+    uint16_t data[256];
+    ATAPIO::Read(ATAPIO_PORT::Primary, DEVICE_DRIVE::MASTER, file_data_sector, data);
+
+    for (unsigned short n : data)
+    {
+        kterm_put(n & 0x00ff);
+        kterm_put(n >> 8);
+    }
+    kterm_put('\n');
+
+}
+void FAT::ListRootDirectoryContents(BiosParameterBlock* bpb){
+    int total_sectors = bpb->TotSec32;
+    int fat_size = bpb->FATSz16;
+    int root_dir_sectors = FAT::RootDirSize(bpb);
+    int first_data_sector = bpb->RsvdSecCnt + (bpb->NumFATs * fat_size) + root_dir_sectors ;
+    int data_sectors = bpb->TotSec32 - (bpb->RsvdSecCnt + (bpb->NumFATs * fat_size) + root_dir_sectors);
+    int total_clusters = data_sectors / bpb->SecPerClus;
+
+
+    int first_root_dir_sector = first_data_sector - root_dir_sectors;
+    //int first_sector_of_cluster = ((cluster - 2) * bpb->SecPerClus) + first_data_sector;
+    uint16_t data[256];
+    ATAPIO::Read(ATAPIO_PORT::Primary, DEVICE_DRIVE::MASTER, first_root_dir_sector, data);
+
+    auto* RootDirectory = (DIR*)data;
+    for(int i = 0; i < sizeof(data) / sizeof (DIR); i++)
+    {
+        DIR* entry = (DIR*)((uint32_t)RootDirectory + (i * sizeof(DIR)));
+
+
+        if(entry->Name[0] == FAT::FREE_DIR || entry->Name[0] == FAT::FREE_DIR_2 || entry->Name[0] == 0xE5){
+            continue;
+        }
+
+
+        if(entry->ATTR & FAT::ATTRIBUTES::ATTR_HIDDEN){
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if(entry->ATTR & FAT::ATTRIBUTES::ATTR_SYSTEM)
+            continue;
+
+
+        if(entry->ATTR & FAT::ATTRIBUTES::ATTR_VOLUME_ID){
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (!(entry->ATTR & FAT::ATTRIBUTES::ATTR_LONG_NAME)){
+            for(char n : entry->Name){
+                if(n == 0x20)
+                    continue;
+                kterm_put(n);
+            }
+        }else{
+            printf("Long file name detected!");
+        }
+
+        printf(" [Size: %d bytes, Attributes: %d]\n", entry->ATTR, entry->FileSize);
+        if(entry->ATTR & FAT::ATTRIBUTES::ATTR_DIRECTORY ){
+            FAT::OpenSubdir(entry, bpb);
+        } else {
+            FAT::ReadFileContents(entry, bpb);
+        }
+
+    }
+}
+
+

kernel/storage/filesystems/FAT/FAT.h

@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+//
+// Created by nigel on 21/02/23.
+//
+#pragma once
+#include "../../vfs/vfs_types.h"
+#include "../../vfs/vfs_types.h"
+#include "../../partitiontables/mbr/MasterBootRecord.h"
+
+struct ExtendedBootRecord_FAT16{
+    uint8_t DrvNum;
+    uint8_t Reserved1;
+    uint8_t BootSig;
+    const uint32_t VolID;
+    uint8_t VolLab [11];
+    uint8_t FilSysType [8];
+    uint8_t bootCode [448];
+    uint16_t Signature_word;
+    uint8_t SecRmndr[512];
+}__attribute__((packed));
+
+struct BiosParameterBlock {
+    uint8_t jmpBoot[3];
+    uint8_t OEMName [8];
+    uint16_t  BytsPerSec ; // I suspect would be 512
+    uint8_t SecPerClus ;
+    uint16_t RsvdSecCnt;
+    uint8_t NumFATs; // Probably equals 2
+    uint16_t RootEntCnt; // Root directory must contain entire sectors
+    uint16_t TotSec16 ; // 0 means >65535 sectors in volume , actual count can be found in LargeSectorCount
+    uint8_t Media ; // Indication the media descriptor type
+    uint16_t FATSz16;// only in FAT12 / FAT 16
+    uint16_t SecPerTrk;
+    uint16_t NumHeads;
+    uint32_t HiddSec;
+    uint32_t TotSec32;
+    ExtendedBootRecord_FAT16 ebpb;
+}__attribute__((packed));
+
+struct DIR {
+    uint8_t Name [11];
+    uint8_t ATTR ;
+    uint8_t NTRes;
+    uint8_t CrtTimeTenth; // File Creation time component - count of tenths of a second (between 0 and 199)
+    uint16_t CrtTime; // Creation time. Granularity is 2 seconds
+    uint16_t CrtDate; // Creation date.
+    uint16_t LstAccDate; // Last Access Date (Last read or write date)
+    uint16_t FstClusHi; // High Word of first data cluster for file/directory described
+    uint16_t WrtTime; // Last Modification time | Must equal CrtTime
+    uint16_t WrtDate; // Last Modification date |  Must equal CrtDate
+    uint16_t FstClusLo; // Low word of first data cluster for file/directory described
+    uint32_t FileSize; // size in bytes of file/directory described
+}__attribute__((packed));
+
+
+enum struct FAT_TYPE{
+    FAT12,
+    FAT16,
+    FAT32,
+    VFAT,
+    UNKOWN
+};
+
+class FAT {
+public:
+
+    // Wanted API for vfs
+    static FILE Open(char* filename);
+    static int close(FILE* file);
+    static int Read(FILE* file, void* buffer , unsigned  int length);
+    static int Write(FILE* file, const void* buffer, unsigned int length);
+    static int Create(inode* dir_node, inode** target, const char* component_name);
+    static DirectoryNode* Lookup(inode* , DirectoryNode*);
+    static int Compare(DirectoryNode* , char *filename, char *filename2);
+    static FS_SUPER* Mount(filesystem* fs, const char* name , vfsmount* mount);
+
+    static const int FREE = 0x0000;
+    static const int ALLOCATED = 0x0002;
+    static const int BAD = 0xFFF7;
+    static const int EOF = 0xFFFF;
+
+    static const int ClnShutBitMask = 0x8000;
+    static const int HrdErrBitMask = 0x4000;
+
+    static const char DOS_TRAILING_SPACE = 0x20;
+    static const char FREE_DIR = 0xE5; // If KANJI charset 0x05
+    static const char FREE_DIR_2 = 0x00; // All directories after this are free including this one
+    static void ListRootDirectoryContents(BiosParameterBlock* bpb );
+    static BiosParameterBlock* GetBiosParameterBlock(bool DEBUG =false );
+
+
+    enum ATTRIBUTES {
+        ATTR_READ_ONLY = 0x01,
+        ATTR_HIDDEN = 0x02,
+        ATTR_SYSTEM = 0x04,
+        ATTR_VOLUME_ID = 0x08,
+        ATTR_DIRECTORY = 0x10,
+        ATTR_ARCHIVE = 0x20,
+        ATTR_LONG_NAME = (ATTR_READ_ONLY | ATTR_HIDDEN | ATTR_SYSTEM | ATTR_VOLUME_ID)
+    };
+
+private:
+
+    static FAT_TYPE DetermineFATType(BiosParameterBlock* bpb);
+    static uint16_t GetFATEntry(BiosParameterBlock*, unsigned int);
+    static uint16_t DetermineFreeSpace();
+    static int GetSectorOfRootDirectory(BiosParameterBlock*);
+    static unsigned int RootDirSize(BiosParameterBlock*);
+    static void OpenSubdir (DIR*, BiosParameterBlock*);
+    static void ReadFileContents(DIR *fileEntry, BiosParameterBlock *bpb);
+
+    enum ENTRY_SIZE {
+        FAT12 = 12,
+        FAT16 = 16,
+        FAT32 = 32
+    };
+
+
+
+};

