Basic VBE driver initializes via multiboot info structure, reduced resolution, putPixel function implemented

Makefile

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ CC = ${HOME}/opt/cross/bin/i686-elf-gcc
 CPP = ${HOME}/opt/cross/bin/i686-elf-g++ 
 CFLAGS =  -ffreestanding -O2 -Wall -Wextra
 
-OFILES =  $(BUILD_DIR)/boot.o $(BUILD_DIR)/kterm.o $(BUILD_DIR)/kernel.o  $(BUILD_DIR)/PhysicalMemoryManager.o $(BUILD_DIR)/io.o $(BUILD_DIR)/PageDirectory.o $(BUILD_DIR)/gdtc.o $(BUILD_DIR)/idt.o $(BUILD_DIR)/pic.o $(BUILD_DIR)/string.o
+OFILES =  $(BUILD_DIR)/boot.o  $(BUILD_DIR)/kterm.o $(BUILD_DIR)/kernel.o  $(BUILD_DIR)/PhysicalMemoryManager.o $(BUILD_DIR)/io.o  $(BUILD_DIR)/vesa.o $(BUILD_DIR)/PageDirectory.o $(BUILD_DIR)/gdtc.o $(BUILD_DIR)/idt.o $(BUILD_DIR)/pic.o $(BUILD_DIR)/string.o
 
 SRC_DIR = src
 BUILD_DIR = build
@@ -36,7 +36,9 @@ iso: clean_iso clean build
 	grub-mkrescue -o build/barinkOS.iso root
 	
 test:
-	$(EMULATOR)  -kernel $(BUILD_DIR)/myos.bin -serial stdio -vga std -monitor stdio -display gtk -m 2G -cpu core2duo 
+	$(EMULATOR)  -kernel $(BUILD_DIR)/myos.bin -serial mon:stdio -vga std  -display gtk -m 2G -cpu core2duo # -monitor stdio
+test_iso:
+	$(EMULATOR) -cdrom build/barinkOS.iso -serial mon:stdio -vga std -display gtk -m 2G -cpu core2duo
 
 build_kernel: $(OBJ_LINK_LIST)
 	$(CC) -T $(SRC_DIR)/kernel//linker.ld -o $(BUILD_DIR)/myos.bin \
@@ -50,7 +52,7 @@ clean:
 	rm -f $(BUILD_DIR)/myos.bin $(INTERNAL_OBJS)
 
 $(BUILD_DIR)/kernel.o:
-	$(CPP) -c $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/kernel.cpp -o $(BUILD_DIR)/kernel.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
+	$(CPP) -c $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/kernel.cpp -o $(BUILD_DIR)/kernel.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti -fpermissive
 
 $(BUILD_DIR)/kterm.o:
 	$(CPP) -c $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/tty/kterm.cpp  -o $(BUILD_DIR)/kterm.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
@@ -85,3 +87,6 @@ $(BUILD_DIR)/string.o:
 
 $(BUILD_DIR)/PhysicalMemoryManager.o:
 	$(CPP) -c $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/memory/PhysicalMemoryManager.cpp  -o $(BUILD_DIR)/PhysicalMemoryManager.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
+
+$(BUILD_DIR)/vesa.o:
+	$(CPP) -c $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/vesa.cpp  -o $(BUILD_DIR)/vesa.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti

README.md

@@ -6,6 +6,9 @@
 
 ________________________
 ### Screenshot(s)
+![Graphics mode](screenshots/BarinkOS_VBE_GRAPHICS.png) \
+It may not look like much but I am proud of it! We are in graphics mode.
+
 ![Scrolling the terminal](screenshots/Screenshot1.png)   \
 The first scrolling boot screen. 😲
 

