KERNEL: Implementing VMM & cleaning up

Folders now are alll lower case

Started working on the implementation of the Virtual memory manager. Implemented allocate and free page funtionality for as far as I can atm.

Implemented the

.gitignore

@@ -5,4 +5,6 @@ isodir/
 root/
 *.iso
 *.img
+*.sym
+
 

Makefile

@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@ EMULATOR = qemu-system-i386
 AS = ${HOME}/opt/cross/bin/i686-elf-as
 CC = ${HOME}/opt/cross/bin/i686-elf-gcc
 CPP = ${HOME}/opt/cross/bin/i686-elf-g++ 
-CFLAGS =  -ffreestanding -O2 -Wall -Wextra
+CFLAGS =  -ffreestanding -Og -ggdb  -Wall -Wextra
 
-OFILES =  $(BUILD_DIR)/boot.o $(BUILD_DIR)/kterm.o $(BUILD_DIR)/kernel.o  $(BUILD_DIR)/PhysicalMemoryManager.o $(BUILD_DIR)/io.o $(BUILD_DIR)/PageDirectory.o $(BUILD_DIR)/gdtc.o $(BUILD_DIR)/idt.o $(BUILD_DIR)/pic.o $(BUILD_DIR)/string.o
+OFILES =$(BUILD_DIR)/boot.o $(BUILD_DIR)/kterm.o $(BUILD_DIR)/kernel.o $(BUILD_DIR)/memory.o  $(BUILD_DIR)/paging.o	$(BUILD_DIR)/pit.o 	$(BUILD_DIR)/time.o	$(BUILD_DIR)/keyboard.o	 $(BUILD_DIR)/io.o 	$(BUILD_DIR)/gdtc.o $(BUILD_DIR)/idt.o $(BUILD_DIR)/pic.o $(BUILD_DIR)/sv-terminal.o $(BUILD_DIR)/string.o  $(BUILD_DIR)/prekernel.o $(BUILD_DIR)/cpu.o
 
-SRC_DIR = src
+SRC_DIR = source
 BUILD_DIR = build
 
 CRTBEGIN_OBJ = $(shell $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -print-file-name=crtbegin.o)
@@ -23,8 +23,6 @@ all: clean build
 
 build: build_kernel iso
 
-
-
 clean_iso: 
 	if [[ -a isodir/boot ]] ; then rm root/boot -rd ; fi
 	if [ -f build/barinkOS.iso ] ; then rm build/barinkOS.iso ; fi
@@ -32,15 +30,19 @@ clean_iso:
 iso: clean_iso clean build
 	mkdir -p root/boot/grub
 	cp build/myos.bin root/boot/myos.bin
-	cp src/grub.cfg root/boot/grub/grub.cfg
+	cp source/grub.cfg root/boot/grub/grub.cfg
 	grub-mkrescue -o build/barinkOS.iso root
 	
-test:
+run: all
-	$(EMULATOR)  -kernel $(BUILD_DIR)/myos.bin -serial stdio -vga std -monitor stdio -display gtk -m 2G -cpu core2duo 
+	$(EMULATOR) -cdrom build/barinkOS.iso -serial stdio -vga std -display gtk -m 2G -cpu core2duo
+
+debug: all
+	objcopy --only-keep-debug build/myos.bin kernel.sym
+	$(EMULATOR) -cdrom build/barinkOS.iso -serial stdio -vga std -display gtk -m 2G -cpu core2duo -s -d int
 
 build_kernel: $(OBJ_LINK_LIST)
 	$(CC) -T $(SRC_DIR)/kernel//linker.ld -o $(BUILD_DIR)/myos.bin \
-	 -ffreestanding -O2 -nostdlib $(OBJ_LINK_LIST) -lgcc
+	 -ffreestanding -ggdb -Og -nostdlib $(OBJ_LINK_LIST) -lgcc
 
 build_x86_64: 
 	$(AS) $(SRC_DIR)/cgc/x86_64/crti.s -o $(BUILD_DIR)/crti_64.o
@@ -53,10 +55,10 @@ $(BUILD_DIR)/kernel.o:
 	$(CPP) -c $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/kernel.cpp -o $(BUILD_DIR)/kernel.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
 
 $(BUILD_DIR)/kterm.o:
-	$(CPP) -c $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/tty/kterm.cpp  -o $(BUILD_DIR)/kterm.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
+	$(CPP) -c $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/terminal/kterm.cpp  -o $(BUILD_DIR)/kterm.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
 
 $(BUILD_DIR)/boot.o:
-	$(AS) $(SRC_DIR)/kernel//boot.S -o $(BUILD_DIR)/boot.o
+	$(AS) $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/boot/boot.s -o $(BUILD_DIR)/boot.o
 
 $(BUILD_DIR)/crti.o:
 	$(AS) $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/crti.s -o $(BUILD_DIR)/crti.o
@@ -67,21 +69,43 @@ $(BUILD_DIR)/crtn.o:
 $(BUILD_DIR)/io.o:
 		$(CPP) -c $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/io.cpp  -o $(BUILD_DIR)/io.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
 
-$(BUILD_DIR)/PageDirectory.o:
-	$(CPP) -c $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/memory/PageDirectory.cpp -o $(BUILD_DIR)/PageDirectory.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti 
 
 $(BUILD_DIR)/idt.o:
-	$(CPP) -c $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/idt/idt.cpp -o $(BUILD_DIR)/idt.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
+	$(CPP) -c $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/interrupts/idt/idt.cpp -o $(BUILD_DIR)/idt.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
 
 $(BUILD_DIR)/gdtc.o:
-	$(CPP) -c $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/gdt/gdtc.cpp -o $(BUILD_DIR)/gdtc.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
+	$(CPP) -c $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/memory/gdt/gdtc.cpp -o $(BUILD_DIR)/gdtc.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
 
 
 $(BUILD_DIR)/pic.o:
-	$(CPP) -c $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/pic/pic.cpp -o $(BUILD_DIR)/pic.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
+	$(CPP) -c $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/drivers/pic/pic.cpp -o $(BUILD_DIR)/pic.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
 
 $(BUILD_DIR)/string.o:
-	$(CC) -c $(SRC_DIR)/libc/include/string.c  -o $(BUILD_DIR)/string.o $(CFLAGS) -std=gnu99
+	$(CC) -c $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/lib/string.c  -o $(BUILD_DIR)/string.o $(CFLAGS) -std=gnu99
 
-$(BUILD_DIR)/PhysicalMemoryManager.o:
+
-	$(CPP) -c $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/memory/PhysicalMemoryManager.cpp  -o $(BUILD_DIR)/PhysicalMemoryManager.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
+$(BUILD_DIR)/pit.o:
+	$(CPP) -c $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/drivers/pit/pit.cpp  -o $(BUILD_DIR)/pit.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
+
+
+$(BUILD_DIR)/keyboard.o:
+	$(CPP) -c $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/drivers/ps-2/keyboard.cpp  -o $(BUILD_DIR)/keyboard.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
+
+
+$(BUILD_DIR)/time.o:
+	$(CPP) -c $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/time.cpp  -o $(BUILD_DIR)/time.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
+
+$(BUILD_DIR)/sv-terminal.o:
+	$(CPP) -c $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/supervisorterminal/superVisorTerminal.cpp  -o $(BUILD_DIR)/sv-terminal.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
+
+$(BUILD_DIR)/memory.o:
+	$(CPP) -c $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/memory/PhysicalMemoryManager.cpp  -o $(BUILD_DIR)/memory.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
+
+$(BUILD_DIR)/paging.o:
+	$(CPP) -c $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/memory/VirtualMemoryManager.cpp -o $(BUILD_DIR)/paging.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
+
+$(BUILD_DIR)/prekernel.o:
+	$(CPP) -c $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/prekernel/prekernel.cpp -o $(BUILD_DIR)/prekernel.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
+
+$(BUILD_DIR)/cpu.o:
+	$(CPP) -c $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/cpu.cpp -o $(BUILD_DIR)/cpu.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti

README.md

@@ -16,10 +16,16 @@ W.I.P - Working on interrupt handling
 
 ![Multiboot integration](screenshots/multiboot.png) \
 Multiboot information can be read by the kernel.
+
+![Page faulting](screenshots/PageFault.png) \
+Enabled paging and am getting page faults!
+
+
 ________________________
 
 ### The goal
-Writing a hobby operating system to better understand the basic building blocks of any operating system.
+Writing a hobby operating system to better understand the basic building blocks of any operating system.Initially I'd like for my 
+operating system to be able to run bash.
 
 ________________________
 ### Operating System Technical specs/details

features.md

@@ -1,29 +1,30 @@
 # TODO list 
-## Start planning
+## Basics
 <input type="checkbox" checked/> Setup Cross-Compiler \
 <input type="checkbox" checked/> Multiboot to kernel \
 <input type="checkbox" checked/> Printing string to the screen \
-<input type="checkbox" checked/> Printing values/numbers to the screen (a.k.k itoa) \
+<input type="checkbox" checked/> Printing values/numbers to the screen \
+<input type="checkbox" checked/> Basic Terminal \
 <input type="checkbox" checked/> Extend Multiboot implementation \
 <input type="checkbox" checked/> Output to serial port \
 <input type="checkbox" checked/> Move to protected mode \
 <input type="checkbox" checked/> Enabel CMOS clock \
-<input type="checkbox" /> Time measurement (PIC &| PIT) \
+<input type="checkbox" checked/> Time measurement (PIC &| PIT) \
 <input type="checkbox" /> Detect CPU speed \
 <input type="checkbox" checked/> Interrupt / exception system (API) \
-
+<input type="checkbox" checked/> PCI support \
-<input type="checkbox" checked/> Plan your memory map (virtual, and physical) : decide where you want the data to be. \
+<input type="checkbox" checked/> ATA PIO Mode support \
+<input type="checkbox" checked/> FAT Filesystem \
+<input type="checkbox" /> Virtual filesystem \
+<input type="checkbox" checked/> Keyboard support ( P/S2 Keyboard) \
+<input type="checkbox" checked/> Physical memory management \
+<input type="checkbox" />  Paging \
+<input type="checkbox" /> Virtual memory management \
 <input type="checkbox" /> The heap: allocating memory at runtime (malloc and free) is almost impossible to go without. \
 <input type="checkbox" /> Enable SIMD Extensions (SSE)
 
-## Other features I am thinking of:
+<input type="checkbox" /> Hardware Management system
-<input type="checkbox" /> PCI support \
+
-<input type="checkbox" /> ATA PIO Mode support \
-<input type="checkbox" /> USTAR Filesystem ( For its simplicity this is very likely the first filesystem the OS is going to support) \
-<input type="checkbox" /> ACPI support ( Or some other basic way to support shutdown, reboot and possibly hibernation ) \
-<input type="checkbox" /> ATAPI support \
-<input type="checkbox" /> Keyboard support ( P/S2 Keyboard) \
-<input type="checkbox" checked/> Memory Management (MMU)   
 <input type="checkbox" /> Preemptive multi tasking \
 <input type="checkbox" /> Processes  \
 <input type="checkbox" /> Threads  
@@ -32,9 +33,11 @@
 <input type="checkbox" /> POSIX compliance (partially) \
 <input type="checkbox" /> RPC - for interprocess communication \
 <input type="checkbox" /> Sync primitives  - Semaphores, Mutexes, spinlocks et al. \
-<input type="checkbox" /> Basic Terminal \
+
-<input type="checkbox" /> Extend hardware recognition ( CPU codename, memory, ATA harddisk, RAW diskSpace, CPU speed through SMBIOS et al. ) \
+<input type="checkbox" /> ACPI support  \
+<input type="checkbox" /> ATAPI support \
+
+## Optional 
 <input type="checkbox" /> Basic Window server/client \
-## Support for more filesystems if I like the challenge in writing these ...
-<input type="checkbox" /> FAT Filesystem \
 <input type="checkbox" /> EXT2 Filesystem 
+<input type="checkbox" /> USTAR Filesystem \

scripts/dev-setup/install.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+cmake -DLLVM_ENABLE_PROJECTS="clang-tools-extra"  -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -G "Unix Makefiles" ../llvm

scripts/hooks/pre-commit.hook.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+
+# Run clang-tidy 
+

source/grub.cfg

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+menuentry "BarinkOS" {
+    multiboot /boot/myos.bin
+}
+
+menuentry "BarinkOS Tests" {
+    multiboot /boot/myos.bin
+}
+
+