kernel/storage/filesystems/FAT/msdosDate.h

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+//
+// Created by nigel on 23/02/23.
+//
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "../../../terminal/kterm.h"
+#include "../../../memory/KernelHeap.h"
+#include "../../../../CoreLib/Memory.h"
+
+// Date Format
+// [0..4] Day
+// [5..8] Month
+// [9..15] Year
+class MSDOSDATE {
+    static void ParseDate(unsigned int date){
+        printf("Date (hex) 0x%x\n", date);
+        unsigned int year = (date >> 9 )+ 1980;
+        unsigned int month = (date & 0xf0   ) >> 4;
+        unsigned int day = date & 0xf ;
+        printf("Date: (D,M,Y) %d, %d ,%d\n", day , month, year );
+    }
+};
+
+
+
+// Time Format
+// [0..4] Seconds
+// [5..10] Minute
+// [11..15] Hour
+class MSDOSTIME {
+    static void ParseTime(unsigned int time)
+    {
+        printf("Time (hex) 0x%x\n", time);
+        unsigned int seconds =  ( time & 0x0f) * 2;
+        unsigned int minutes = (time & 0xf0);
+        unsigned int hours = (time & 0xf00);
+        printf("Time (H:M:S) %d:%d:%d\n", hours, minutes, seconds);
+    }
+};
+
+

kernel/storage/ide/ide.h

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 #pragma once
-#include <stdint.h> 
-#include "../pci/pciDevice.h"
-#include "../pci/pci.h"
+#include <stdint-gcc.h>
 #include "../../terminal/kterm.h"
 #include "ideCommands.h"
 #include "sampleIDE.h"
+#include "../../pci/pciDevice.h"
+#include "../../pci/pci.h"
 
 #define IS_BIT_SET(x, bit) ((x >> bit & 0x1) == 1) 
 

kernel/storage/ide/sampleIDE.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #pragma once
-#include <stdint.h> 
+#include <stdint-gcc.h>
 #include "../../terminal/kterm.h"
 #include "sampleIDE.definitions.h"
 #include "ideCommands.h"
@@ -239,4 +239,20 @@ inline void Detect_IO_Ports(uint32_t BAR0, uint32_t BAR1,uint32_t BAR2, uint32_t
     channels[ATA_PRIMARY  ].bmide = (BAR4 & (~1)) + 0; // Bus Master IDE
     channels[ATA_SECONDARY].bmide = (BAR4 & (~1)) + 8; // Bus Master IDE
 
+}
+
+
+bool driveAvailable(){
+    int devNumber = 0;
+    for ( auto device : ide_devices){
+        if(!device.Reserved)
+            continue;
+        devNumber++;
+    }
+
+
+    // FIXME: If no drive is connected we continue trying to read from
+    // a not connected drive!
+    //ATAPIO::Identify((uint16_t) BUS_PORT::Primary, DEVICE_DRIVE::MASTER);
+    return true;
 }

kernel/storage/partitions/partitionManager.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+//
+// Created by nigel on 23/02/23.
+//
+
+#include "partitionManager.h"
+
+bool partitionManager::Validate( )
+{
+
+    //auto* bootParams = getBPB(this, true);
+
+    //if(bootParams->OEM_id) {
+    //    return true;
+    //}
+
+    return true;
+
+}

kernel/storage/partitions/partitionManager.h

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//
+// Created by nigel on 23/02/23.
+//
+#pragma once
+
+class partitionManager {
+public:
+    static bool Validate();
+
+};
+

kernel/storage/partitiontables/mbr/MasterBootRecord.h

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#pragma once 
+#include <stdint-gcc.h>
+#include "PartitionTableEntry.h"
+#include "../../../memory/KernelHeap.h"
+#include "../../ata pio/ATAPIO.h"
+
+struct MBR {
+    uint8_t code [440];
+    uint32_t uniqueID;
+    uint16_t Reserved;
+    struct PartitionTableEntry TableEntries[4];
+    uint16_t ValidBootsector;
+}__attribute__((packed));
+
+
+inline MBR* GetPartitions(bool DEBUG = false){
+    const int C = 0;
+    const int H = 0;
+    const int HPC = 16;
+    const int SPT = 63;
+
+    int S =1;
+    uint32_t LBA = (C*HPC+H) * SPT + (S-1);
+
+    uint16_t* mbr =(uint16_t*) malloc(sizeof (MBR));
+
+    ATAPIO::Read(ATAPIO_PORT::Primary, DEVICE_DRIVE::MASTER, LBA,  mbr );
+    auto bootRecord = (MBR*)(mbr);
+
+    printf("MBR (In Memory) Address 0x%x, Size = %d\n", bootRecord, sizeof (MBR));
+    if(DEBUG){
+        printf("BootSector: 0x%x\n", bootRecord->ValidBootsector );
+        for( int i = 0 ; i < 4 ; i ++){
+            PartitionTableEntry PT = bootRecord->TableEntries[i];
+
+            printf("Partition %d [  %d sectors,  PartitionType: 0x%x, 0x%x, \nLBA Start: 0x%x ]\n" ,
+                   i, PT.Number_sectors_inPartition, PT.PartitionType, bootRecord->uniqueID,  PT.LBA_partition_start );
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    return bootRecord;
+}