src/kernel/boot.S

@@ -1,18 +1,27 @@
 /*
  * Multiboot 
  */
-.set ALIGN,    1<<0             /* align loaded modules on page boundaries */
+.set ALIGN,    1<<0             		/* align loaded modules on page boundaries */
-.set MEMINFO,  1<<1             /* provide memory map */
+.set MEMINFO,  1<<1             		/* provide memory map */
-.set FLAGS,    ALIGN | MEMINFO  /* this is the Multiboot 'flag' field */
+.set VIDEO,	   1<<2						/* provide video mode */
-.set MAGIC,    0x1BADB002       /* 'magic number' lets bootloader find the header */
+.set FLAGS,    ALIGN | MEMINFO | VIDEO  /* this is the Multiboot 'flag' field */
-.set CHECKSUM, -(MAGIC + FLAGS) /* checksum of above, to prove we are multiboot */
+.set MAGIC,    0x1BADB002       		/* 'magic number' lets bootloader find the header */
+.set CHECKSUM, -(MAGIC + FLAGS) 		/* checksum of above, to prove we are multiboot */
 
 .section .multiboot
 .align 4
 .long MAGIC
 .long FLAGS
 .long CHECKSUM
- 
+.long 0 # unused
+.long 0 # .
+.long 0 # .
+.long 0 # .
+.long 0 # unused
+.long 0 # set graphics mode
+.long 800 # screen witdh
+.long 600 # screen height
+.long 32 # bpp
 
 .section .bss
 .align 16

src/kernel/bootcheck.h

@@ -3,74 +3,84 @@
 #define CHECK_FLAG(flags, bit) ((flags) & (1 <<(bit)))
 
 #include "tty/kterm.h"
-
+#include "vesa.h"
-
 
 void CheckMBT ( multiboot_info_t*  mbt  ){
-      /* Set MBI to the addresss of the multiboot information structure*/
+  /* Set MBI to the addresss of the multiboot information structure*/
-        multiboot_info_t * mbi = (multiboot_info_t *) mbt;
+  multiboot_info_t * mbi = (multiboot_info_t *) mbt;
 
-        /* Print out the flags */
+  /* Print out the flags */
-        printf("flags = 0x%x\n", (unsigned) mbi->flags);
+  printf("flags = 0x%8x\n", (unsigned) mbi->flags);
 
-        /* Are mem_* valid? */
+  /* Are mem_* valid? */
-        if ( CHECK_FLAG(mbi->flags,0)){
+  if ( CHECK_FLAG(mbi->flags,0)){
-            printf("mem_lower = %uKB, mem_upper = %uKB\n");
+      printf("mem_lower = %uKB, mem_upper = %uKB\n");
-        }
+  }
 
-        /* is boot device valid ? */
+  /* is boot device valid ? */
-        if (CHECK_FLAG (mbi->flags, 1)){
+  if (CHECK_FLAG (mbi->flags, 1)){
-            printf("boot_device = 0x0%x\n", (unsigned) mbi->boot_device);
+      printf("boot_device = 0x0%x\n", (unsigned) mbi->boot_device);
-        }
+  }
 
-        /* is the command line passed? */
+  /* is the command line passed? */
-        if (CHECK_FLAG ( mbi->flags,2)){
+  if (CHECK_FLAG ( mbi->flags,2)){
-            printf("cmdline = %s\n", (char *) mbi->cmdline);
+      printf("cmdline = %s\n", (char *) mbi->cmdline);
-        }
+  }
 
-        /* Are mods_* valid? */
+  /* Are mods_* valid? */
-        if(CHECK_FLAG ( mbi->flags, 3)){
+  if(CHECK_FLAG ( mbi->flags, 3)){
-            multiboot_module_t *mod;
+      multiboot_module_t *mod;
-            uint32_t i;
+      uint32_t i;
 
-            printf("mods count = %d, mods_addr = 0x%x\n", (int) mbi->mods_count, (int) mbi->mods_addr);
+      printf("mods count = %d, mods_addr = 0x%x\n", (int) mbi->mods_count, (int) mbi->mods_addr);
 