source/kernel/bitmap.h

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#pragma once 
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+
+inline void bitmap_set( uint32_t* map , int index )
+{
+    map[index/32] |= (1 << (index % 32));
+}
+
+inline void bitmap_unset(uint32_t* map , int index)
+{
+    map[index/32] &= ~(1 << (index % 32));
+}
+
+inline uint32_t bitmap_first_unset( uint32_t* map , int map_size)
+{
+    for ( int i = 0 ; i < map_size ; i ++ )
+    {
+        // a bit or more is set within this byte!
+        if( (map[i] & 0xFFFFFFFF) > 0 ){
+
+            // which bit is set? 
+            for(int j = 0 ; j < 32 ; j++){
+                if ( (map[i] & (0x00000001 << j)) > 0)
+                {
+                    printf("Found bit: byte 0x%x , bit 0x%x\n", i , j);
+                    return (i*32)+j;
+                }
+            }
+
+        
+        }
+
+
+    }
+
+    return -1;
+    
+}

source/kernel/boot/boot.s

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+.include "./source/kernel/boot/multiboot.s"
+/*
+*	Allocate initial stack
+*/
+.section .bootstrap_stack, "aw", @nobits
+stack_bottom:
+.skip 16384 # 16 KiB
+stack_top:
+
+/*
+* Preallocate a couple pages to get us bootstrapped 
+* Being carefull to not use any address the bootloader might 
+* be using for its multiboot structures
+*/
+.section .bss, "aw", @nobits
+	.align 4096
+.globl boot_page_directory
+boot_page_directory:
+	.skip 4096
+.globl boot_page_table
+boot_page_table:
+	.skip 4096
+.globl multiboot_page_table
+multiboot_page_table:
+	.skip 4096
+# More page tables may be required
+
+# Entry point
+.section .multiboot.text, "a"
+.global _start
+.type _start, @function 
+_start:
+
+	/* push the pointer to the Multiboot information structure*/
+	pushl %ebx
+
+	/* push the magic value */
+	pushl %eax
+	call prekernelSetup
+
+	# Get physical address of the boot_page_table
+	movl $(boot_page_table - 0xC0000000), %edi
+	# Map address 0
+	movl $0, %esi
+1:	
+	cmpl $(_kernel_end - 0xC0000000), %esi
+	jge 3f
+
+	# Map physical address as "present and writable"
+	movl %esi, %edx
+	orl $0x003, %edx
+	movl %edx, (%edi)
+
+2: # Size of page is 4096 bytes
+	addl $4096, %esi
+	# Size of entries in boot_page_table is 4 bytes
+	addl $4, %edi 
+	# Loop to the next entry if we haven't finished.
+	loop 1b
+
+3:	# Map VGA video memory to 0xC03FF00 as "present, writable"
+	movl $(0x000B8000 | 0x003), boot_page_table - 0xC0000000 + 1023 * 4
+
+	# Map the page table to both virtual addresss 0x00000000 and 0xC0000000
+	movl $(boot_page_table - 0xC0000000 + 0x003), boot_page_directory - 0xC0000000 + 0
+	movl $(boot_page_table - 0xC0000000 + 0x003), boot_page_directory - 0xC0000000 + 768 * 4
+
+	# Set cr3 to the address of the boot_page_directory
+	movl $(boot_page_directory - 0xC0000000), %ecx
+	movl %ecx, %cr3
+
+	# Enable paging and the write-protect bit
+	movl %cr0, %ecx
+	orl $0x80010000, %ecx
+	movl %ecx, %cr0
+
+	# Jump to higher half with an absolute jump
+	lea 4f, %ecx
+	jmp *%ecx
+
+.section .text
+4:
+	# At this point, paging is fully set up and enabled
+isPaging:
+	# Unmap the identity mapping as it is now unnecessary  
+	movl $0, boot_page_directory + 0
+	
+	# Reload cr3 to force tlb flush 
+	movl %cr3, %ecx
+	movl %ecx, %cr3
+
+	/*Setup the stack pointer to point to the beginning of our stack */
+	/* I believe its a high address growing down to lower adress for the stack on x86*/
+	mov $stack_top, %esp
+
+	/*Reset EFLAGS*/
+	pushl $0 
+	popf 
+
+	call early_main
+
+	cli
+1:	hlt
+	jmp 1b
+
+
+.include "./source/kernel/memory/gdt/gdt.s"
+.include "./source/kernel/irs_table.s"
+.include "./source/kernel/irq_table.s"
+.include "./source/kernel/interrupts/idt/idt.s"
+
+

source/kernel/boot/multiboot.s

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+/*
+ * Multiboot 
+ */
+.set ALIGN,    1<<0             /* align loaded modules on page boundaries */
+.set MEMINFO,  1<<1             /* provide memory map */
+.set FLAGS,    ALIGN | MEMINFO  /* this is the Multiboot 'flag' field */
+.set MAGIC,    0x1BADB002       /* 'magic number' lets bootloader find the header */
+.set CHECKSUM, -(MAGIC + FLAGS) /* checksum of above, to prove we are multiboot */
+
+.section .multiboot.data, "aw"
+.align 4
+.long MAGIC
+.long FLAGS
+.long CHECKSUM
+ 

source/kernel/cpu.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#include "cpu.h"
+
+
+uint32_t GetEFLAGS()
+{
+    uint32_t EFLAGS = 0;
+    asm volatile ("pushfl;" "movl 4(%%esp), %%edx" : "=d"(EFLAGS));
+    return EFLAGS;
+}
+
+
+uint32_t GetCR0()
+{   
+    uint32_t cr0_value;
+    asm volatile ("movl %%cr0, %%edx" : "=d"(cr0_value));
+    return cr0_value;
+
+}
+
+
+uint32_t GetCR2(){
+    uint32_t cr2_value;
+    __asm__ volatile("movl %%cr2, %%edx": "=d"(cr2_value));
+    return cr2_value;
+}
+
+
+uint32_t GetCR3(){
+    uint32_t cr3_value;
+    __asm__ volatile("movl %%cr3, %%edx": "=d"(cr3_value));
+    return cr3_value;
+}
+
+
+uint32_t GetCR4(){
+    uint32_t cr4_value;
+    __asm__ volatile("movl %%cr4, %%edx": "=d"(cr4_value));
+    return cr4_value;
+}

source/kernel/cpu.h

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+/*
+Based on Intel specifications.
+
+C++ interface for the cpu.s assembly file.
+
+©Nigel Barink - 2022 
+*/
+
+/*
+*       EFLAGS FUNCTIONS
+*/
+
+uint32_t GetEFLAGS();
+
+
+
+/*
+*       CONTROL_REGISTER_0 FUNCTIONS
+*/
+uint32_t GetCR0();
+
+/*
+ struct CR0_Register  {
+        uint8_t PE :1; // Protection Mode Enabled 0
+        uint8_t MP :1; // Monitor co-processor 1
+        uint8_t EM :1; // Emulation 2
+        uint8_t TS :1; // Task switched 3
+        uint8_t ET :1; // Extension Type 4
+        uint8_t NE :1; // Numeric error 5
+        uint16_t Reserved :10; // 6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15
+        uint8_t WP :1; // Write Protect 16
+        uint8_t Reserved :1; // 17
+        uint8_t AM :1; // Alligment Task 18
+        uint16_t Reserved :10; // 19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28
+        uint8_t NW :1; // Not-write through 29
+        uint8_t CD :1; // Cache disable 30
+        uint8_t PG :1; // Paging 31
+    };*/
+
+
+
+#define GET_PE_BIT(CONTROL_REGISTER_0) (CONTROL_REGISTER_0&0x1)
+#define GET_MP_BIT(CONTROL_REGISTER_0) (CONTROL_REGISTER_0&0x2)
+#define GET_EM_BIT(CONTROL_REGISTER_0) (CONTROL_REGISTER_0&0x3)
+#define GET_TS_BIT(CONTROL_REGISTER_0) (CONTROL_REGISTER_0&0x4)
+#define GET_ET_BIT(CONTROL_REGISTER_0) (CONTROL_REGISTER_0&0x5)
+#define GET_NE_BIT(CONTROL_REGISTER_0) (CONTROL_REGISTER_0&0x6)
+
+
+#define GET_PG_BIT(CONTROL_REGISTER_0) (CONTROL_REGISTER_0>>31)
+
+/*
+*       CONTROL_REGISTER_4 FUNCTIONS
+*/
+
+uint32_t GetCR4();
+
+#define GET_PSE_BIT(CONTROL_REGISTER_4) (CONTROL_REGISTER_4&0x4)
+#define GET_PAE_BIT(CONTROL_REGISTER_4) (CONTROL_REGISTER_4&0x5)
+
+/*
+*       CONTROL_REGISTER_2 FUNCTIONS
+*/
+
+uint32_t GetCR2();
+
+/*
+*       CONTROL_REGISTER_3 FUNCTIONS
+*/
+
+uint32_t GetCR3();

source/kernel/definitions.h

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#pragma once 
+/**
+ * Kernel definitions
+ */
+
+#define __DEBUG__ false
+#define KERNEL_VERSION 0
+
+#define ARCHITECTURE "I386"

source/kernel/drivers/cmos/cmos.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+void ReadFromCMOS(unsigned char array[])
+{
+    unsigned char tvalue, index;
+
+    for (index = 0; index < 128; index++)
+    {
+        asm(
+            "cli\n\t"           // Disable interrupts
+            "mov al, index\n\t" // Move index address
+            // since the 0x80 bit of al is not set, NMI is active 
+            "out 0x70,al\n\t" // Copy address to CMOS register
+            // some kind of real delay here is probably best 
+            "in al,0x71\n\t" // Fetch 1 byte to al
+            "sti\n\t"        // Enable interrupts
+            "mov tvalue,al\n\t");
+
+        array[index] = tvalue;
+    }
+}
+
+void WriteTOCMOS(unsigned char array[])
+{
+   unsigned char index;
+ 
+   for(index = 0; index < 128; index++)
+   {
+      unsigned char tvalue = array[index];
+      
+       asm("cli\n\t"       // Clear interrupts
+         "mov al,index\n\t"    // move index address
+         "out 0x70,al\n\t"     // copy address to CMOS register
+         // some kind of real delay here is probably best 
+         "mov al,tvalue\n\t"   // move value to al
+         "out 0x71,al\n\t"   // write 1 byte to CMOS
+         "sti\n\\t"   );        // Enable interrupts
+      
+   }
+}

source/kernel/drivers/pic/pic.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #pragma once 
-#include "../io.h"
+#include "../../io.h"
 
 #define PIC1		0x20		/* IO base address for master PIC */
 #define PIC2		0xA0		/* IO base address for slave PIC */

source/kernel/drivers/pit/pit.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+#include "pit.h"
+
+uint32_t pit_tick = 0;
+
+
+void pit_initialise()
+{
+    asm volatile("CLI");
+
+#ifdef __VERBOSE__
+    printf("Init PIT!\n");
+#endif
+    // clear mask for IRQ 0 
+    uint8_t value = inb(0x21) & ~(1<< 0);
+    outb(0x21, value);
+
+    io_wait();
+
+    const int freq = 500;
+
+    uint32_t divisor = 1193180 / freq;
+
+    outb(PIT_COMMAND, 0x36);
+
+    uint8_t l = (uint8_t) (divisor & 0xFF);
+    uint8_t h = (uint8_t) ( (divisor>>8) & 0xff);
+
+    outb(PIT_DATA_0, l);
+    outb(PIT_DATA_0,h);
+
+
+    asm volatile("STI");
+}
+
+
+void get_pit_count()
+{
+    asm volatile ("CLI");
+
+    outb(PIT_COMMAND, 0);
+    uint16_t count = inb(PIT_DATA_0);
+    count |= inb(PIT_DATA_0) << 8;
+
+    printf("PIT count: 0x%x\n", count); 
+
+    asm volatile("STI");   
+
+}
+
+void set_pit_count()
+{
+
+}
+

source/kernel/drivers/pit/pit.h

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#pragma once 
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include "../../io.h"
+#include "../../terminal/kterm.h"
+#define PIT_DATA_0 0x40
+#define PIT_DATA_1 0x41
+#define PIT_DATA_2 0x42
+#define PIT_COMMAND 0x43
+
+
+extern uint32_t pit_tick;
+
+
+void pit_initialise();
+
+
+void get_pit_count();
+
+void set_pit_count();