kernel/storage/vfs/vfs.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+#include "vfs.h"
+#include <stdint-gcc.h>
+#include "../../memory/KernelHeap.h"
+#include "../ata pio/ATAPIO.h"
+#include "../partitiontables/mbr/MasterBootRecord.h"
+#include "../filesystems/FAT/FAT.h"
+#include "vfs_types.h"
+#include "../../../CoreLib/Memory.h"
+#include <CoreLib/Memory.h>
+
+vfsmount* VirtualFileSystem::rootfs;
+int VirtualFileSystem::mount_number = 0;
+int VirtualFileSystem::superblock_number =0;
+int VirtualFileSystem::filesystem_number =0;
+
+filesystem* VirtualFileSystem::filesystems[4];
+FS_SUPER* VirtualFileSystem::superblocks[8];
+vfsmount* VirtualFileSystem::mounts[12];
+
+void VirtualFileSystem::Mount(filesystem* fs, const char* name)
+{
+
+    vfsmount* mnt_point = (vfsmount*) malloc(sizeof(vfsmount));
+    FS_SUPER* sb = fs->mount(fs, name, mnt_point);
+    if( sb == nullptr){
+        printf("mount failed!\n");
+        return;
+    }
+    mounts[mount_number++] = mnt_point;
+    superblocks[superblock_number++] = sb;
+    mnt_point->mnt_count = 1;
+    rootfs = mnt_point;
+}
+
+void VirtualFileSystem::initialize()
+{
+    // TODO: setup memory pools etc to speed things up
+    // a bit
+    // TODO: Add a devfs, procfs etc...
+
+    filesystem* fat_fs = (filesystem*) malloc(sizeof (filesystem));
+    fat_fs->name = "fat";
+    fat_fs->mount = FAT::Mount;
+    //register_filesystem(fat_fs);
+
+
+    // Mount the bootdrive
+    // NOTE: for now will hardcode this
+    Mount(fat_fs, "/");
+};
+
+
+int VirtualFileSystem::register_filesystem(struct filesystem* fs) {
+    // register the filesystem to the kernel.
+    filesystems[filesystem_number] = fs;
+    filesystem_number++;
+
+
+}
+
+FILE* VirtualFileSystem::open(const char* pathname, int flags){
+    // 1. Lookup pathname from the root node
+    // 2. Create a new file descriptor for this inode if found.
+    // 3. Create a new file if O_CREATE is specified in the flags.
+    FILE* file = (FILE*) malloc(sizeof (FILE)) ;
+    auto* rootentry = rootfs->root;
+    char* tokstate = nullptr;
+    auto nextdir = strtok ((char*)pathname, "/", &tokstate );
+
+    // look up children if not filled
+    if(rootentry->children == nullptr)
+    {
+        rootentry = rootentry->node->lookup(rootentry->node, rootentry);
+    }
+
+    if(rootentry->children == nullptr)
+    {
+        file->flags =1;
+        return file;
+    }
+
+    // let's just loop through the folder first
+    printf("looking for: ");
+    for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
+        kterm_put(nextdir[i]);
+    kterm_put('\n');
+    auto* child = rootentry->children;
+    while(child->next != nullptr){
+        auto* directory = (DirectoryNode*)child->data;
+
+        for(int i = 0; i < 11 ; i++)
+            kterm_put(directory->name[i]);
+        kterm_put('\n');
+
+        if( directory->compare(directory, directory->name, nextdir) == 0){
+            nextdir = strtok(nullptr, "/", &tokstate);
+            printf("Found dir!\n");
+            if(nextdir == NULL){
+                file->root = directory->node;
+                file->flags =0;
+                file->read = FAT::Read;
+                return file;
+            }
+            printf("continue searching next directory!\n");
+            if(directory->children == nullptr)
+                directory->node->lookup(directory->node, directory);
+
+
+            child = directory->children;
+
+        }else{
+            child = child->next;
+        }
+    }
+
+
+
+    file->flags = 1;
+    return file;
+}
+
+int VirtualFileSystem::close (struct FILE* file){
+    // 1. release the file descriptor
+}
+int VirtualFileSystem::write(struct FILE* file, const void* buf, unsigned int len){
+    // 1. Write len bytes from buf to the opened file.
+    // 2. return written size or error code if an error occurs
+}
+int VirtualFileSystem::read (struct FILE*  file, void* buf, unsigned int len){
+    // 1. read min(len, readable file data size) bytes ro buf from the opened file.
+    // 2. return read size or error code if an error occurs
+}
+
+/*
+
+void fs_discovery(){
+
+
+        // Mount the boot disk
+        // NOTE: we assume for now that it is the only disk in the system
+        //      This information could possibly be had from the bootloader (GRUB)
+        // We als assume it is the primary device on the Master port.
+        ATAPIO::Soft_Reset(ATAPIO_PORT::Primary, DEVICE_DRIVE::MASTER);
+        bool isAvailable = ATAPIO::Identify(ATAPIO_PORT::Primary, DEVICE_DRIVE::MASTER);
+        if(!isAvailable){
+            // PANIC!!!
+            printf("Failed to mount root filesystem!\n");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        auto masterbootrecord = GetPartitions(false);
+
+        for (auto partition : masterbootrecord->TableEntries)
+        {
+            if(partition.PartitionType == 0x0) continue; // Consider marked as free
+
+            PTR_PARTITION found_partition = (PARTITION*) malloc(sizeof(PARTITION));
+            found_partition->Disk = ATAPIO_PORT::Primary | (  DEVICE_DRIVE::MASTER << 16);
+            printf("Disk Identifier: 0x%x\n", found_partition->Disk);
+            found_partition->Attributes = partition.driveAttribute;
+            found_partition->StartAddress = partition.LBA_partition_start;
+            found_partition->Sectors = partition.Number_sectors_inPartition;
+            found_partition->Fs_hint = partition.PartitionType;
+
+
+        }
+
+        printf("Found %d partitions on disk!\n", num_partitions);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < num_partitions; i++)
+        {
+            auto* partition = _partitions[i];
+            // Check the fs_hint for a proper driver
+            if ( partition->Fs_hint != 0x06){
+                printf("Assumed Unkown filesystem!\n");
+                continue;
+            }
+            // Check if filesystem OK
+
+            printf("Partition Start Address (LBA): 0x%x\n", partition->StartAddress);
+            bool valid = FAT::Validate(partition);
+            if(!valid)
+            {
+                printf("Not a valid FAT fs!\n");
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // setup FileSystem Description before mounting
+            PFS  FS_FAT = (PFS)malloc(sizeof(FILESYSTEM));
+
+            FAT::Info(partition, FS_FAT);
+
+            // Mount the partition/filesystem
+        }
+
+
+}
+
+
+
+*/

kernel/storage/vfs/vfs.h

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <stdint-gcc.h>
+#include "../../../CoreLib/Path.h"
+#include "vfs_types.h"
+#include "vfs_types.h"
+ class VirtualFileSystem
+ {
+ public:
+     static void initialize();
+     static void Mount(filesystem* fs, const char* name);
+
+     static int register_filesystem(struct filesystem* fs);
+
+     static FILE* open(const char* pathname, int flags);
+     static int close(struct FILE* file);
+     static int write(struct FILE* file, const void* buf, unsigned int len);
+     static int read(struct FILE* file, void* buf, unsigned int len);
+
+ private:
+    static vfsmount* rootfs;
+
+
+    static int mount_number;
+    static int superblock_number;
+    static int filesystem_number;
+
+    static filesystem* filesystems[];
+    static FS_SUPER* superblocks[];
+    static vfsmount* mounts[];
+
+ };
+