-            for(i = 0, mod = (multiboot_module_t *) mbi->mods_addr; i < mbi->mods_count; i++ , mod++){
+      for(i = 0, mod = (multiboot_module_t *) mbi->mods_addr; i < mbi->mods_count; i++ , mod++){
-                printf(" mod start = 0x%x, mod_end = 0x%x, cmdline = %s\n", (unsigned) mod->mod_start, (unsigned) mod->mod_end, (char*) mod->cmdline);
+          printf(" mod start = 0x%x, mod_end = 0x%x, cmdline = %s\n", (unsigned) mod->mod_start, (unsigned) mod->mod_end, (char*) mod->cmdline);
-            }
+      }
-        }
+  }
 
-        /* Bits 4 and 5 are mutually exclusive! */
+  /* Bits 4 and 5 are mutually exclusive! */
-        if (CHECK_FLAG (mbi->flags, 4) && CHECK_FLAG(mbi->flags, 5)){
+  if (CHECK_FLAG (mbi->flags, 4) && CHECK_FLAG(mbi->flags, 5)){
-            printf("Both bits 4 and 5 are set.\n");
+      printf("Both bits 4 and 5 are set.\n");
-            return;
+      return;
-        }
+  }
 
-        /* Is the symbol table of a.out valid? */
+  /* Is the symbol table of a.out valid? */
-        if (CHECK_FLAG(mbi->flags, 4)){
+  if (CHECK_FLAG(mbi->flags, 4)){
-            multiboot_aout_symbol_table_t *multiboot_aout_sym = &(mbi->u.aout_sym);
+      multiboot_aout_symbol_table_t *multiboot_aout_sym = &(mbi->u.aout_sym);
 
-            printf( "multiboot_aout_symbol_table: tabsize = 0x%0x, strsize = 0x%x, addr = 0x%x\n", 
+      printf( "multiboot_aout_symbol_table: tabsize = 0x%0x, strsize = 0x%x, addr = 0x%x\n", 
-            (unsigned) multiboot_aout_sym->tabsize,
+      (unsigned) multiboot_aout_sym->tabsize,
-            (unsigned) multiboot_aout_sym->strsize,
+      (unsigned) multiboot_aout_sym->strsize,
-            (unsigned) multiboot_aout_sym->addr);
+      (unsigned) multiboot_aout_sym->addr);
 
-        }
+  }
 
-        /* Is the section header table of ELF valid? */
+  /* Is the section header table of ELF valid? */
-        if (CHECK_FLAG(mbi->flags, 5)){
+  if (CHECK_FLAG(mbi->flags, 5)){
-            multiboot_elf_section_header_table_t *multiboot_elf_sec = &(mbi->u.elf_sec);
+      multiboot_elf_section_header_table_t *multiboot_elf_sec = &(mbi->u.elf_sec);
 
-            printf("multiboot_elf_sec: num = %u, size = 0x%x, addr = 0x%x, shnd = 0x%x\n",
+      printf("multiboot_elf_sec: num = %u, size = 0x%x, addr = 0x%x, shnd = 0x%x\n",
-            (unsigned) multiboot_elf_sec->num, (unsigned) multiboot_elf_sec->size,
+      (unsigned) multiboot_elf_sec->num, (unsigned) multiboot_elf_sec->size,
-            (unsigned) multiboot_elf_sec->addr, (unsigned)  multiboot_elf_sec->shndx);
+      (unsigned) multiboot_elf_sec->addr, (unsigned)  multiboot_elf_sec->shndx);
-            
+      
-        }
+  }
 
-        /* Draw diagonal blue line */
+  /* Draw diagonal blue line */
-        if (CHECK_FLAG (mbt->flags, 12)){
+  if (CHECK_FLAG (mbt->flags, 11)){
-            printf("Can draw!");
+    printf("Can draw!");
-        } 
 
 
+
+    // Init vesa driver
+    initVBEDevice(mbt); 
+
+    // Turn pixel on in the middle of the screen;
+    putPixel( 50, 50 , 0x00FFFFFF);
+
+    putPixel(VbeModeInfo->width / 2 , VbeModeInfo->height / 2  , 0x00FF0000);
+    drawLine(50,10, 150, 8, 0x00FF00FF);
+
+
+  }
 }

src/kernel/gdt/gdtc.cpp

@@ -48,12 +48,13 @@ void initGDT(){
       gdtDescriptor.limit = ((sizeof(SegmentDescriptor ) * 5 ) - 1);
       gdtDescriptor.base = (unsigned int) &GlobalDescriptorTable;
 