source/kernel/drivers/ps-2/keyboard.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#include "keyboard.h"
+
+KeyPressInfo keyPress {};
+
+void KeyHandled(){
+    keyPress.ScanCode= 0x00;
+    keyPress.PressedModifiers = 0x00;
+}
+
+
+char getASCIIKey(){
+    char keyPressed;
+    // Wait until a key is pressed  
+    while(keyPress.ScanCode == 0x00) {
+        asm volatile ("NOP");
+    }
+
+    
+    // Translate keycode to ascii 
+    // Probably a lookup table might be handy 
+    // Until 0x37
+     const char* ASCIILookUp =
+      "\01234567890-=\0\0QWERTYUIOP[]\0\0ASDFGHJKL;\'`\0\\ZXCVBNM,./\0"; 
+     
+     uint8_t ASCII_Index = keyPress.ScanCode - 3  ;
+     //printf("ASCII_INDEX: %x\n", ASCII_Index);
+     keyPressed = ASCIILookUp[ASCII_Index];
+
+    KeyHandled();
+
+    return keyPressed;
+}
+
+
+
+uint8_t getKey(){
+    // Wait until a key is pressed 
+    while(keyPress.ScanCode == 0x00){
+        asm volatile ("NOP");
+    }
+    
+    if( keyPress.ScanCode > 0x37){
+        keyPress.ScanCode = 0x00;
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    uint8_t ScanCode = keyPress.ScanCode;
+   // KeyHandled();
+
+    return  ScanCode ;
+}

source/kernel/drivers/ps-2/keyboard.h

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include "../../terminal/kterm.h"
+enum ScanCodeSet {
+    None            =   0,
+    ScanCodeSet1    =   1,
+    ScanCodeSet2    =   2,
+    ScanCodeSet3    =   3,
+};
+
+enum Modifiers {
+    LSHIFT  =   1,
+    RSHIFT  =   2,
+
+    LCTRL   =   3,
+    RCTRL   =   4,
+
+    LALT    =   5,
+    RALT    =   6
+};
+
+struct KeyPressInfo{ 
+    uint8_t PressedModifiers;
+    uint8_t ScanCode;
+};
+
+
+
+extern KeyPressInfo keyPress;
+
+void KeyHandled();
+
+char getASCIIKey();
+uint8_t getKey();

source/kernel/filesystem/FAT/FAT16.h

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "../../vfs/File.h"
+
+
+class FAT16 : File  {
+public:
+    
+};

source/kernel/interrupts/idt/idt.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,395 @@
+#include "idt.h"
+#include "../../drivers/pit/pit.h"
+#include "../../drivers/ps-2/keyboard.h"
+#include "../../cpu.h"
+IDT_entry idt_table[256];
+IDT_ptr idt_ptr;
+
+
+void set_id_entry (uint8_t num , uint32_t base, uint16_t sel,  uint8_t flags){
+    idt_table[num].offset_1 = base & 0xFFFF;
+    idt_table[num].selector = sel;
+    idt_table[num].zero = 0;
+    idt_table[num].type_attr = flags;
+    idt_table[num].offset_2 = (base >> 16) & 0xFFFF;
+
+};
+
+void irs_handler (registers regs) {
+     uint32_t FaultingAddress;
+        //printf("(IRS) Interrupt number: %d \r", regs.int_no);
+        switch (regs.int_no)
+        {
+        case 0:
+            // Divide Error #DE
+            printf("#DE\n");
+            printf("EIP: 0x%x\n", regs.eip);
+            printf("EAX: 0x%x\n", regs.eax);
+            printf("EBP: 0x%x\n", regs.ebp);
+        break;
+        
+        case 1:
+            // Debug Exception #DB
+            printf("#DB\n");
+            printf("EIP: 0x%x\n", regs.eip);
+            printf("EAX: 0x%x\n", regs.eax);
+            printf("EBP: 0x%x\n", regs.ebp);
+        break;
+
+        case 2:
+            // NMI Interrupt 
+            printf("#NMI\n");
+        break;
+        
+        case 3:
+            // Breakpoint Exception #BP
+            printf("#BP\n");
+            printf("EIP: 0x%x\n", regs.eip);
+            printf("EAX: 0x%x\n", regs.eax);
+            printf("EBP: 0x%x\n", regs.ebp);
+        break;
+        
+        case 4:
+            // Overflow Exception #OF
+            printf("#OF\n");
+            printf("EIP: 0x%x\n", regs.eip);
+            printf("EAX: 0x%x\n", regs.eax);
+            printf("EBP: 0x%x\n", regs.ebp);
+        break;
+        
+        case 5:
+            // BOUND Range Exceeded Exception #BR
+            printf("#BR\n");
+            printf("EIP: 0x%x\n", regs.eip);
+            printf("EAX: 0x%x\n", regs.eax);
+            printf("EBP: 0x%x\n", regs.ebp);
+        break;
+        
+        case 6:
+            // Invalid OpCode Exception #UD 
+            printf("#UD\n");
+            printf("EIP: 0x%x\n", regs.eip);
+            printf("EAX: 0x%x\n", regs.eax);
+            printf("EBP: 0x%x\n", regs.ebp);
+        break;
+        
+        case 7:
+            // Device Not Available Exception  #NM
+            printf("#NM\n");
+            printf("EIP: 0x%x\n", regs.eip);
+            printf("EAX: 0x%x\n", regs.eax);
+            printf("EBP: 0x%x\n", regs.ebp);
+        break;
+        
+        case 8:
+            // Double Fault Exception #DF
+            printf("#DF\n");
+            printf("EIP: 0x%x\n", regs.eip);
+            printf("EAX: 0x%x\n", regs.eax);
+            printf("EBP: 0x%x\n", regs.ebp);
+        break;
+
+        case 9:
+            // Coprocessor Segment Overrun
+            printf("Coprocessor Segment overrun!\n");
+        break;
+        
+        case 10:
+            // Invalid TSS Exception #TS
+            printf("#TS\n");
+            printf("EIP: 0x%x\n", regs.eip);
+            printf("EAX: 0x%x\n", regs.eax);
+            printf("EBP: 0x%x\n", regs.ebp);
+        break;
+
+        case 11:
+            // Segment Not Present #NP
+            printf("#NP\n");
+            printf("EIP: 0x%x\n", regs.eip);
+            printf("EAX: 0x%x\n", regs.eax);
+            printf("EBP: 0x%x\n", regs.ebp);
+        break;
+        
+        case 12:
+            // Stack Fault Exception #SS
+            printf("#SS\n");
+            printf("EIP: 0x%x\n", regs.eip);
+            printf("EAX: 0x%x\n", regs.eax);
+            printf("EBP: 0x%x\n", regs.ebp);
+        break;
+        
+        case 13:
+            // General Protection Exception #GP
+            printf("#GP\n");
+
+            printf("Accessing memory caused a general protectuion exception.\n");
+            
+            printf("Fault due to entry at index: %d", (regs.err_code >> 3 & 0xFFF ) );
+
+            if(regs.err_code & 0x3 >> 1 == 0   ){
+                printf("* Index references GDT");
+            }
+            if(regs.err_code & 0x3 >> 1 == 1  ){
+                printf("* Index references IDT");
+            }
+
+            if(regs.err_code & 0x3 >> 1 == 2   ){
+                printf("* Index references LDT");
+            }
+
+            if(regs.err_code & 0x3 >> 1 == 4  ){
+                printf("* Index references IDT");
+            }
+
+            if( regs.err_code & 0x1)
+            {
+                printf("* Originated externally!");
+            }
+
+            __asm__("cli;" "1: hlt;" "jmp 1b;");
+
+        break;
+        
+        case 14:
+            // Page Fault Exception #PF
+            printf("#PF\n");
+
+            FaultingAddress = GetCR2();
+            printf("Accessing the linear address 0x%x resulted in a page fault!\n\n", FaultingAddress);
+        
+            // Error code of 32 bits are on the stack
+            // CR2 register contains the 32-bit linear virtual address that generated the exception
+            // See Intel Software Developers manual Volume 3A Part 1 page 236 for more info
+            #define PF_ERR_PRESENT_BIT 0x1
+            #define PF_ERR_WRITE_BIT 0x2
+            #define PF_ERR_USER_BIT 0x3
+            #define PF_ERR_RESERVERD_WRITE_BIT 0x4
+            #define PF_ERR_INSTRUCTION_FETCH_BIT 0x5
+            #define PF_ERR_PROTECTION_KEY_BIT 0x6
+            #define PF_ERR_SHADOW_STACK_BIT 0x7
+            #define PF_ERR_SOFTWARE_GUARD_EXTENSION_BIT 0xE
+
+            printf("REASON: \n\n");
+
+         
+            if (regs.err_code & PF_ERR_PRESENT_BIT ){
+                printf("* Page protection violation!\n");
+            } else{
+                printf("* Page not-present!\n");
+            }
+
+            if(regs.err_code & PF_ERR_WRITE_BIT){
+                printf("* Write access violation!\n");
+            } else{
+                printf("* Read access violation!\n");
+            }
+
+            if(regs.err_code & PF_ERR_USER_BIT){
+                printf("* Violation from user-space (CPL=3)\n");
+            }
+
+            if(regs.err_code & PF_ERR_INSTRUCTION_FETCH_BIT){
+                printf("* Caused by an instruction fetch. \n");
+            }
+
+            /*
+                Check the error code to figure out what happened here
+            */
+            __asm__("cli;" "1: hlt;" "jmp 1b;");
+
+
+            
+    
+        break;
+        
+        case 16:
+            // x87 FPU Floating-point Error #MF
+            printf("#MF\n");
+            printf("EIP: 0x%x\n", regs.eip);
+            printf("EAX: 0x%x\n", regs.eax);
+            printf("EBP: 0x%x\n", regs.ebp);
+        break;
+        
+        case 17:
+            // Alignment Check Exception #AC
+            printf("#AC\n");
+            printf("EIP: 0x%x\n", regs.eip);
+            printf("EAX: 0x%x\n", regs.eax);
+            printf("EBP: 0x%x\n", regs.ebp); 
+        break;
+        
+        case 18:
+            // Machine-Check Exception #MC
+            printf("#MC\n");
+            printf("EIP: 0x%x\n", regs.eip);
+            printf("EAX: 0x%x\n", regs.eax);
+            printf("EBP: 0x%x\n", regs.ebp); 
+        break;
+        
+        case 19:
+            // SIMD Floating-point Exception #XM
+            printf("#XM\n");
+            printf("EIP: 0x%x\n", regs.eip);
+            printf("EAX: 0x%x\n", regs.eax);
+            printf("EBP: 0x%x\n", regs.ebp); 
+        break;
+        
+        case 20:
+             // Virtualization Exception #VE
+            printf("#VE\n");
+            printf("EIP: 0x%x\n", regs.eip);
+            printf("EAX: 0x%x\n", regs.eax);
+            printf("EBP: 0x%x\n", regs.ebp); 
+        break;
+        
+        case 21:
+             // Control Protection Exception #CP
+            printf("#CP\n");
+            printf("EIP: 0x%x\n", regs.eip);
+            printf("EAX: 0x%x\n", regs.eax);
+            printf("EBP: 0x%x\n", regs.ebp); 
+        break;
+
+        default:
+            // PANIC!!!
+            break;
+        }
+
+      
+        
+}
+
+void irq_handler (registers regs) {
+
+    
+
+    switch (regs.int_no) {
+    case 0:
+            pit_tick++;
+        break;
+    case 1:
+        // Keyboard interrupt !!
+
+        int scan;
+        int i;/*register*/
+
+        // Read scancode 
+        scan = inb(0x60);
+        
+        // Send ack message!
+        i = inb(0x61);
+        outb(0x61, i|0x80);
+        outb(0x61, i);
+
+        // NOTE: check for special scan codes 
+        // e.g. modifiers etc..
+        if( scan < 0x37){
+            //printf("Read from IO: 0x%x\n", scan);
+            keyPress.ScanCode = scan ;
+            //printf( "[From Interrupt] Scancode: %x\n", keyPress.ScanCode);
+
+        }
+
+        
+        break;    
+    case 12:
+        // PS2 Mouse interrupt 
+        printf("Mouse event triggered!");
+        //int event = inb(0x60);
+        break;
+
+    default:
+        printf("Interrupt happened!");
+        printf("Received INT: 0x%x\n", regs.int_no);
+        break;
+    }        
+
+    outb(0x20, 0x20); // send end of interrupt to master
+
+    if ( regs.int_no > 8 && regs.int_no <= 15) {
+        outb(0xA0, 0x20); // send end of interrupt to slave 
+    }
+    
+    
+    if( regs.int_no == 13){
+        printf(" Error code: %d \n", regs.err_code);
+
+    }
+
+}
+
+void init_idt(){
+    // Initialise the IDT pointer
+    idt_ptr.length = sizeof(IDT_entry) * 255;
+    idt_ptr.base = (uint32_t)&idt_table;
+
+#ifdef __VERBOSE__
+    printf("Init IDT\n");
+#endif
+
+    // TODO: Set everything to zero first
+
+    set_id_entry(0,  (uint32_t) irs0 , 0x08, 0x8F);
+    set_id_entry(1,  (uint32_t) irs1 , 0x08, 0x8E);
+    set_id_entry(2,  (uint32_t) irs2 , 0x08, 0x8E);
+    set_id_entry(3,  (uint32_t) irs3 , 0x08, 0x8E);
+    set_id_entry(4,  (uint32_t) irs4 , 0x08, 0x8E);
+    set_id_entry(5,  (uint32_t) irs5 , 0x08, 0x8E);
+    set_id_entry(6,  (uint32_t) irs6 , 0x08, 0x8E);
+    set_id_entry(7,  (uint32_t) irs7 , 0x08, 0x8E);
+    set_id_entry(8,  (uint32_t) irs8 , 0x08, 0x8E);
+    set_id_entry(9,  (uint32_t) irs9 , 0x08, 0x8E);
+    set_id_entry(10, (uint32_t) irs10 , 0x08, 0x8E);
+    set_id_entry(11, (uint32_t) irs11 , 0x08, 0x8E);
+    set_id_entry(12, (uint32_t) irs12 , 0x08, 0x8E);
+    set_id_entry(13, (uint32_t) irs13 , 0x08, 0x8E);
+    set_id_entry(14, (uint32_t) irs14 , 0x08, 0x8E);
+    set_id_entry(15, (uint32_t) irs15 , 0x08, 0x8E);
+    set_id_entry(16, (uint32_t) irs16 , 0x08, 0x8E);
+    set_id_entry(17, (uint32_t) irs17 , 0x08, 0x8E);
+    set_id_entry(18, (uint32_t) irs18 , 0x08, 0x8E);
+    set_id_entry(19, (uint32_t) irs19 , 0x08, 0x8E); 
+    set_id_entry(20, (uint32_t) irs20 , 0x08, 0x8E);
+    set_id_entry(21, (uint32_t) irs21 , 0x08, 0x8E);
+    set_id_entry(22, (uint32_t) irs22 , 0x08, 0x8E);
+    set_id_entry(23, (uint32_t) irs23 , 0x08, 0x8E);
+    set_id_entry(24, (uint32_t) irs24 , 0x08, 0x8E);
+    set_id_entry(25, (uint32_t) irs25 , 0x08, 0x8E);
+    set_id_entry(26, (uint32_t) irs26 , 0x08, 0x8E);
+    set_id_entry(27, (uint32_t) irs27 , 0x08, 0x8E); 
+    set_id_entry(28, (uint32_t) irs28 , 0x08, 0x8E);
+    set_id_entry(29, (uint32_t) irs29 , 0x08, 0x8E);
+    set_id_entry(30, (uint32_t) irs30 , 0x08, 0x8E);
+    set_id_entry(31, (uint32_t) irs31 , 0x08, 0x8E);
+
+
+    //print_serial("Remapping PIC\n");
+    PIC_remap(0x20, 0x28);
+
+    // clear mask for IRQ 12
+    uint8_t value = inb(0x21) & ~(1<< 12);
+    outb(0x21, value);
+
+
+
+    // pic IRQ Table
+    set_id_entry(32, (uint32_t)irq0, 0x08, 0x8E);
+    set_id_entry(33, (uint32_t)irq1, 0x08, 0x8E); // PS2 Keyboard
+    set_id_entry(34, (uint32_t)irq2, 0x08, 0x8E);
+    set_id_entry(35, (uint32_t)irq3, 0x08, 0x8E);
+    set_id_entry(36, (uint32_t)irq4, 0x08, 0x8E);
+    set_id_entry(37, (uint32_t)irq5, 0x08, 0x8E);
+    set_id_entry(38, (uint32_t)irq6, 0x08, 0x8E);
+    set_id_entry(39, (uint32_t)irq7, 0x08, 0x8E);
+    set_id_entry(40, (uint32_t)irq8, 0x08, 0x8E);
+    set_id_entry(41, (uint32_t)irq9, 0x08, 0x8E);
+    set_id_entry(42, (uint32_t)irq10, 0x08, 0x8E);
+    set_id_entry(43, (uint32_t)irq11, 0x08, 0x8E);
+    set_id_entry(44, (uint32_t)irq12, 0x08, 0x8E); // PS2 Mouse
+    set_id_entry(45, (uint32_t)irq13, 0x08, 0x8E);
+    set_id_entry(46, (uint32_t)irq14, 0x08, 0x8E);
+    set_id_entry(47, (uint32_t)irq15, 0x08, 0x8E);
+
+    
+    idt_flush((uint32_t)&idt_ptr);
+}