kernel/storage/vfs/vfs_types.h

@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+//
+// Created by nigel on 21/02/23.
+//
+#pragma once
+// grasslab.github.io/osdi/en/labs/lab7.html
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include "../../../CoreLib/List.h"
+
+struct inode_operations;
+struct vfsmount;
+struct FS_SUPER;
+struct inode;
+struct dentry_operations;
+struct DirectoryNode;
+struct filesystem;
+struct FS_SUPER;
+struct FILE;
+
+
+// Describes a mount
+struct vfsmount {
+    vfsmount* mnt_parent; // fs we are mounted on
+    DirectoryNode* mountpoint; // dentry of mount point
+    DirectoryNode* root; // root of the mounted tree
+    FS_SUPER* sb; // pointer to the superblock
+    unsigned int  mnt_count; // keep track of users of this structure
+    int mnt_flags;
+    char* mnt_devname; // name of device eg /dev/dsk/hda1
+
+};
+struct FS_SUPER;
+// Represents a filesystem object (i.e. a file or directory or device)
+struct inode {
+   unsigned long mode; // access permissions
+   unsigned long uid; // user id owner
+   unsigned long gid; // group id owner
+   unsigned int flags;
+ // operations possible on inode
+    int (*create)(inode*, DirectoryNode*, const char* );
+    DirectoryNode* (*lookup)(inode* , DirectoryNode*);
+    int (*link)(DirectoryNode*, inode* , DirectoryNode*);
+    int (*unlink)(inode*, DirectoryNode*);
+    int (*symlink)(inode*, DirectoryNode*);
+    int (*mkdir)(inode*, DirectoryNode*, const char*);
+    int (*rmdir)(inode*, DirectoryNode*);
+    int (*rename)(inode*, DirectoryNode*, inode*, DirectoryNode*);
+    void (*truncate)(inode*);
+    int (*permission)(inode*, int);
+    int (*setattr)(DirectoryNode, unsigned long*);
+    int (*getattr)(vfsmount* mnt, DirectoryNode*, unsigned long*);
+
+    FS_SUPER* sb;
+    unsigned  long ino; // unique number of this inode
+    unsigned int links; // number of hard links
+    void* device;
+    unsigned long size; // size of inode contents in bytes
+    unsigned long atime; //  Access time
+    unsigned long mtime; // Modify time
+    unsigned long ctime; // Creation time
+    unsigned short bytes; // bytes consumed
+    // File operations possible on Inode;
+    int(*write) (FILE* file, const void* buf, unsigned int len);
+    int(*read) (FILE* file, void* buf, unsigned int len);
+    void* internal; // point  to underlying representation of this virtual node (e.g. FAT entry or Directory Entry)
+};
+
+// Represents the name of files in the filesystem
+// it identifies the file that an inode represents
+struct DirectoryNode {
+    char* name; // name of the file on the disk
+    DirectoryNode* parent; // parent of the file
+    inode* node; // node belongs to...
+    int (*compare)(DirectoryNode*, char*, char* );
+    int (*o_delete)(DirectoryNode*);
+    void (*release)(DirectoryNode*);
+    void (*iput)(DirectoryNode*, inode*);
+    List* children;
+};
+// Represents a filesystem type
+struct filesystem {
+    const char* name;
+    FS_SUPER* (*mount)(filesystem* self, const char* name, vfsmount* mnt);
+};
+
+// Represents a mounted filesystem
+struct FS_SUPER {
+
+    void* device; // device associated with the filesystem
+    unsigned long blocksize;
+    unsigned long maxbytes;
+    filesystem* type;
+    unsigned long magic; // IDK
+    DirectoryNode* root; // Root dentry
+    int count; // IDK
+    void* fs_info; // pointer to raw filesystem info
+    dentry_operations* d_op;
+    inode* inodes[];
+};
+
+// Represents an opened file
+struct FILE {
+    inode* root;
+    unsigned int f_pos; // The next read/write position of this file descriptor;
+    int(*write) (FILE* file, const void* buf, unsigned int len);
+    int(*read) (FILE* file, void* buf, unsigned int len);
+    int flags;
+};
+
+

kernel/supervisorterminal/superVisorTerminal.cpp

@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 #include "superVisorTerminal.h"
-#include "../drivers/ata/ataDevice.h"
-#include "../partitiontable/mbr/MasterBootRecord.h"
-#include "../filesystem/FAT/BiosParameterBlock.h"
-#include "../filesystem/FAT/DirectoryEntry.h"
+#include "../storage/ata pio/ATAPIO.h"
+#include "../storage/partitiontables/mbr/MasterBootRecord.h"
+#include "../storage/filesystems/FAT/FAT.h"
+
 bool isRunning = true;
 extern "C" void startSuperVisorTerminal()
 {
+
+
     /*
     * Show a little banner for cuteness
     */
@@ -62,7 +64,8 @@ extern "C" void startSuperVisorTerminal()
             {
                 // Show version information 
                 printf("========= Version ========\n");
-                printf("Kernel v%d\n", 0);
+
+                asm volatile ("movl $0x666, %eax; int $0x50");
 
             }
             if(strncmp("CLEAR", command, characterCount) == 0)

kernel/syscalls.h

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+//
+// Created by nigel on 26/02/23.
+//
+#pragma once
+
+
+#include "terminal/kterm.h"
+#include "storage/vfs/vfs_types.h"
+
+
+void sys_version (){
+    printf("KERNEL VERSION v0.4\n");
+}
+
+void sys_open(){
+
+}
+
+void sys_read(FILE* file, char* data){
+    file->read(file, data, 512);
+}
+
+void sys_write(FILE* path, const char* data, size_t size){
+
+}
+
+// NOTE: this should become our standard!
+void syscall_handler(int syscall_no ,  uint32_t* args... ){
+    switch(syscall_no){
+        case 0x0:
+            printf("test!\n");
+            break;
+        case 0x5:
+            // SYS_OPEN
+            // sys_open();
+            break;
+        case 0x10:
+            // SYS_READ
+            // sys_read((FILE*)args[1], (char*) args[2] );
+            break;
+        case 0x20:
+            // SYS_WRITE
+            //sys_write((FILE*)args[1], (const char*) args[2], (size_t)args[3]);
+            break;
+        case 0x666:
+            // SYS_VERSION
+            sys_version();
+            break;
+    }
+}
+
+

kernel/terminal/kterm.cpp

@@ -21,7 +21,14 @@ void kterm_init () {
     kterm_row = 0;
     kterm_column = 0;
     kterm_color = vga_entry_color ( VGA_COLOR_LIGHT_GREY , VGA_COLOR_BLACK);
-    kterm_buffer = (uint16_t*) 0xC03FF000;
+
+    //Physical address
+    // 0xB8000
+    // Virtual address
+    // 0xC03FF000
+
+    //kterm_buffer = ((uint16_t*) 0xB8000);
+    kterm_buffer = ((uint16_t*)  0xC03FF000 );
     
     for (size_t y = 0; y < VGA_HEIGHT; y++ ){
         for( size_t x = 0; x < VGA_WIDTH; x++){
@@ -59,7 +66,6 @@ void disable_cursor()
         outb(0x3D5, 0x20);
 }
 