+      printf("Hello GDT!\n");
 
 
       LoadGlobalDescriptorTable();
 
-      while (true)
+//      while (true)
-         asm volatile("hlt");
+//         asm volatile("hlt");
       
 
 

src/kernel/kernel.cpp

@@ -1,12 +1,18 @@
 #include "kernel.h"
 #define GB4 524288
 #define GB2 262144
+extern "C" void kernel_main (void);
+extern "C" void putPixel(int pos_x, int pos_y, unsigned char VGA_COLOR , unsigned char addr , unsigned char pixelWidth, unsigned pitch );
+
+
     extern "C" void early_main(unsigned long magic, unsigned long addr){
         /** initialize terminal interface */ 
-        kterm_init();
+       // kterm_init();
         
+        printf("Magic flag 0x%8x\n", magic);
+        printf("Magic must be 0x%8x\n", MULTIBOOT_BOOTLOADER_MAGIC);
         if (magic != MULTIBOOT_BOOTLOADER_MAGIC){
-            printf("Invalid magic number: 0x%x\n",  magic);
+            printf("Invalid magic number: 0x%8x\n",  magic);
             return;
         }
 
@@ -28,6 +34,9 @@
 
         initGDT();
 
+
+      kernel_main();
+
        
     }
 
@@ -36,6 +45,7 @@
         printf("call to init serial\n");
         init_serial();
 
+
         while (true){
             //Read time indefinetely 
             read_rtc();

src/kernel/serial.h

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 #pragma once
-
 #include "tty/kterm.h"
 #include "io.h"
+
 #define PORT 0x3f8 
-static int init_serial() {
+
+inline static int init_serial() {
    outb(PORT + 1, 0x00);    // Disable all interrupts
    outb(PORT + 3, 0x80);    // Enable DLAB (set baud rate divisor)
    outb(PORT + 0, 0x03);    // Set divisor to 3 (lo byte) 38400 baud
@@ -25,33 +26,95 @@ static int init_serial() {
    return 0;
 }
 
-int is_transmit_empty() {
+inline int is_transmit_empty() {
    return inb(PORT + 5) & 0x20;
 }
  
-void write_serial(char a) {
+inline void write_serial(char a) {
    while (is_transmit_empty() == 0);
  
    outb(PORT,a);
 }
 
-int serial_received() {
+inline int serial_received() {
    return inb(PORT + 5) & 1;
 }
  
-char read_serial() {
+inline char read_serial() {
    while (serial_received() == 0);
  
    return inb(PORT);
 }
 
-void print_serial(const char* string ){
+inline void print_serial(const char* string ){
     for(size_t i = 0; i < strlen(string); i ++){
         write_serial(string[i]);
     }
 }
 
-void test_serial(){
+
+inline void printf_serial ( const char *format, ...) {
+   
+    char **arg = (char **)&format;
+    int c;
+    char buf[20];
+
+    arg++;
+    
+    while ((c = *format++) != 0){
+        if( c != '%')
+            write_serial(c);
+        else{
+            char *p, *p2;
+            int pad0 = 0, pad = 0;
+
+            c = *format++;
+            if(c =='0'){
+                pad0 = 1;
+                c = *format++;
+            }
+
+            if ( c >= '0' && c <= '9'){
+                pad = c - '0';
+                c = *format++;
+            }
+
+            switch (c)
+            {
+            case 'd':
+             
+            case 'u':
+            case 'x':
+                itoa(buf, c, *((int *) arg++));
+
+                p = buf;
+                goto string;
+                break;
+            
+            case 's':
+                p = *arg++;
+                if(!p)
+                    p = "(null)";
+                
+                string: 
+                    for (p2 = p; *p2; p2++);
+                    for (; p2 < p + pad; p2++)
+                        write_serial(pad0 ? '0': ' ');
+                    while (*p)
+                        write_serial(*p++);
+                    break;
+
+
+            default:
+                write_serial(*((int *)arg++));
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+inline void test_serial(){
         /** Serial test **/
         kterm_writestring("Writing to COM1 serial port:");
         init_serial();

src/kernel/tty/kterm.cpp

@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ void kterm_writestring(const char* data ){
 }
 