source/kernel/interrupts/idt/idt.h

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include "stdint.h"
+#include <stdint.h>
-#include "stddef.h"
+#include <stddef.h>
-#include "../vga/colors.h"
+#include "../../drivers/vga/colors.h"
-#include "../pic/pic.h"
+#include "../../drivers/pic/pic.h"
 
-#include "../tty/kterm.h"
+#include "../../terminal/kterm.h"
 
 
 extern "C" {

source/kernel/io.cpp

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ unsigned int inl_p(unsigned short ){
 }
 
 
-void outb_p(unsigned char , unsigned short ){
+void b_p(unsigned char , unsigned short ){
 
 }
 void outw(unsigned short , unsigned short ){

source/kernel/kernel.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+#include "kernel.h"
+extern "C" void early_main()
+{
+    kterm_init();
+    initGDT();
+
+
+    init_serial();
+    print_serial("Hello Higher half kernel!\n");
+ 
+    init_idt();
+    // Enable interrupts
+    asm volatile("STI");
+
+    /*
+     * Show a little banner for cuteness
+     */
+    printf("|===    BarinkOS       ===|\n");
+    printf("Kernel End Addr: 0x%x\n" , &kernel_end );
+
+    uint32_t PageDirectoryEntryIndex = ((uint32_t)&kernel_end + KERNEL_BASE_ADDR ) >> 22 ;
+
+    uint32_t PageTableEntryIndex = (((uint32_t)&kernel_end + KERNEL_BASE_ADDR) >> 12) & 0x1FFF;
+    
+    printf("Kernel End PDE: %d, PTE: %d\n" , PageDirectoryEntryIndex, PageTableEntryIndex);
+
+    uint32_t BootInfoStruct = BootInfoBlock_pptr + 0xC0000000;
+    printf("Addr BootInfostruct: 0x%x\n", BootInfoStruct);
+
+    uint32_t PageDirectoryEntryIndex2 = (BootInfoStruct  ) >> 2 ;
+
+    uint32_t PageTableEntryIndex2 = (BootInfoStruct >> 12) & 0x1FFF;
+
+    printf("PDE: 0x%x, PTE: 0x%x\n",  PageDirectoryEntryIndex2 , PageTableEntryIndex2 );
+
+    BootInfoBlock* BootInfo = (BootInfoBlock*) ( BootInfoBlock_pptr + 0xC0000000 );
+
+
+    printf("Size of BootInfoBlock: %d bytes\n", sizeof(BootInfoBlock));
+    printf("Bootloader information:\n");
+    if( BootInfo->ValidELFHeader )
+    {
+        printf("- Valid ELF Header is available!\n");
+    }
+
+    if(BootInfo->EnabledVBE)
+    {
+        printf("- VBE graphics mode is available!\n");
+    }
+
+    if(BootInfo->ValidSymbolTable)
+    {
+        printf("- Valid Symbol Table available at 0x%x.\n Tab Size: %d, str Size: %d\n", BootInfo->SymbolTableAddr, BootInfo->SymbolTabSize, BootInfo->SymbolStrSize);
+    }
+
+    if(BootInfo->PhysicalMemoryMapAvailable)
+    {
+        printf("- Physical Memory Map available!\n");
+        printf("MemoryInfoheap size : %d bytes\n", BootInfo->map_size);
+        // Print the memory regions 
+        MemoryInfoBlock* currentBlock = (MemoryInfoBlock*) ((uint32_t)BootInfo->MemoryMap + KERNEL_BASE_ADDR) ;
+
+        printf( "Starting address: 0x%x\n", currentBlock);
+        while( (uint32_t)currentBlock->next != 0x0 )
+        {
+            printf("CurrentBlock: 0x%x \n", (uint32_t ) currentBlock );
+            if(IS_AVAILABLE_MEM(currentBlock->type)){
+                //printf("AVAILABLE RAM\n");
+            }
+            else if(IS_ACPI_MEM(currentBlock->type)){
+                //printf("ACPI MEMORY\n");   
+            }
+            else if(IS_RESERVED_MEM(currentBlock->type)){
+               // printf("RESERVED MEMORY\n");
+            }
+            else if(IS_NVS_MEMORY(currentBlock->type)){
+               // printf("NVS MEMORY \n");
+            }
+            else if(IS_BADRAM_MEMORY(currentBlock->type)){
+               // printf("BADRAM MEMORY \n");
+            }
+            else {
+              //  printf("(TYPE 0x%x )TYPE NOT SPECIFIED\n", currentBlock->type);
+            }
+
+            currentBlock = (MemoryInfoBlock*) ((uint32_t)currentBlock->next + KERNEL_BASE_ADDR );
+          
+        }
+
+        printf("Starting physical memory management setup\n");
+        // Setup PhysicalMemoryManagement
+        SetupPhysicalMemoryManager(BootInfo);
+     
+    }
+    printf("Enable Protected mode and jump to kernel main\n");
+	asm volatile("mov %cr0, %eax ");
+    asm volatile("or $1, %eax");
+    asm volatile("mov %eax, %cr0"); // re-enable protected mode ? 
+    kernel_main();
+    
+}
+
+void PhysicalMemoryAllocatorTest(){
+    #ifdef UNIT_TESTS
+        // Small test!
+        void* block = allocate_block();
+        void* block2 = allocate_block();
+        printf("Allocated addresss 1: 0x%x 2: 0x%x\n", (uint32_t)block ,(uint32_t)block2);
+        free_block(block);
+        free_block(block2);
+        void* block3 = allocate_block();
+        printf("Allocated addresss 3: 0x%x\n", (uint32_t)block3);
+        free_block(block3);
+    #endif
+}
+
+
+extern "C" void kernel_main () {
+    pit_initialise();
+
+    startSuperVisorTerminal();
+}   

source/kernel/kernel.h

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#pragma once
+extern "C" 
+{
+   #include "lib/string.h" 
+}
+#include "definitions.h"
+
+#include "drivers/vga/VBE.h"
+#include "terminal/kterm.h"
+
+#include "memory/PhysicalMemoryManager.h"
+#include "memory/VirtualMemoryManager.h"
+
+#include "memory/gdt/gdtc.h"
+#include "interrupts/idt/idt.h"
+
+#include "drivers/pit/pit.h"
+#include "io.h"
+#include "cpu.h"
+#include "serial.h"
+
+#include "time.h"
+#include "supervisorterminal/superVisorTerminal.h"
+#include "prekernel/bootstructure.h"
+
+#define CHECK_FLAG(flag, bit) ( flag & (1 << bit ))
+#define PANIC(message) {return;} 
+
+void map_multiboot_info_structure(unsigned long addr);
+
+extern "C" void kernel_main ();
+
+
+extern "C" uint32_t boot_page_directory;
+extern "C" uint32_t multiboot_page_table;
+
+
+const uint32_t KERNEL_BASE_ADDR = 0xC0000000;

source/kernel/lib/mem.h

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 inline void* memset (void* ptr, int value, size_t num){
     for( int i = 0; i < num; i++ )
     {
-        int* data  = (int*)ptr+ i;
+        unsigned char* data  = (unsigned char*)ptr+ i;
-        *data = value;
+        *data = (unsigned char)value;
     }
     return ptr;
 }

source/kernel/lib/string.c

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#include "string.h"
+
+size_t strlen(const char* str) {
+    size_t len = 0;
+    while(str[len]){
+        len++;
+    }
+    return len;
+}
+
+
+
+int strncmp ( const char* str1, const char* str2, size_t num ){
+    for( int i = 0; i < num ; i++){
+        
+        if( str1[i] < str2[i]){
+            return -1;
+        } 
+
+        if( str1[i] > str2[i] ){
+            return 1;
+        }
+
+
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}

source/kernel/lib/string.h

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 #include <stddef.h>
 size_t strlen(const char* str);
+
+
+int strncmp ( const char* str1, const char* str2, size_t num );