-
 void update_cursor(int x, int y){
     uint16_t pos = y * VGA_WIDTH + x;
 
@@ -86,8 +92,6 @@ int get_cursor_y (uint16_t cursor_pos ) {
     return cursor_pos / VGA_WIDTH;
 }
 
-
-
 /**
  *  With the help from:
  * https://whiteheadsoftware.dev/operating-systems-development-for-dummies/
@@ -134,7 +138,6 @@ void kterm_writestring(const char* data ){
     kterm_write(data, strlen(data));
 }
 
-
 static void itoa (char *buf, int base, int d) {
     char *p = buf;
     char *p1, *p2;
@@ -173,28 +176,28 @@ static void itoa (char *buf, int base, int d) {
 
 void printf ( const char *format, ...) {
     
-    char **arg = (char **)&format;
+    auto **arg = (unsigned char **)&format;
     int c;
     char buf[20];
 
     arg++;
     
-    while ((c = *format++) != 0){
+    while ((c = *(const unsigned char*)format++) != 0){
         if( c != '%')
             kterm_put(c);
         else{
-            char *p, *p2;
+            char const *p, *p2;
             int pad0 = 0, pad = 0;
 
-            c = *format++;
+            c = *(const unsigned char*)format++;
             if(c =='0'){
                 pad0 = 1;
-                c = *format++;
+                c = *(const unsigned char*)format++;
             }
 
             if ( c >= '0' && c <= '9'){
                 pad = c - '0';
-                c = *format++;
+                c = *(const unsigned char*)format++;
             }
 
             switch (c)
@@ -210,7 +213,7 @@ void printf ( const char *format, ...) {
                 break;
             
             case 's':
-                p = *arg++;
+                p = (char const *)*arg++;
                 if(!p)
                     p = "(null)";
                 
@@ -224,7 +227,7 @@ void printf ( const char *format, ...) {
 
 
             default:
-                kterm_put(*((int *)arg++));
+                kterm_put(*(int *) arg++); // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-narrowing-conversions)
                 break;
             }
         }

kernel/terminal/kterm.h

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 #pragma once 
-#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdint-gcc.h>
 #include <stddef.h>
 #include <stdbool.h>
 
 #include "../drivers/vga/colors.h"
-#include "../drivers/io/io.h"
+#include "../io/io.h"
 #include <CoreLib/Memory.h>
 
 void kterm_init();

kernel/time.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #pragma once 
-#include "drivers/io/io.h"
+#include "io/io.h"
 #define CURRENT_YEAR        2021
  
                            

kernel/timer.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <stddef.h>
-#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdint-gcc.h>
 
 void init_timer (uint32_t frequency);