 
-static void itoa (char *buf, int base, int d) {
+void itoa (char *buf, int base, int d) {
     char *p = buf;
     char *p1, *p2;
     unsigned long ud = d;
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ static void itoa (char *buf, int base, int d) {
 }
 
 void printf ( const char *format, ...) {
-    
+    return;
     char **arg = (char **)&format;
     int c;
     char buf[20];

src/kernel/tty/kterm.h

@@ -33,10 +33,9 @@ uint16_t get_cursor_position();
 int get_cursor_x (uint16_t cursor_pos);
 int get_cursor_y (uint16_t cursor_pos);
 
-
+extern "C"  void itoa (char *buf, int base, int d);
 void printf ( const char *format, ...);
 
-//static void itoa (char *buf, int base, int d);
 
 #define KernelTag "[Kernel]: "
 #define AS_KERNEL() (  kterm_setcolor(VGA_COLOR_LIGHT_BLUE),\

src/kernel/vesa.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+#include "vesa.h"
+VbeInfoBlock* vbeInfo;
+vbe_mode_info_structure* VbeModeInfo;
+
+void initVBEDevice(multiboot_info_t* mbt){
+    print_serial("initVBEDevice");
+
+    vbeInfo = (VbeInfoBlock*) mbt->vbe_control_info;
+    printf_serial("Signature: %s, V0x%x\n", vbeInfo->VbeSignature, vbeInfo->VbeVersion);
+
+    VbeModeInfo = (vbe_mode_info_structure*) mbt->vbe_mode_info;
+
+    printf_serial("VESA video mode info: Width: %d Height: %d BPP: %d\n", VbeModeInfo->width, VbeModeInfo->height , VbeModeInfo->bpp);
+    printf_serial("VideoMemory Location: 0x%x \n", VbeModeInfo->framebuffer );
+}
+
+void putPixel( int x, int y , uint32_t colour){
+    printf_serial("putPixel x: %d, y: %d\n", x, y);
+                    ///fb + mbt->framebuffer_pitch * y + 4 * x ,NOTE: this calculation is very important 
+    *(uint32_t*) (  VbeModeInfo->framebuffer + VbeModeInfo->pitch * y + 4  * x ) = colour;
+}
+void drawLine(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, uint32_t colour ){
+    print_serial("drawline\n");
+    // Bresenham's line algorithm??
+    int deltaX = x2 - x1;
+    int deltaY = y2 - y1;
+    int D = 2 * deltaY - deltaX;
+    int y = y1;
+
+    for ( int x = x1; x < x2; x++){
+      putPixel(x,y, colour);
+      if( D > 0){
+        y +=1;
+        D = D - 2 * deltaX;
+      }
+      D = D + 2 * deltaY;
+    }
+
+
+
+}
+void drawRect ( int x, int y, int width, int height, uint32_t colour ){
+    print_serial("drawRect\n");
+}
+
+
+void blueDiagnalLineTest(multiboot_info_t* mbt){
+    multiboot_uint32_t color;
+    unsigned i;
+    void *fb = (void *) (unsigned long) mbt->framebuffer_addr;
+
+     switch (mbt->framebuffer_type)
+        {
+        case MULTIBOOT_FRAMEBUFFER_TYPE_INDEXED:
+          {
+            unsigned best_distance, distance;
+            struct multiboot_color *palette;
+            
+            palette = (struct multiboot_color *) mbt->framebuffer_palette_addr;
+
+            color = 0;
+            best_distance = 4*256*256;
+            
+            for (i = 0; i < mbt->framebuffer_palette_num_colors; i++)
+              {
+                distance = (0xff - palette[i].blue) * (0xff - palette[i].blue)
+                  + palette[i].red * palette[i].red
+                  + palette[i].green * palette[i].green;
+                if (distance < best_distance)
+                  {
+                    color = i;
+                    best_distance = distance;
+                  }
+              }
+          }
+          break;
+
+        case MULTIBOOT_FRAMEBUFFER_TYPE_RGB:
+          color = ((1 << mbt->framebuffer_blue_mask_size) - 1) 
+            << mbt->framebuffer_blue_field_position;
+          break;
+
+        case MULTIBOOT_FRAMEBUFFER_TYPE_EGA_TEXT:
+          color = '\\' | 0x0100;
+          break;
+
+        default:
+          color = 0xffffffff;
+          break;
+        }
+      for (i = 0; i < mbt->framebuffer_width
+             && i < mbt->framebuffer_height; i++)
+        {
+          switch (mbt->framebuffer_bpp)
+            {
+            case 8:
+              {
+                multiboot_uint8_t *pixel = (multiboot_uint8_t*)fb + mbt->framebuffer_pitch * i + i;
+                *pixel = color;
+              }
+              break;
+            case 15:
+            case 16:
+              {
+                multiboot_uint16_t *pixel
+                  = (multiboot_uint16_t*)fb + mbt->framebuffer_pitch * i + 2 * i;
+                *pixel = color;
+              }
+              break;
+            case 24:
+              {
+                multiboot_uint32_t *pixel
+                  = (multiboot_uint32_t*)fb + mbt->framebuffer_pitch * i + 3 * i;
+                *pixel = (color & 0xffffff) | (*pixel & 0xff000000);
+              }
+              break;
+
+            case 32:
+              {
+                multiboot_uint32_t *pixel
+                  = (multiboot_uint32_t*)fb + mbt->framebuffer_pitch * i + 4 * i;
+                *pixel = color;
+              }
+              break;
+            }
+        }
+}
+