source/kernel/linker.ld

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+ENTRY(_start)
+ 
+/* Tell where the various sections of the object files will be put in the final
+   kernel image. */
+SECTIONS
+{
+	. = 0x00100000;  /* place code at 1MB mark*/
+ 
+	_kernel_start	= .;
+	kernel_begin	= .; /*  For legacy reasons */
+
+
+	.multiboot.data : {
+		*(.multiboot.data)
+	}
+
+	.multiboot.text : {
+		*(multiboot.text)
+		*prekernel.o(.text)
+	}
+
+	. += 0xC0000000; /* Addresses in the following code need to be above the 3Gb mark */
+
+
+	.text ALIGN (4K) : AT (ADDR (.text) - 0xC0000000)
+	{
+		*(.text)
+	}
+	.rodata ALIGN (4K) : AT (ADDR (.rodata) - 0xC0000000)
+	{
+		*(.rodata)
+	}
+	.data ALIGN (4K) : AT (ADDR (.data) - 0xC0000000)
+	{
+		*(.data)
+	}
+	.bss ALIGN (4K) : AT (ADDR (.bss) - 0xC0000000)
+	{
+		*(COMMON)
+		*(.bss)
+		*(.bootstrap_stack)
+	}
+	_kernel_end = .;
+	kernel_end = .; /* For legacy reasons */
+}
+

source/kernel/memory/KernelHeap.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#include "KernelHeap.h"
+
+// Size of heap meta data is 5 bytes 
+struct heap_block{
+    uint8_t Used;
+    uint32_t Size;
+}
+
+uint32_t heap_size;
+heap_block* start ;
+
+void* malloc(size_t size)
+{
+    printf("Received request for %d bytes of memory", size);
+    heap_block* current = start;
+
+    // look for a free block
+    while(current <  start + heap_size)
+    {
+        if(current->size >= size && current->Used == false )
+        {
+            // We found a spot 
+            // Set the spot to in-use 
+            current->Used = false;
+            // return the free address 
+            // NOTE: added an offset from the initial address to accomodate for 
+            // meta-data.
+            return current + sizeof(heap_block);
+
+        }
+
+        current += current->Size + sizeof(heap_block);
+    }   
+
+    // If we are here we need more memory so we should 
+    // probably ask the VMM for more 
+    // TODO: ask for more memory | Extend kernel heap
+    
+}
+
+void free(void* addr)
+{
+    // clear the free boolean that corresponds to this adddress
+    // This should be fairly simple
+    heap_block* allocatedBlock = addr - sizeof(heap_block);
+    allocate_block->Used = false;
+}
+
+void initHeap()
+{
+    
+}

source/kernel/memory/KernelHeap.h

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#pragma once 
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+
+void initHeap();
+
+void* malloc (size_t size );
+void free(void* addr);
+

source/kernel/memory/PhysicalMemoryManager.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+#include "./PhysicalMemoryManager.h"
+
+PhysicalMemoryManagerInfoBlock* PMMInfoBlock;
+extern uint32_t* boot_page_directory;
+extern uint32_t* boot_page_table;
+
+const uint32_t KERNEL_OFFSET = 0xC0000000;
+void SetupPhysicalMemoryManager( BootInfoBlock* Bootinfo) {
+    // NOTE: Physical memory map will override the boot info for now!
+    PMMInfoBlock = (PhysicalMemoryManagerInfoBlock*) (&BootInfoBlock_pptr + KERNEL_OFFSET );
+    printf("Setting up physical memory infoblock (0x%x) \n", (uint32_t)&PMMInfoBlock);
+    /*
+        Every byte contains 8 pages
+        A page is 4096 kib 
+        Every block (1 bit) represent an page 
+    */
+
+    // Calculate the maximum number of blocks
+    printf("Maxblocks at address(0x%x)\n" , (uint32_t)&(PMMInfoBlock->max_blocks));
+
+    int maximum_blocks = (uint32_t)Bootinfo->MemorySize / BLOCK_SIZE / 8;
+    printf("Set bitmap block maximum: %d\n", maximum_blocks);
+    PMMInfoBlock->max_blocks = maximum_blocks;
+
+    printf("Set used blocks to zero\n");
+    PMMInfoBlock->used_blocks = 0;
+    
+    printf("Determine memory bit map address");
+    // put the map after the gdt
+    PMMInfoBlock->memoryBitMap = (uint32_t*) ( 0xC010b100) ;
+    
+    printf("Maximum num blocks: %d \n",PMMInfoBlock->max_blocks);
+    //Size of memory map 
+    uint32_t memMap_size = PMMInfoBlock->max_blocks / 8;
+    printf("Memory map size: %d\n", memMap_size);
+    printf("Address of memory map 0x%x\n", PMMInfoBlock->memoryBitMap);
+    // Set all places in memory as free
+    memset(PMMInfoBlock->memoryBitMap, 0xFF, memMap_size  ); 
+
+    // Loop over memory map and allocate physical locations 
+    // that are already in use 
+    MemoryInfoBlock* currentBlock = (MemoryInfoBlock*) ((uint32_t)Bootinfo->MemoryMap + KERNEL_OFFSET) ;
+    printf("Starting address: 0x%x\n", currentBlock);
+    while( (uint32_t) currentBlock->next != 0x0)
+    {
+        if(IS_AVAILABLE_MEM(currentBlock->type)){
+            printf("skip!\n");
+        } else {   
+            printf("allocate region 0x%x of size 0x%x\n" , currentBlock->Base_addr, currentBlock->Memory_Size);       
+            allocate_region((uint32_t) currentBlock->Base_addr, currentBlock->Memory_Size);
+        }
+
+        currentBlock = (MemoryInfoBlock*) ((uint32_t)currentBlock->next + KERNEL_OFFSET );
+    }
+
+    uint32_t kernel_size = ((uint32_t)&kernel_end - (uint32_t)&kernel_begin ) - KERNEL_OFFSET;
+
+    printf("kernel size in memory: 0x%x\n", kernel_size);
+    allocate_region((uint32_t)&kernel_begin, kernel_size);
+
+    printf("allocate BIOS region\n");
+    allocate_region (0x0000000, 0x00100000);
+}
+
+// NOTE: This can only give blocks of 4kb at a time!
+//         We might at some point want to allocate multiple blocks at once.
+void* allocate_block() {
+    uint8_t blocks_available = PMMInfoBlock->max_blocks - PMMInfoBlock->used_blocks;
+    // Are there any blocks available?
+    if( blocks_available <= 0)
+    {
+        printf("No blocks available. Blocks Delta: 0x%x\n", blocks_available);
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    // Find 1 free block somewhere
+    int free_block_index = bitmap_first_unset(PMMInfoBlock->memoryBitMap, PMMInfoBlock->max_blocks / 8 );
+
+    if(free_block_index == -1)
+    {
+        printf("Could not find a good block!\n");
+        // Could not find a block
+        return (void*)0xFFFF;
+    }
+
+    if(free_block_index == 0)
+        printf("Somethings wrong!!!\n");
+
+    // Set the block to be used!
+    bitmap_unset(PMMInfoBlock->memoryBitMap, free_block_index);
+    // Increase the used_block count!
+    PMMInfoBlock->used_blocks++;
+    printf("used blocks: 0x%x\n", PMMInfoBlock->used_blocks);
+    // return the pointer to the physical address
+    return (void*) (BLOCK_SIZE * free_block_index);
+}
+
+void free_block(void* p) {
+    // If it is a null pointer we don't need to do anything.
+    if(p==0) {
+        return;
+    }
+    // calculate the index into the bitmap
+    int index  = ((uint32_t) p) / BLOCK_SIZE;
+    
+    // set the block to be free
+    bitmap_set(PMMInfoBlock->memoryBitMap, index);
+    PMMInfoBlock->used_blocks--;
+    printf("used blocks: 0x%x, after free\n", PMMInfoBlock->used_blocks);
+
+}
+
+void allocate_region(uint32_t startAddress, uint32_t size) {
+    // every bit should be 4KiB 
+    // every byte is 8*4KiB = 32KiB
+    
+    int NumberOfBlocksToAllocate = ( size / 1024) / 4  / 8 + 1;
+    int startBlock = (startAddress / 1024) / 4 / 8 ;
+    
+
+    for( int i = 0; i < NumberOfBlocksToAllocate; i++)
+    {
+        bitmap_unset(PMMInfoBlock->memoryBitMap, startBlock+ i);
+        PMMInfoBlock->used_blocks++;
+    }
+
+
+}
+
+void deallocate_region(uint32_t  StartAddress , uint32_t size ) {
+    // reverse of what happened in allocate_region
+
+    int NumberOfBlocks = (size / 1024) / 4 / 8 + 1;
+    int startBlock = (StartAddress / 1024) / 4 / 8;
+
+    for(int i = 0; i < NumberOfBlocks; i++)
+    {
+        bitmap_set(PMMInfoBlock->memoryBitMap, startBlock + i);
+        PMMInfoBlock->used_blocks --;
+    }
+}
+
+

source/kernel/memory/PhysicalMemoryManager.h

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include "../prekernel/bootstructure.h"
+#include "../terminal/kterm.h"
+#include "../lib/mem.h"
+#include "../bitmap.h"
+
+// Asumming i386 for now!
+#define BLOCK_SIZE 4092 
+
+#define IS_ALIGNED(addr, align) !((addr) & ~((align) - 1))
+#define ALIGN(addr, align) (((addr) & ~((align) - 1 )) + (align))
+
+struct PhysicalMemoryManagerInfoBlock
+{
+    uint32_t* memoryBitMap;
+    uint32_t pmmap_size;
+    uint32_t max_blocks;
+    int used_blocks;
+};
+
+void SetupPhysicalMemoryManager(BootInfoBlock* memory);
+void free_block(void* ptr);
+void* allocate_block();
+void allocate_region(uint32_t, uint32_t);
+void deallocate_region(uint32_t   , uint32_t );

source/kernel/memory/VirtualMemoryManager.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+#include "VirtualMemoryManager.h"
+extern uint32_t boot_page_directory[1024] ;
+extern uint32_t boot_page_table[1024];
+void AllocatePage(uint32_t vaddr)
+{
+    uint32_t page_aligned_address = ALIGN(vaddr, 4096);
+
+    // allocate a page at  virtual address
+    int PageDirectoryEntryIndex = vaddr >> 22;
+    int PageTableEntryIndex = (vaddr >> 12) & 0x1FFF;
+
+    printf("Allocation happening at PDE: %d PTE: %d\n", PageDirectoryEntryIndex, PageTableEntryIndex);
+
+    // check if the page directory entry is marked as present 
+    if (boot_page_directory[PageDirectoryEntryIndex] & 0x1 ) {
+
+        uint32_t* page_table = (uint32_t*)((boot_page_directory[PageDirectoryEntryIndex]) & 0xFFFFE000 + 0xC0000000);
+
+        // check if the page table entry is marked as present 
+        if ( page_table[PageTableEntryIndex] & 0x1 )
+        {   
+            // Map the entry to a physical page
+            page_table[PageTableEntryIndex] = (uint32_t)(allocate_block() + 0x3);
+        } else{
+            // mark page as present
+            page_table[PageTableEntryIndex] =   0x3;
+        }
+
+    } else {
+        // mark the page table as present and allocate a physical block for it
+        boot_page_directory[PageDirectoryEntryIndex] = (uint32_t)(allocate_block() + 0x3);
+    }
+
+
+}
+
+void FreePage(uint32_t vaddr )
+{
+    uint32_t page_aligned_address = ALIGN(vaddr, 4096);
+
+    // allocate a page at  virtual address
+    int PageDirectoryEntryIndex = vaddr >> 22;
+    int PageTableEntryIndex = (vaddr >> 12) & 0x1FFF;
+
+    uint32_t* pageTable = (uint32_t*)(boot_page_directory[PageDirectoryEntryIndex] & 0xFFFFE000 + 0xC0000000);
+
+
+    void* physicalAddressToFree = (void*)(pageTable[PageTableEntryIndex] & 0xFFFFE000 + 0xC0000000);
+    free_block(physicalAddressToFree);
+
+    pageTable[PageTableEntryIndex] = 0x0;
+
+
+}
+
+void Map (  uint32_t vaddr, uint32_t paddr)
+{
+    uint32_t page_aligned_address = ALIGN(vaddr, 4096);
+
+    // allocate a page at  virtual address
+    int PageDirectoryEntryIndex = vaddr >> 22;
+    int PageTableEntryIndex = (vaddr >> 12) & 0x1FFF;
+}
+
+void Unmap(uint32_t vaddr)
+{
+    // NOTE: I will implement lazy unmapping for now 
+    uint32_t page_aligned_address = ALIGN(vaddr, 4096);
+
+    // allocate a page at  virtual address
+    int PageDirectoryEntryIndex = vaddr >> 22;
+    int PageTableEntryIndex = (vaddr >> 12) & 0x1FFF;
+}

source/kernel/memory/VirtualMemoryManager.h

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#pragma once 
+#include "PhysicalMemoryManager.h"
+#include "../terminal/kterm.h"
+#include "../cpu.h"
+
+void AllocatePage(uint32_t v_addr );
+void FreePage(uint32_t v_addr);
+
+void Map(uint32_t p_addr, uint32_t v_addr);
+void Unmap (uint32_t v_addr);

source/kernel/memory/gdt/gdtc.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #include "gdtc.h"
-#include "../tty/kterm.h"
+#include "../../terminal/kterm.h"
 