kernel/vfs/VFS.cpp

@@ -1,417 +0,0 @@
-#include "VFS.h"
-#include "../filesystem/FAT/BiosParameterBlock.h"
-#include "../drivers/ide/ide.h"
-#include "../drivers/ata/ataDevice.h"
-#include "../partitiontable/mbr/MasterBootRecord.h"
-#include "../memory/KernelHeap.h"
-#include "../../CoreLib/Memory.h"
-#include "../filesystem/FAT/DirectoryEntry.h"
-
-MOUNT_INFO mountInfo;
-
-PFILESYSTEM _filesystems[DEVICE_MAX];
-
-FILE volOpenFile(const char* fname)
-{
-    if(fname){
-        unsigned char device = 'a';
-
-        char* filename = (char*) fname;
-
-        if(fname[1]== ':'){
-            device = fname[0];
-            filename += 2; // strip the volume component from the path
-        }
-
-        if(_filesystems[device - 'a']){
-            FILE file = _filesystems[device-'a']->Open(filename);
-            file.device = device;
-            return file;
-        }
-    }
-
-    FILE file;
-    file.flags = FS_INVALID;
-    return file;
-}
-
-extern void volReadFile(PFILE file, unsigned char* Buffer, unsigned int length)
-{
-
-}
-extern void volCloseFile(PFILE file)
-{
-    if( file->device < DEVICE_MAX){
-    //    _filesystems[file->device]->Close(file);
-    }
-}
-
-extern void volRegisterFilesystem(PFILESYSTEM fsys , unsigned int deviceID){
-    if(deviceID < DEVICE_MAX)
-        if(fsys)
-            _filesystems[deviceID] = fsys;
-}
-
-extern void volUnregisterFilesystem(PFILESYSTEM){
-
-}
-
-extern void volUnregisterFileSystemByID(unsigned int deviceID){
-
-}
-
-enum BUS_PORT {
-    Primary = 0x1f0,
-    Secondary = 0x170
-};
-
-bool driveAvailable(){
-    int devNumber = 0;
-    for ( auto device : ide_devices){
-        if(!device.Reserved)
-            continue;
-        devNumber++;
-    }
-
-
-    // FIXME: If no drive is connected we continue trying to read from
-    // a not connected drive!
-    ATA_DEVICE::Identify((uint16_t) BUS_PORT::Primary, DEVICE_DRIVE::MASTER);
-    return true;
-}
-
-MBR* getPartitions(bool DEBUG = false){
-    const int C = 0;
-    const int H = 0;
-    const int HPC = 16;
-    const int SPT = 63;
-
-    int S =1;
-    uint32_t LBA = (C*HPC+H) * SPT + (S-1);
-    MBR* mbr =(MBR*) malloc(sizeof (MBR));
-
-    ATA_DEVICE::Read(BUS_PORT::Primary, DEVICE_DRIVE::MASTER, LBA, (uint16_t*)mbr);
-
-    if(DEBUG){
-        printf("BootSector: 0x%x\n", mbr->ValidBootsector );
-        for( int i = 0 ; i < 4 ; i ++){
-            PartitionTableEntry PT = mbr->TableEntries[i];
-
-            printf("Partition %d [  %d sectors,  PartitionType: 0x%x, 0x%x, \nLBA Start: 0x%x ]\n" ,
-                   i, PT.Number_sectors_inPartition, PT.PartitionType, mbr->uniqueID,  PT.LBA_partition_start );
-        }
-
-    }
-
-    return mbr;
-}
-
-BiosParameterBlock* getBPB(MBR* mbr, bool DEBUG =false ){
-    BiosParameterBlock* bpb = (BiosParameterBlock*) malloc(sizeof(BiosParameterBlock));
-    ATA_DEVICE::Read(BUS_PORT::Primary, DEVICE_DRIVE::MASTER, mbr->TableEntries[0].LBA_partition_start, (uint16_t*) bpb);
-
-    if(DEBUG)
-    {
-        printf("OEM ID: %s\n", bpb->OEM_id);
-        printf("Bytes per sector: %d\n", bpb->BytesPerSector);
-        printf("Sectors per cluster: %d\n", bpb->SectorsPerCluster);
-        printf("Reserved sectors: %d\n", bpb->ReservedSectors);
-        printf("Number of FAT: %d\n", bpb->NumberOfFileAllocationTables);
-        printf("Number of Dir entries: %d\n", bpb->NumberOfDirectoryEntries);
-        printf("Total Sectors in volume: %d\n", bpb->TotalSectorsInLogicalVolume);
-        printf("Sectors per FAT: %d\n", bpb->NumberOfSectorsPerFAT);
-    }
-
-
-
-    return bpb;
-}
-
-uint16_t* ReadFAT (BiosParameterBlock& bpb , MBR& mbr, bool DEBUG = false ) {
-    uint32_t FATAddress = mbr.TableEntries[0].LBA_partition_start +  bpb.ReservedSectors ;
-    uint16_t* FAT = (uint16_t*)malloc(sizeof (uint16_t) * 256);
-    ATA_DEVICE::Read(BUS_PORT::Primary, DEVICE_DRIVE::MASTER, FATAddress, FAT );
-
-    // Show data in terminal
-    if(DEBUG){
-        for( unsigned int i =0 ; i < 256 ; i++) {
-            printf("0x%x ", (unsigned short)FAT[i]);
-        }
-        kterm_put('\n');
-    }
-
-    return FAT;
-}
-void readFile(uint32_t DataRegion, DirectoryEntry* entry, uint16_t FATentry, BiosParameterBlock& bpb ){
-    printf("Show contents");
-
-    printf("Start cluster of the file: 0x%x\n", entry->StartingCluster);
-
-    printf("IS it only 1 cluster? %s\n", FATentry == 0xFFFF ? "Yes" : "No");
-
-    uint32_t sector = DataRegion + ((entry->StartingCluster - 0x02) * bpb.SectorsPerCluster);
-
-
-    uint16_t dataBlob[256];
-    ATA_DEVICE::Read(BUS_PORT::Primary, DEVICE_DRIVE::MASTER, sector, dataBlob);
-    for (unsigned short n: dataBlob) {
-        kterm_put(n & 0x00ff);
-
-        kterm_put(n >> 8);
-    }
-    kterm_put('\n');
-}
-void listFilesInRoot(MBR& mbr, BiosParameterBlock& bpb ){
-    auto FATAddress = mbr.TableEntries[0].LBA_partition_start +  bpb.ReservedSectors;
-    uint32_t RootDirectoryRegion = FATAddress + ( bpb.NumberOfFileAllocationTables * bpb.NumberOfSectorsPerFAT );
-    uint32_t DataRegion = RootDirectoryRegion + ((bpb.NumberOfDirectoryEntries * 32) / bpb.BytesPerSector );
-    uint16_t* FAT = ReadFAT(bpb, mbr);
-
-    uint16_t data2 [256];
-    ATA_DEVICE::Read(BUS_PORT::Primary, DEVICE_DRIVE::MASTER, RootDirectoryRegion, data2 );
-    auto* RootDirectory = (DirectoryEntry*) data2;
-
-    // List files in root
-    for(int i= 0; i < sizeof (data2) / sizeof (DirectoryEntry); i++ ) {
-        auto *entry = (DirectoryEntry * )((uint32_t) RootDirectory + (i * sizeof(DirectoryEntry)));
-
-        if (entry->filename[0] == (uint8_t) 0x00)
-            continue; // There are no more entries in this directory or the entry is free
-
-        if ((entry->attribute & 0x01) == 0x01 || (entry->attribute & 0x20) == 0x20)
-            continue; // Skip listing if hidden or Achieve flag is set
-
-        // Print the filename;
-        for (char n: entry->filename) {
-            if (n == 0x20)
-                break;
-            kterm_put(n);
-        }
-        for (unsigned char n: entry->Extension) {
-            kterm_put(n);
-        }
-        kterm_put('\n');
-
-
-        printf("Attribute: %x \n", entry->attribute);
-        printf("FileSize: %d Bytes\n", entry->FilesizeInBytes);
-
-        if (entry->FilesizeInBytes != 0x0  && (entry->attribute == 0x08)) {
-            readFile(DataRegion,entry, FAT[i], bpb);
-        }
-
-    }
-    free(FAT);
-
-}
-
-
-/*
-FILE fsysFatDirectory (const char* DirectoryName){
-    FILE file;
-    unsigned char* buf;
-    PDIRECTORY directory;
-
-    char DosFileName[11];
-    ToDosFileName(DirectoryName, DosFileName, 11);
-    DosFileName[11] =0;
-
-    for (int sector=0; sector <14 ; sector++){
-        ATA_DEVICE::Read(BUS_PORT::Primary, DEVICE_DRIVE::MASTER, mountInfo.rootOffset + sector, (uint16_t*)buf);
-        directory = (PDIRECTORY) buf;
-
-        for (int i =0; i < 16; i++){
-            char name[11];
-            memcpy(name, directory->Filename, 11);
-            name[11]=0;
-
-            if(strncmp(DosFileName, name, 11) == 0){
-                strcpy(file.name, DirectoryName);
-                file.id = 0;
-                file.currentCluster = directory->FirstCluster;
-                file.eof = 0;
-                file.filelength = directory->FileSize;
-
-                if(directory->Attrib == 0x10){
-                    file.flags = FS_DIRECTORY;
-                } else {
-                    file.flags = FS_FILE;
-                }
-                return file;
-            }
-            directory++;
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Can't find file
-    file.flags = FS_INVALID;
-    return file;
-
-}
- */
-
-void fsysFATRead(PFILE file, unsigned char* buffer, unsigned int length){
-    if(file){
-        unsigned int physSector = 32 + (file->currentCluster - 1);
-        const unsigned int  SECTOR_SIZE = 512;
-        // read sector
-        ATA_DEVICE::Read(BUS_PORT::Primary, DEVICE_DRIVE::MASTER, physSector, (uint16_t*) buffer );
-
-        unsigned int FAT_Offset = file->currentCluster + (file->currentCluster /2);
-        unsigned int FAT_Sector = 1 + (FAT_Offset / SECTOR_SIZE);
-        unsigned int entryOffset =FAT_Offset % SECTOR_SIZE;
-
-        uint8_t FAT[SECTOR_SIZE*2];
-        ATA_DEVICE::Read(BUS_PORT::Primary, DEVICE_DRIVE::MASTER, FAT_Sector,(uint16_t*) FAT); // Read 1st FAT sector
-
-        ATA_DEVICE::Read(BUS_PORT::Primary, DEVICE_DRIVE::MASTER, FAT_Sector +1, (uint16_t*)FAT+SECTOR_SIZE);
-
-        // read entry for next cluster
-        uint16_t nextCluster = *(uint16_t*) &FAT[entryOffset];
-
-        // test if entry is odd or even
-        if(file->currentCluster & 0x0001){
-            nextCluster>>= 4; // grab the high 12 bits
-        }else{
-            nextCluster &= 0x0FFF; // grab the low 12 bits
-        }
-
-        // test for end of file
-        if(nextCluster >= 0xff8){
-            file->eof -1;
-            return;
-        }
-
-        // test for file corruption
-        if(nextCluster == 0){
-            file->eof =1;
-            return;
-        }
-
-        // set next cluster
-        file->currentCluster = nextCluster;
-
-
-    }
-}
-/*
-FILE fsysFatOpenSubDir(FILE kFile, const char* filename){
-    FILE file;
-
-    char DosFileName[11];
-    ToDosFileName(filename, DosFileName, 11);
-    DosFileName[11] = 0;
-
-    while(!kFile.eof){
-        //read directory
-        unsigned char buf[512];
-        fsysFATRead(&file, buf, 512);
-
-        PDIRECTORY  pkDir = (PDIRECTORY) buf;
-
-        for (unsigned int i = 0; i < 16; i++){
-            // get current filename
-            char name[11];
-            memcpy(name, pkDir->Filename, 11);
-            name[11] = 0;
-
-            if(strncmp(name, DosFileName, 11) == 0){
-                strcpy(file.name, filename);
-                file.id = 0;
-                file.currentCluster = pkDir->FirstCluster;
-                file.filelength = pkDir->FileSize;
-                file.eof = 0;
-
-                // set file type;
-                if(pkDir->Attrib == 0x10){
-                    file.flags = FS_DIRECTORY;
-                } else{
-                    file.flags = FS_FILE;
-                }
-
-                return file;
-            }
-            // go to next entry
-            pkDir++;
-        }
-    }
-    // unable to find file
-    file.flags = FS_INVALID;
-    return file;
-}
-*/
-
-void FileSystem::initialize()
-{
-    MBR* mbr = getPartitions();
-    BiosParameterBlock* bootsector =  getBPB(mbr);
-    listFilesInRoot(*mbr, *bootsector);
-
-    free(mbr);
-    free(bootsector);
-/*
-    mountInfo.numSectors =  bootsector->NumberOfSectorsPerFAT;
-    mountInfo.fatOffset = 1;
-    mountInfo.fatSize = bootsector->NumberOfSectorsPerFAT;
-    mountInfo.fatEntrySize = 8;
-    mountInfo.numRootEntries = bootsector->NumberOfDirectoryEntries;
-    mountInfo.rootOffset = (bootsector->NumberOfFileAllocationTables * bootsector->NumberOfSectorsPerFAT) + 1;
-    mountInfo.rootSize = (bootsector->NumberOfDirectoryEntries * 32) / bootsector->BytesPerSector;
-*/
-
-
-}
-
-char* FindNextEntryName (char* path )
-{
-    int length = strlen(path);
-
-    char* name = path;
-    int i = 0;
-
-    if( name[0] == '/')
-        i++;
-
-    while ( name[i] != '/' && i <= length)
-        i++;
-
-    char* s = (char*) malloc(i + 1 * sizeof(char));
-    for ( int a = 0; a < i; a++)
-        s[a] = path[a];
-
-    s[i + 1] = '\0';
-
-    return s;
-
-}
-
-
-
-void FileSystem::ResolvePath(Path &path)
-{
-    // See reference material (1) https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/path_resolution.7.html
-
-    char* string_path  = path.str();
-    void* cpy = string_path;
-
-    bool isAbsolutePath = string_path[0] == '/';
-    if(isAbsolutePath)
-    {
-        // strip the first slash
-        string_path++;
-    }
-
-    char* entry_name = FindNextEntryName(string_path);
-    printf("Look for entry with name: %s\n", entry_name);
-    int skip = strlen(entry_name);
-    free(entry_name);
-
-
-    entry_name = FindNextEntryName(string_path + skip);
-    printf("Look for entry with name: %s\n", entry_name);
-    skip = strlen(entry_name);
-    free(entry_name);
-
-    free(cpy);
-
-}