src/kernel/vesa.h

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+#pragma once 
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include "bootloader/multiboot.h"
+#include "serial.h"
+
+struct vbe_mode_info_structure{
+        uint16_t attributes;
+        uint8_t window_a;
+        uint8_t window_b;
+        uint16_t granularity;
+        uint16_t window_size;
+        uint16_t segment_a;
+        uint16_t segment_b;
+        uint32_t win_func_ptr;
+        uint16_t pitch;
+        uint16_t width;
+        uint16_t height;
+        uint8_t w_char;
+        uint8_t y_char;
+        uint8_t planes;
+        uint8_t bpp;
+        uint8_t banks;
+        uint8_t memory_model;
+        uint8_t bank_size;
+        uint8_t image_pages;
+        uint8_t reserved0;
+
+        uint8_t red_mask;
+        uint8_t red_position;
+        uint8_t green_mask;
+        uint8_t green_position;
+        uint8_t blue_mask;
+        uint8_t blue_position;
+        uint8_t reserved_mask;
+        uint8_t reserved_position;
+        uint8_t direct_color_attributes;
+
+        uint32_t framebuffer;
+        uint32_t off_screen_mem_off;
+        uint16_t off_screen_mem_size;
+        uint8_t reserved1[206];
+      }__attribute__((packed));
+
+struct VbeInfoBlock {
+        char VbeSignature[4];
+        uint16_t VbeVersion;
+        uint16_t OemStringPtr;
+        uint8_t Capabilities;
+        uint16_t VideoModePtr;
+        uint16_t TotalMemory;
+      }__attribute__((packed));
+
+extern VbeInfoBlock* vbeInfo;
+extern vbe_mode_info_structure* VbeModeInfo;
+
+
+
+void initVBEDevice(multiboot_info_t* mbt);
+
+void blueDiagnalLineTest(multiboot_info_t* mbt);
+
+
+// Primitive drawing functions  
+void putPixel( int x, int y , uint32_t colour);
+void drawLine(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, uint32_t colour );
+void drawRect ( int x, int y, int width, int height, uint32_t colour );