 #define NULL_SEGMENT          0
 #define KERNEL_CODE_SEGMENT   1
@@ -29,6 +29,9 @@ void add_descriptor(int which , unsigned long base, unsigned long limit, unsigne
 
 void initGDT(){
 
+#ifdef __VERBOSE__
+      printf("Init GDT!\n");
+#endif
       // NULL segment
       add_descriptor(NULL_SEGMENT, 0,0,0,0);
 
@@ -48,14 +51,8 @@ void initGDT(){
       gdtDescriptor.limit = ((sizeof(SegmentDescriptor ) * 5 ) - 1);
       gdtDescriptor.base = (unsigned int) &GlobalDescriptorTable;
 
-
+      printf("GDT at address 0x%x, with an size of 0x%x bytes\n" , (unsigned int)GlobalDescriptorTable, sizeof(GlobalDescriptorTable));
 
       LoadGlobalDescriptorTable();
 
-      while (true)
-         asm volatile("hlt");
-      
-
-
-
 }

source/kernel/prekernel/bootstructure.h

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#pragma once 
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+extern "C" const uint32_t kernel_begin;
+extern "C" const uint32_t kernel_end;
+
+#define IS_AVAILABLE_MEM(MEM_TYPE) MEM_TYPE & 0x1
+#define IS_ACPI_MEM(MEM_TYPE) MEM_TYPE & 0x2
+#define IS_RESERVED_MEM(MEM_TYPE) MEM_TYPE & 0x4
+#define IS_NVS_MEMORY(MEM_TYPE) MEM_TYPE & 0x8
+#define IS_BADRAM_MEMORY(MEM_TYPE) MEM_TYPE & 0x10
+           
+struct MemoryInfoBlock {
+    uint32_t Base_addr ;
+    uint32_t Memory_Size;
+    MemoryInfoBlock* next;
+    uint8_t  type;
+
+};
+struct BootInfoBlock {
+    bool MapIsInvalid;
+    uint32_t bootDeviceID ;
+
+    uint32_t GrubModuleCount;
+
+    bool ValidSymbolTable;
+    uint32_t SymbolTableAddr;
+    uint32_t SymbolTabSize;
+    uint32_t SymbolStrSize;
+
+    bool ValidELFHeader;
+
+    bool EnabledVBE;
+
+    bool PhysicalMemoryMapAvailable;
+    MemoryInfoBlock* MemoryMap;
+    uint32_t map_size;
+    uint32_t MemorySize ;
+
+};
+
+// TODO Put the BootInfoBlock 1MB above the kernel.
+const uint32_t BootInfoBlock_pptr = (uint32_t)&kernel_end - 0xC0000000 + 0x1;
+const uint32_t MemoryMapHeap_pptr = BootInfoBlock_pptr + sizeof(BootInfoBlock);

source/kernel/prekernel/prekernel.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include "multiboot.h"
+#include "bootstructure.h"
+#define CHECK_FLAG(flags, bit) ((flags) & (1 <<(bit)))
+
+
+extern "C" void prekernelSetup  ( unsigned long magic, multiboot_info_t* mbi) {
+  
+  // Create the bootInfoBlock at its location
+  BootInfoBlock* BIB = (BootInfoBlock*) BootInfoBlock_pptr;
+
+  /*
+   * Check Multiboot magic number
+   */ 
+  if (magic != MULTIBOOT_BOOTLOADER_MAGIC)
+  {
+        BIB->MapIsInvalid = true;
+        // crash
+        return;
+  } else{
+        BIB->MapIsInvalid = false;
+  }
+
+  /* is boot device valid ? */
+  if (CHECK_FLAG (mbi->flags, 1))
+  {
+        BIB->bootDeviceID = mbi->boot_device;
+  } else{
+        BIB->bootDeviceID = 0x11111111;
+  }
+
+  /* Are mods_* valid? */
+  if(CHECK_FLAG ( mbi->flags, 3)){
+      multiboot_module_t *mod;
+      uint32_t i;
+
+      BIB->GrubModuleCount = mbi->mods_count;
+
+
+      for(i = 0, mod = (multiboot_module_t *) mbi->mods_addr; i < mbi->mods_count; i++ , mod++){
+                
+      }
+  }
+
+  /* Is the symbol table of a.out valid? */
+  if (CHECK_FLAG(mbi->flags, 4))
+  {
+          BIB->ValidSymbolTable = true;
+          multiboot_aout_symbol_table_t *multiboot_aout_sym = &(mbi->u.aout_sym);
+
+  } else{
+          BIB->ValidSymbolTable = false;
+  }
+
+  /* Is the section header table of ELF valid? */
+  if (CHECK_FLAG(mbi->flags, 5))
+  {
+          BIB->ValidELFHeader = true;
+          multiboot_elf_section_header_table_t *multiboot_elf_sec = &(mbi->u.elf_sec);
+
+  }else{
+          BIB->ValidELFHeader = false;
+  }
+/*
+If we got a memory map from our bootloader we 
+should be parsing it to find out the memory regions available.
+*/
+if (CHECK_FLAG(mbi->flags, 6))
+{  
+        BIB->PhysicalMemoryMapAvailable = true;
+        BIB->MemoryMap = (MemoryInfoBlock*) MemoryMapHeap_pptr;
+        multiboot_memory_map_t *mmap = (multiboot_memory_map_t*) (mbi->mmap_addr) ;
+        auto MemoryMapEnd =  mbi->mmap_addr + mbi->mmap_length;
+        
+        auto CurrentInfoBlock = BIB->MemoryMap;
+      
+        uint32_t RAM_size = 0;
+
+        while((unsigned long) mmap < MemoryMapEnd){
+                BIB->map_size += sizeof(MemoryInfoBlock);
+                CurrentInfoBlock->Base_addr = mmap->addr;
+                CurrentInfoBlock->Memory_Size = mmap->len;
+                
+
+                if(mmap->type == MULTIBOOT_MEMORY_AVAILABLE)
+                        CurrentInfoBlock->type |= 0x1;
+                        RAM_size += mmap->len;
+                if(mmap->type == MULTIBOOT_MEMORY_ACPI_RECLAIMABLE)
+                        CurrentInfoBlock->type |= 0x2;
+                if(mmap->type == MULTIBOOT_MEMORY_RESERVED)
+                        CurrentInfoBlock->type |= 0x4;
+                if(mmap->type == MULTIBOOT_MEMORY_NVS)
+                        CurrentInfoBlock->type |= 0x8;
+                if(mmap->type == MULTIBOOT_MEMORY_BADRAM)
+                        CurrentInfoBlock->type |= 0x10;
+                
+
+                // continue to the next block
+                mmap = (multiboot_memory_map_t *) ((unsigned long) mmap + mmap->size + sizeof(mmap->size));
+              
+              CurrentInfoBlock->next = (MemoryInfoBlock*) ((uint32_t)CurrentInfoBlock) + sizeof(MemoryInfoBlock);
+              CurrentInfoBlock = CurrentInfoBlock->next;
+
+        }
+
+        CurrentInfoBlock->next = (MemoryInfoBlock*) 0x0;
+        BIB->MemorySize = RAM_size;
+} else
+{
+        BIB->PhysicalMemoryMapAvailable = false;
+}
+    
+  /* Draw diagonal blue line */
+  if (CHECK_FLAG (mbi->flags, 12)){
+          BIB->EnabledVBE = true;
+  } else{
+          BIB->EnabledVBE;
+  }
+}

source/kernel/serial.h

@@ -1,9 +1,14 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include "tty/kterm.h"
+#include "terminal/kterm.h"
 #include "io.h"
 #define PORT 0x3f8 
 static int init_serial() {
+
+#ifdef __VERBOSE__
+   printf("Init Serial\n");
+#endif
+   
    outb(PORT + 1, 0x00);    // Disable all interrupts
    outb(PORT + 3, 0x80);    // Enable DLAB (set baud rate divisor)
    outb(PORT + 0, 0x03);    // Set divisor to 3 (lo byte) 38400 baud

source/kernel/supervisorterminal/superVisorTerminal.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+#include "superVisorTerminal.h"
+
+void startSuperVisorTerminal(){
+    while (true){
+           
+           printf("SUPERVISOR:>$ " );
+            int characterCount = 0;
+            char command[10] = "";
+         
+            // NOTE: lets just show a kernel prompt                
+            uint8_t ScanCode = getKey();
+            while( ScanCode  != 0x1C )
+            {
+                char character = getASCIIKey();
+                kterm_put(character );
+                // wHAT THE HELL
+
+                if( characterCount  < 10 ){
+                    command[characterCount] = character;  
+                    characterCount++;
+                }
+
+                ScanCode = getKey(); 
+            }
+            printf("\n");
+            KeyHandled();
+         
+
+            if ( strncmp("DATE", command , characterCount ) == 0 )
+            {
+                 read_rtc();
+                 printf("======= Time & Date ==========\n");
+                 printf("   - Date:     %02d-%02d-%02d\n",day, month, year);
+                 printf("   - Time:     %02d:%02d:%02d\n" , hour, minute, second);
+                 printf("   - Ticks:    %09d\n", pit_tick);            
+            }
+            else if( strncmp ("MEMORY" , command , characterCount) == 0 )
+            {
+                // Show memory layout
+                printf("========= Memory ==========\n");
+                printf("Not Available!\n");
+                printf("Kernel MemoryMap:\n");
+                printf("Frames used: -- \n");   
+                printf("Available Memory:-- \n");
+                printf("Reserved Memory: -- bytes\n");
+            }
+            else if(strncmp("TEST", command, characterCount) == 0)
+            {
+                // TEST #DE exception
+               asm volatile ("MOV $4, %AX ;  MOV $0, %BX ; DIV %BX"); // IRS 0
+            }
+            else if (strncmp("VERSION", command , characterCount) == 0)
+            {
+                // Show version information 
+                printf("========= Version ========\n");
+                printf("Kernel v%d\n", 0);
+
+            }
+            else if(strncmp("CLEAR", command, characterCount) == 0)
+            {
+                kterm_init();
+                printf("|===    BarinkOS       ===|\n");
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                printf("Unknown command\n");
+            }
+
+
+            delay(1000);
+        }   
+}

source/kernel/supervisorterminal/superVisorTerminal.h

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#pragma once 
+#include "../terminal/kterm.h"
+#include "../time.h"
+#include "../drivers/pit/pit.h"
+#include "../drivers/ps-2/keyboard.h"
+#include "../memory/PhysicalMemoryManager.h"
+
+void startSuperVisorTerminal();

source/kernel/terminal/kterm.cpp

@@ -21,7 +21,8 @@ void kterm_init () {
     kterm_row = 0;
     kterm_column = 0;
     kterm_color = vga_entry_color ( VGA_COLOR_LIGHT_GREY , VGA_COLOR_BLACK);
-    kterm_buffer = (uint16_t*) 0xB8000;
+    kterm_buffer = (uint16_t*) 0xC03FF000;
+    
     for (size_t y = 0; y < VGA_HEIGHT; y++ ){
         for( size_t x = 0; x < VGA_WIDTH; x++){
             const size_t index = y * VGA_WIDTH + x;
@@ -31,7 +32,6 @@ void kterm_init () {
     }
 }
 
-
 void kterm_resetcolor(){
      kterm_color = vga_entry_color ( VGA_COLOR_LIGHT_GREY , VGA_COLOR_BLACK);
 }
@@ -42,9 +42,7 @@ void kterm_setcolor(uint8_t color){
 
 void kterm_putat (char c, uint8_t color, size_t x, size_t y ) {
     const size_t index = y * VGA_WIDTH + x;
-
     kterm_buffer[index] = vga_entry(c, color);
-
 }
 
 void enable_cursor (uint8_t start_cursor , uint8_t end_cursor ){

source/kernel/terminal/kterm.h

@@ -1,14 +1,13 @@
 #pragma once 
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <stddef.h>
-#include <stdint.h>
 #include <stdbool.h>
 