kernel/vfs/VFS.h

@@ -1,80 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-#include <stdint.h>
-#include "../../CoreLib/Path.h"
-
-#define FS_FILE 0
-#define FS_DIRECTORY 1
-#define FS_INVALID 2
-#define DEVICE_MAX 26
-
-typedef struct _FILE {
-    char name [32];
-    uint32_t flags;
-    uint32_t filelength;
-    uint32_t id;
-    uint32_t eof;
-    uint32_t position;
-    uint32_t currentCluster;
-    uint32_t device;
-}FILE, *PFILE;
-
-typedef struct _FILE_SYSTEM{
-    char name[8];
-    FILE (*Directory) (const char* Directoryname);
-    void (*Mount) ();
-    void (*Read) (PFILE file, unsigned char* buffer, unsigned int length);
-    void (Close) (PFILE);
-    FILE (*Open) (const char* filename);
-}FILESYSTEM, *PFILESYSTEM;
-
-typedef struct _MOUNT_INFO{
-    uint32_t numSectors;
-    uint32_t fatOffset;
-    uint32_t numRootEntries;
-    uint32_t rootOffset;
-    uint32_t rootSize;
-    uint32_t fatSize;
-    uint32_t fatEntrySize;
-}MOUNT_INFO, *PMOUNT_INFO;
-
-typedef struct _DIRECTORY{
-    uint8_t Filename[8];
-    uint8_t Ext[3];
-    uint8_t Attrib;
-    uint8_t Reserved;
-    uint8_t TimeCreatedMs;
-    uint16_t TimeCreated;
-    uint16_t DateCreated;
-    uint16_t DateLastAccessed;
-    uint16_t FirstClusterHiBytes;
-    uint16_t LastModTime;
-    uint16_t LastModDate;
-    uint16_t FirstCluster;
-    uint32_t FileSize;
-}DIRECTORY, *PDIRECTORY;
-// Date Format
-// [0..4] Day
-// [5..8] Month
-// [9..15] Year
-
-// Time Format
-// [0..4] Seconds
-// [5..10] Minute
-// [11..15] Hour
-extern PFILESYSTEM _filesystems[DEVICE_MAX];
-
- FILE volOpenFile(const char* fname);
-
- void volCloseFile(PFILE file);
- void volRegisterFilesystem(PFILESYSTEM, unsigned int deviceID);
- void volUnregisterFilesystem(PFILESYSTEM);
- void volUnregisterFileSystemByID(unsigned int deviceID);
-
-
- class FileSystem{
- public:
-     static void initialize();
-
-     static void ResolvePath(Path& path);
-
- };

run.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+PROC=$$
+
+# Build the Corelib static library
+(cd CoreLib
+if ! make 2> warnings.log 1> /dev/null ; then
+    echo "Build Corelib failed!"
+    kill -10 $PROC
+fi)
+
+# Build the kernel image
+(cd kernel
+# make clean
+if ! make 2> warnings.log 1> /dev/null ; then
+  echo "Build kernel failed!"
+  kill -10 $PROC
+fi)
+
+./scripts/update_harddrive.sh
+./scripts/create_symbol_lookup.sh
+
+args="";
+if [[ $1 == "-d" ]]
+then
+  args="debug"
+fi
+./scripts/run_qemu.sh $args

scripts/build.py

@@ -2,24 +2,23 @@
 import os
 import subprocess
 
-
-print("Building BarinkOS")
-
+print("Give BarinkOS A Test Run")
 
 # list and run build scripts
 print("Running build-scripts")
 os.chdir("scripts")
-
 scripts=os.listdir()
 currentScript=os.path.basename(__file__)
 
-if currentScript in scripts:
-    scripts.remove(currentScript)
+os.chdir("../CoreLib")
+print("Building CoreLib")
+subprocess.call("make")
 
+os.chdir("../kernel")
+print("Building kernel")
+subprocess.call("make")
 
-for script in scripts:
-    print(os.getcwd())
-    print("Running:" + script)
-    subprocess.call(script, cwd=os.getcwd())
-
-os.chdir("..")
+os.chdir("..")
+subprocess.call("scripts/update_harddrive.sh", cwd=os.getcwd())
+subprocess.call("scripts/create_symbol_lookup.sh", cwd=os.getcwd())
+subprocess.call("scripts/run_qemu.sh", cwd=os.getcwd())

scripts/create_harddrive.sh

@@ -9,11 +9,8 @@
 
 echo "Building a FAT16 filesystem"
 
-
-su 
-
-# dd if=/dev/zero of=diks.img bs=512 count=131072
-# fdisk disk.img
+dd if=/dev/zero of=disk.img bs=512 count=131072
+fdisk disk.img
 # Use the following options in fdisk (Format Disk Tool)
 # We want to create a MBR (NOT GPT) Partition table containing 1 logical disk 
 # with a primary FAT16 partition marked bootable
@@ -42,23 +39,23 @@ su
 # w
 
 # Create a "block" device from the disk.img
-# losetup /dev/loop9 disk.img
+losetup /dev/loop9 disk.img
 
 # Format the partition on the disk as FAT16
-# mkdosfs -F16 /dev/loop9
+mkdosfs -F16 /dev/loop9
 
 # Mount the disk to a folder on our dev machine
-# mount /dev/loop9 /mnt
+mount /dev/loop9 /mnt
 
 # Install the grub bootloader onto the disk 
-# grub-install --no-floppy --modules="normal multiboot" /dev/loop9 --target=i386-pc --boot-directory=/mnt/boot --force
+grub-install --no-floppy --modules="normal multiboot" /dev/loop9 --target=i386-pc --boot-directory=/mnt/boot --force
 
 # copy the necessary OS files 
-# cp root/boot/myos.bin /mnt/boot/myos.bin
-# cp root/boot/grub/grub.cfg /mnt/boot/grub/grub.cfg
+cp root/boot/myos.bin /mnt/boot/myos.bin
+cp root/boot/grub/grub.cfg /mnt/boot/grub/grub.cfg
 
 # Unmount the device
-# umount /mnt
+umount /mnt
 
-# Destroy the loop device 
-# losetup -d /dev/loop9
+# Destroy the loop device
+losetup -d /dev/loop9

scripts/create_iso.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+mkdir -p root/boot/grub
+cp build/kernel/myos.bin root/boot/myos.bin
+cp kernel/grub.cfg root/boot/grub/grub.cfg
+grub-mkrescue -o barinkOS.iso root

scripts/create_symbol_lookup.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+echo "creating symbols file"
+echo $(pwd)
+objcopy --only-keep-debug root/boot/myos.bin kernel.sym

scripts/hooks/pre-commit.hook.sh

@@ -1,5 +1,2 @@
 #!/bin/bash
-
-
 # Run clang-tidy 
-

scripts/run_qemu.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+if [[ $1 == "debug" ]]
+then
+  qemu-system-i386 -s -boot d -drive format=raw,file=disk.img -serial stdio -vga std -display gtk -m 2G -cpu core2duo -d int -no-shutdown -no-reboot
+else
+  qemu-system-i386 -s -boot d -drive format=raw,file=disk.img -serial stdio -vga std -display gtk -m 2G -cpu core2duo
+fi
+# Run from harddisk
+#qemu-system-i386 -boot d -drive format=raw,file=disk.img -serial stdio -vga std -display gtk -m 2G -cpu core2duo -d int -no-shutdown -no-reboot
+
+# Run disk version
+# qemu-system-i386 -cdrom barinkOS.iso -serial stdio -vga std -display gtk -m 2G -cpu core2duo -s -d int -no-shutdown -no-reboot
+
+# Run the raw kernel image
+# qemu-system-i386  -kernel build/kernel/myos.bin -serial stdio -vga std -display gtk -m 2G -cpu core2duo -d int -no-shutdown -no-reboot
+
+

scripts/run_virtualbox.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+virtualboxvm --startvm "BarinkOS_test"

scripts/test.sh

@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/bash
-start=`date +%s`
-end=`date +%s`
-echo That took $((end-start)) seconds
-date +"%c" -d195440409

scripts/update_harddrive.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+echo "running in cwd : "
+ echo $(pwd)
+echo "Mount harddrive image as block device"
+sudo losetup /dev/loop9 disk.img
+sudo mount /dev/loop9 /mnt
+
+echo "Copy over kernel binary"
+sudo cp build/kernel/myos.bin /mnt/boot/myos.bin
+
+echo "unmount image"
+sudo umount /mnt
+sudo losetup -d /dev/loop9

todo.md

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 
 This list keeps me focused and organised so I don't forget what
-needs to be done. It is a expansion on the features markdown file which describes the features. Here I put things I need to remember 
+needs to be done. It is a expansion on the features markdown FILE which describes the features. Here I put things I need to remember 
 to do on a more in depth level.
 
 ## --