-#include "../vga/colors.h"
+#include "../drivers/vga/colors.h"
 #include "../io.h"
 
 extern "C"{
-    #include "./../../libc/include/string.h"
+    #include "../lib/string.h"
 }
 
 void kterm_init();

source/kernel/time.cpp

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-#define CURRENT_YEAR        2021                            // Change this each year!
+#include "time.h"
- 
-int century_register = 0x00;                                // Set by ACPI table parsing code if possible
 
+// Set by ACPI table parsing code if possible
+int century_register = 0x00;     
 unsigned char second;
 unsigned char minute;
 unsigned char hour;
@@ -10,12 +10,6 @@ unsigned char month;
 unsigned int year;
  
 
- 
-enum {
-      cmos_address = 0x70,
-      cmos_data    = 0x71
-};
- 
 int get_update_in_progress_flag() {
       outb(cmos_address, 0x0A);
       return (inb(cmos_data) & 0x80);
@@ -109,45 +103,9 @@ void read_rtc() {
 }
 
 
-/*
+void delay(int t){
-void ReadFromCMOS(unsigned char array[])
+    volatile int i,j;
-{
+    for(i=0;i<t;i++)
-    unsigned char tvalue, index;
+        for(j=0;j<25000;j++)
-
+            asm("NOP");
-    for (index = 0; index < 128; index++)
-    {
-        asm(
-            "cli\n\t"           // Disable interrupts
-            "mov al, index\n\t" // Move index address
-            // since the 0x80 bit of al is not set, NMI is active 
-            "out 0x70,al\n\t" // Copy address to CMOS register
-            // some kind of real delay here is probably best 
-            "in al,0x71\n\t" // Fetch 1 byte to al
-            "sti\n\t"        // Enable interrupts
-            "mov tvalue,al\n\t");
-
-        array[index] = tvalue;
 }
-}
-*/
-
-/*
-void WriteTOCMOS(unsigned char array[])
-{
-   unsigned char index;
- 
-   for(index = 0; index < 128; index++)
-   {
-      unsigned char tvalue = array[index];
-      
-       asm("cli\n\t"       // Clear interrupts
-         "mov al,index\n\t"    // move index address
-         "out 0x70,al\n\t"     // copy address to CMOS register
-         // some kind of real delay here is probably best 
-         "mov al,tvalue\n\t"   // move value to al
-         "out 0x71,al\n\t"   // write 1 byte to CMOS
-         "sti\n\\t"   );        // Enable interrupts
-      
-   }
-}
-*/

source/kernel/time.h

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#pragma once 
+#include "io.h"
+#define CURRENT_YEAR        2021
+ 
+                           
+extern int century_register;     
+extern unsigned char second;
+extern unsigned char minute;
+extern unsigned char hour;
+extern unsigned char day;
+extern unsigned char month;
+extern unsigned int year;
+
+ 
+enum {
+      cmos_address = 0x70,
+      cmos_data    = 0x71
+};
+ 
+int get_update_in_progress_flag();
+unsigned char get_RTC_register();
+void read_rtc();
+void delay(int t);

src/grub.cfg

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-menuentry "BarinkOS"{
-    multiboot /boot/myos.bin
-}

src/kernel/boot.S

@@ -1,78 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Multiboot 
- */
-.set ALIGN,    1<<0             /* align loaded modules on page boundaries */
-.set MEMINFO,  1<<1             /* provide memory map */
-.set FLAGS,    ALIGN | MEMINFO  /* this is the Multiboot 'flag' field */
-.set MAGIC,    0x1BADB002       /* 'magic number' lets bootloader find the header */
-.set CHECKSUM, -(MAGIC + FLAGS) /* checksum of above, to prove we are multiboot */
-
-.section .multiboot
-.align 4
-.long MAGIC
-.long FLAGS
-.long CHECKSUM
- 
-
-.section .bss
-.align 16
-stack_bottom:
-.skip 16384 # 16 KiB
-stack_top:
- 
-.section .text
-.include "./src/kernel/irs_table.s"
-.include "./src/kernel/irq_table.s"
-.include "./src/kernel/idt/idt.s"
-.include "./src/kernel/paging.s"
-
-
-.global _start
-.type _start, @function
-_start:
-	/*Setup the stack pointer to point to the beginning of our stack */
-	/* I believe its a high address growing down to lower adress for the stack on x86*/
-	mov $stack_top, %esp
-
-	/*Reset EFLAGS*/
-	pushl $0 
-	popf 
-
-	/* push the pointer to the Multiboot information structure*/
-	pushl %ebx
-
-	/* push the magic value */
-	pushl %eax
-	
-	call early_main
-	cli
-	
-	
-
-.include "./src/kernel/gdt/gdt.s"
-
-	loadIDT:
-		#load idt
-		call init_idt
-        sti
-        
-        # Try enable A20
-		# mov $0x2401, %ax
-		# int $0x15
-
-
-		# enable protected mode
-		mov %cr0, %eax 
-		or $1, %eax
-		mov %eax, %cr0
-
-		
-		call kernel_main
-
-
-		cli
-	1:	hlt
-		jmp 1b
-
-
-.size _start, . - _start

src/kernel/bootcheck.h

@@ -1,76 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once 
-#include "bootloader/multiboot.h"
-#define CHECK_FLAG(flags, bit) ((flags) & (1 <<(bit)))
-
-#include "tty/kterm.h"
-
-
-
-void CheckMBT ( multiboot_info_t*  mbt  ){
-      /* Set MBI to the addresss of the multiboot information structure*/
-        multiboot_info_t * mbi = (multiboot_info_t *) mbt;
-
-        /* Print out the flags */
-        printf("flags = 0x%x\n", (unsigned) mbi->flags);
-
-        /* Are mem_* valid? */
-        if ( CHECK_FLAG(mbi->flags,0)){
-            printf("mem_lower = %uKB, mem_upper = %uKB\n");
-        }
-
-        /* is boot device valid ? */
-        if (CHECK_FLAG (mbi->flags, 1)){
-            printf("boot_device = 0x0%x\n", (unsigned) mbi->boot_device);
-        }
-
-        /* is the command line passed? */
-        if (CHECK_FLAG ( mbi->flags,2)){
-            printf("cmdline = %s\n", (char *) mbi->cmdline);
-        }
-
-        /* Are mods_* valid? */
-        if(CHECK_FLAG ( mbi->flags, 3)){
-            multiboot_module_t *mod;
-            uint32_t i;
-
-            printf("mods count = %d, mods_addr = 0x%x\n", (int) mbi->mods_count, (int) mbi->mods_addr);
-
-            for(i = 0, mod = (multiboot_module_t *) mbi->mods_addr; i < mbi->mods_count; i++ , mod++){
-                printf(" mod start = 0x%x, mod_end = 0x%x, cmdline = %s\n", (unsigned) mod->mod_start, (unsigned) mod->mod_end, (char*) mod->cmdline);
-            }
-        }
-
-        /* Bits 4 and 5 are mutually exclusive! */
-        if (CHECK_FLAG (mbi->flags, 4) && CHECK_FLAG(mbi->flags, 5)){
-            printf("Both bits 4 and 5 are set.\n");
-            return;
-        }
-
-        /* Is the symbol table of a.out valid? */
-        if (CHECK_FLAG(mbi->flags, 4)){
-            multiboot_aout_symbol_table_t *multiboot_aout_sym = &(mbi->u.aout_sym);
-
-            printf( "multiboot_aout_symbol_table: tabsize = 0x%0x, strsize = 0x%x, addr = 0x%x\n", 
-            (unsigned) multiboot_aout_sym->tabsize,
-            (unsigned) multiboot_aout_sym->strsize,
-            (unsigned) multiboot_aout_sym->addr);
-
-        }
-
-        /* Is the section header table of ELF valid? */
-        if (CHECK_FLAG(mbi->flags, 5)){
-            multiboot_elf_section_header_table_t *multiboot_elf_sec = &(mbi->u.elf_sec);
-
-            printf("multiboot_elf_sec: num = %u, size = 0x%x, addr = 0x%x, shnd = 0x%x\n",
-            (unsigned) multiboot_elf_sec->num, (unsigned) multiboot_elf_sec->size,
-            (unsigned) multiboot_elf_sec->addr, (unsigned)  multiboot_elf_sec->shndx);
-            
-        }
-
-        /* Draw diagonal blue line */
-        if (CHECK_FLAG (mbt->flags, 12)){
-            printf("Can draw!");
-        } 
-
-
-}

src/kernel/cpu.h

@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-#include <cpuid.h> // NOTE: Only available in GCC 
-// NOT currently usefull!
-/*    static int get_model(){
-        int ebx, unused;
-        __cpuid(0, unused, ebx, unused, unused);
-        return ebx;
-    }
-
-    enum {
-        CPUID_FEAT_EDX_APIC = 1 << 9
-    };
-    static int check_apic (){
-        unsigned int eax, unused, edx;
-        __get_cpuid(1, &eax, &unused, &unused, &edx);
-        return  edx & CPUID_FEAT_EDX_APIC;
-    }
-*/

src/kernel/disk.h

@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-// Let's write an ATA PIO | ATA driver for now. Mostly to show that I can in theory interact with a
-// storage device
-
-// PRIMARY_ATA_BUS
-// 0x1F0 through 0x1F7 
-
-// SECONDARY_ATA_BUS
-// 0x170 through 0x177
-
-#define DEVICE_CONTROL_REGISTER 0x3F6
-#define DEVICE_CONTROL_ALTERNATE 0x376
-
-
-// IRQ14 Primary bus interrupt
-// IRQ15 Secondary bus interrupt

src/kernel/idt/idt.cpp

@@ -1,149 +0,0 @@
-#include "idt.h"
-//#include "scancodes/set1.h"
-
-IDT_entry idt_table[256];
-IDT_ptr idt_ptr;
-
-void set_id_entry (uint8_t num , uint32_t base, uint16_t sel,  uint8_t flags){
-    idt_table[num].offset_1 = base & 0xFFFF;
-    idt_table[num].selector = sel;
-    idt_table[num].zero = 0;
-    idt_table[num].type_attr = flags;
-    idt_table[num].offset_2 = (base >> 16) & 0xFFFF;
-
-};
-
-
-void irs_handler (registers regs) {
-        kterm_writestring("received interrupt!\n");
-     
-        printf("(IRS) Interrupt number: %d \n", regs.int_no);
-
-        if( regs.int_no == 13){
-            printf(" Error code: %d \n", regs.err_code);
-
-        }
-        
-  
-       
-
-}
-
-
-
-void irq_handler (registers regs) {
-        
-     
-        if ( regs.int_no != 0) {
-            kterm_writestring("received interrupt!\n");
-            printf("(IRQ) Interrupt number: %d \n", regs.int_no);
-        
-        }
-        
-        if ( regs.int_no == 1 ){
-            // Keyboard interrupt !!
-
-            int scan;
-            /*register*/int i;
-
-            // Read scancode 
-
-            scan = inb(0x60);
-            
-            // Send ack message!
-            i = inb(0x61);
-            outb(0x61, i|0x80);
-            outb(0x61, i);
-            kterm_writestring("A key was pressed/released\n");
-            printf( "Scancode: %x\n", scan);
-
-    
-        }
-
-        
-        
-        outb(0x20, 0x20); // send end of interrupt to master
-
-        if ( regs.int_no > 8 && regs.int_no <= 15) {
-            outb(0xA0, 0x20); // send end of interrupt to slave 
-        }
-       
-       
-        if( regs.int_no == 13){
-            printf(" Error code: %d \n", regs.err_code);
-
-        }
-
-}
-
-
-
-
-
-void init_idt(){
-    // Initialise the IDT pointer
-    idt_ptr.length = sizeof(IDT_entry) * 255;
-    idt_ptr.base = (uint32_t)&idt_table;
-
-
-    // TODO: Set everything to zero first
-
-    set_id_entry(0,  (uint32_t) irs0 , 0x08, 0x8F);
-    set_id_entry(1,  (uint32_t) irs1 , 0x08, 0x8E);
-    set_id_entry(2,  (uint32_t) irs2 , 0x08, 0x8E);
-    set_id_entry(3,  (uint32_t) irs3 , 0x08, 0x8E);
-    set_id_entry(4,  (uint32_t) irs4 , 0x08, 0x8E);
-    set_id_entry(5,  (uint32_t) irs5 , 0x08, 0x8E);
-    set_id_entry(6,  (uint32_t) irs6 , 0x08, 0x8E);
-    set_id_entry(7,  (uint32_t) irs7 , 0x08, 0x8E);
-    set_id_entry(8,  (uint32_t) irs8 , 0x08, 0x8E);
-    set_id_entry(9,  (uint32_t) irs9 , 0x08, 0x8E);
-    set_id_entry(10, (uint32_t) irs10 , 0x08, 0x8E);
-    set_id_entry(11, (uint32_t) irs11 , 0x08, 0x8E);
-    set_id_entry(12, (uint32_t) irs12 , 0x08, 0x8E);
-    set_id_entry(13, (uint32_t) irs13 , 0x08, 0x8E);
-    set_id_entry(14, (uint32_t) irs14 , 0x08, 0x8E);
-    set_id_entry(15, (uint32_t) irs15 , 0x08, 0x8E);
-    set_id_entry(16, (uint32_t) irs16 , 0x08, 0x8E);
-    set_id_entry(17, (uint32_t) irs17 , 0x08, 0x8E);
-    set_id_entry(18, (uint32_t) irs18 , 0x08, 0x8E);
-    set_id_entry(19, (uint32_t) irs19 , 0x08, 0x8E); 
-    set_id_entry(20, (uint32_t) irs20 , 0x08, 0x8E);
-    set_id_entry(21, (uint32_t) irs21 , 0x08, 0x8E);
-    set_id_entry(22, (uint32_t) irs22 , 0x08, 0x8E);
-    set_id_entry(23, (uint32_t) irs23 , 0x08, 0x8E);
-    set_id_entry(24, (uint32_t) irs24 , 0x08, 0x8E);
-    set_id_entry(25, (uint32_t) irs25 , 0x08, 0x8E);
-    set_id_entry(26, (uint32_t) irs26 , 0x08, 0x8E);
-    set_id_entry(27, (uint32_t) irs27 , 0x08, 0x8E); 
-    set_id_entry(28, (uint32_t) irs28 , 0x08, 0x8E);
-    set_id_entry(29, (uint32_t) irs29 , 0x08, 0x8E);
-    set_id_entry(30, (uint32_t) irs30 , 0x08, 0x8E);
-    set_id_entry(31, (uint32_t) irs31 , 0x08, 0x8E);
-
-
-    //print_serial("Remapping PIC\n");
-    PIC_remap(0x20, 0x28);
-
-
-    // pic IRQ Table
-    set_id_entry(32, (uint32_t)irq0, 0x08, 0x8E);
-    set_id_entry(33, (uint32_t)irq1, 0x08, 0x8E);
-    set_id_entry(34, (uint32_t)irq2, 0x08, 0x8E);
-    set_id_entry(35, (uint32_t)irq3, 0x08, 0x8E);
-    set_id_entry(36, (uint32_t)irq4, 0x08, 0x8E);
-    set_id_entry(37, (uint32_t)irq5, 0x08, 0x8E);
-    set_id_entry(38, (uint32_t)irq6, 0x08, 0x8E);
-    set_id_entry(39, (uint32_t)irq7, 0x08, 0x8E);
-    set_id_entry(40, (uint32_t)irq8, 0x08, 0x8E);
-    set_id_entry(41, (uint32_t)irq9, 0x08, 0x8E);
-    set_id_entry(42, (uint32_t)irq10, 0x08, 0x8E);
-    set_id_entry(43, (uint32_t)irq11, 0x08, 0x8E);
-    set_id_entry(44, (uint32_t)irq12, 0x08, 0x8E);
-    set_id_entry(45, (uint32_t)irq13, 0x08, 0x8E);
-    set_id_entry(46, (uint32_t)irq14, 0x08, 0x8E);
-    set_id_entry(47, (uint32_t)irq15, 0x08, 0x8E);
-
-    
-    idt_flush((uint32_t)&idt_ptr);
-}

src/kernel/kernel.cpp

@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
-#include "kernel.h"
-#define GB4 524288
-#define GB2 262144
-    extern "C" void early_main(unsigned long magic, unsigned long addr){
-        /** initialize terminal interface */ 
-        kterm_init();
-        
-        if (magic != MULTIBOOT_BOOTLOADER_MAGIC){
-            printf("Invalid magic number: 0x%x\n",  magic);
-            return;
-        }
-
-        CheckMBT(  (multiboot_info_t *) addr);
-
-        multiboot_info_t* mbt = (multiboot_info_t*) addr;
-
-        /* Are mmap_* valid? */
-        if (CHECK_FLAG(mbt->flags, 6)){
-            PhysicalMemoryManager_initialise( mbt->mmap_addr,  GB2/* Seriously dangerous hardcoded memory value*/);
-            PhysicalMemoryManager_initialise_available_regions(mbt->mmap_addr, mbt->mmap_addr + mbt->mmap_length);
-            PhysicalMemoryManager_deinitialise_kernel();
-            extern uint8_t* kernel_begin;
-            extern uint8_t* kernel_end;
-
-            printf("Kernel MemoryMap:\n");
-            printf("kernel: 0x%x - 0x%x\n", &kernel_begin , &kernel_end);         
-        }
-
-        initGDT();
-
-       
-    }
-
-    extern "C" void kernel_main (void) {
-
-        printf("call to init serial\n");
-        init_serial();
-
-        while (true){
-            //Read time indefinetely 
-            read_rtc();
-            printf( "UTC time: %02d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d  [ Formatted as YY-MM-DD h:mm:ss]\r" ,year, month, day, hour, minute, second);
-            delay(1000);
-        }
-            
-
-        
-       
-    }   
-

src/kernel/kernel.h

@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-extern "C"{
-   #include "../libc/include/string.h" 
-}
-#include "vga/VBE.h"
-#include "tty/kterm.h"
-
-#include "./bootloader/multiboot.h"
-#include "bootcheck.h"
-#include "memory/PhysicalMemoryManager.h"
-
-#include "gdt/gdtc.h"
-#include "idt/idt.h"
-
-#include "io.h"
-#include "time.h"
-#include "cpu.h"
-#include "serial.h"
-
-#define CHECK_FLAG(flags, bit) ((flags) & (1 <<(bit)))
-#define PANIC(message) {  return; }
-
-
-/* This needs to be moved! */
-/**
- *      simple delay function 
- **/
-void delay(int t){
-    volatile int i,j;
-    for(i=0;i<t;i++)
-        for(j=0;j<25000;j++)
-            asm("NOP");
-}

src/kernel/kstructures/bitmap.h

@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once 
-#include <stddef.h>
-#include <stdint.h>
-
-
-inline void bitmap_set( uint32_t* map , int index )
-{
-    map[index/32] |= (1 << (index % 32));
-}
-
-inline void bitmap_unset(uint32_t* map , int index)
-{
-    map[index/32] &= ~(1 << (index % 32));
-}
-
-inline int bitmap_first_unset( uint32_t* map , int size)
-{
-    uint32_t rem_bits = size % 32;
-    for(uint32_t i = 0; i < size/32; i++)
-    {
-        if(map[i] != 0xFFFFFFFF){
-            for(int j = 0; j < 32; j++){
-                if(!(map[i] & (1<< j))){
-                    return (i*32) + j;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    if(rem_bits){
-        for(uint32_t j = 0; j < rem_bits; j++){
-            if(!(map[size/32] & (1 << j ))){
-                return size + j; // Original author divided size by 32 and then multiplied it by 32 which is a net zero calculation ?!?
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    return -1;
-    
-}

src/kernel/linker.ld

@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-/* The bootloader will look at this image and start execution at the symbol
-   designated as the entry point. */
-ENTRY(_start)
- 
-/* Tell where the various sections of the object files will be put in the final
-   kernel image. */
-SECTIONS
-{
-	
-	/* Begin putting sections at 1 MiB, a conventional place for kernels to be
-	   loaded at by the bootloader. */
-	. = 1M;
- 	kernel_begin = .;
-	/* First put the multiboot header, as it is required to be put very early
-	   early in the image or the bootloader won't recognize the file format.
-	   Next we'll put the .text section. */
-	.text BLOCK(4K) : ALIGN(4K)
-	{
-		*(.multiboot)
-		*(.text)
-	}
- 
-	/* Read-only data. */
-	.rodata BLOCK(4K) : ALIGN(4K)
-	{
-		*(.rodata)
-	}
- 
-	/* Read-write data (initialized) */
-	.data BLOCK(4K) : ALIGN(4K)
-	{
-		*(.data)
-	}
- 
-	/* Read-write data (uninitialized) and stack */
-	.bss BLOCK(4K) : ALIGN(4K)
-	{
-		*(COMMON)
-		*(.bss)
-	}
- 
-	/* The compiler may produce other sections, by default it will put them in
-	   a segment with the same name. Simply add stuff here as needed. */
-
-	kernel_end = .;
-}
-

src/kernel/memory/PageDirectory.cpp

@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-#include "PageDirectory.h"
-#include <stdint.h>
-
-
-
-void PageDirectory::enable(){
-    // https://wiki.osdev.org/Setting_Up_Paging
-    //set each entry to not present
-    int i;
-    for(i = 0; i < 1024; i++)
-    {
-        // This sets the following flags to the pages:
-        //   Supervisor: Only kernel-mode can access them
-        //   Write Enabled: It can be both read from and written to
-        //   Not Present: The page table is not present
-        this->page_directory[i] = 0x00000002;
-    }
-
-    // holds the physical address where we want to start mapping these pages to.
-    // in this case, we want to map these pages to the very beginning of memory.
-
-    //we will fill all 1024 entries in the table, mapping 4 megabytes
-    for(unsigned int i = 0; i < 1024; i++)
-    {
-        // As the address is page aligned, it will always leave 12 bits zeroed.
-        // Those bits are used by the attributes ;)
-        first_page_table[i] = (i * 0x1000) | 3; // attributes: supervisor level, read/write, present.
-    }
-
-    // attributes: supervisor level, read/write, present
-    this->page_directory[0] = ((unsigned int)first_page_table) | 3;
-
-
-    loadPageDirectory(this->page_directory);
-    enablePaging();
-}
-
-/*
-void IdentityPaging(uint32_t *first_pte, vaddr from, int size)
-{
-    from = from & 0xFFFFF000; // Discard the bits we don't want
-    for (; size > 0; from += 4096, first_pte++)
-    {
-        *first_pte = from | 1; // makr page present.
-    }
-}
-*/

src/kernel/memory/PageDirectory.h

@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once 
-#include <stdint.h>
-
-extern "C" void loadPageDirectory (uint32_t* addr );
-extern "C" void enablePaging();
-typedef uintptr_t address_t;
-
-
-#define KB 1024
-
-static const int MAX_PAGES =  1024 * KB; // 4GB , 4kB/page
-static volatile address_t pmem_stack[MAX_PAGES];
-static volatile address_t pmem_stack_top = MAX_PAGES; // top down allocation
-
-
-struct page_directory_entry {};
-struct page_table_entry{};
-
-
-
-class PageDirectory {
-    public:
-    void enable ();
-    
-    private:
-    uint32_t page_directory[1024] __attribute__((aligned(4096)));
-    uint32_t first_page_table[1024] __attribute__((aligned(4096)));
-};

src/kernel/memory/PageFrameAllocator.cpp

@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-#include "PageFrameAllocator.h"
-
-
-MemoryInfo memInfo {};
-void mapMultibootMemoryMap( multiboot_info_t *mbt){
-    printf("mmap_addr = 0x%x, mmap_length = 0x%x\n",
-    (unsigned) mbt->mmap_addr, (unsigned) mbt->mmap_length);
-    multiboot_memory_map_t *mmap = (multiboot_memory_map_t*) mbt->mmap_addr;
-
-    for (;  (unsigned long) mmap < mbt->mmap_addr + mbt->mmap_length;  mmap = (multiboot_memory_map_t *) ((unsigned long) mmap + mmap->size + sizeof(mmap->size))){
-
-            if ( mmap->type == MULTIBOOT_MEMORY_AVAILABLE){
-                memInfo.memorySizeInBytes +=  mmap->len;   
-            } else {
-                memInfo.reservedMemoryInBytes += mmap->len;
-            }
-            
-            print_Multiboot_memory_Map(mmap);
-            
-        }
-    uint32_t memorySizeInGiB = memInfo.memorySizeInBytes / 1073741824; 
-
-    printf("Available Memory: 0x%x bytes, 0x%x GiB\n",  memInfo.memorySizeInBytes, memorySizeInGiB );
-    printf("Reserved Memory: 0x%x bytes\n",  memInfo.reservedMemoryInBytes );
-
-}
-
-void print_Multiboot_memory_Map(multiboot_memory_map_t* mmap){
-    printf(
-        "size = 0x%x, base_addr = 0x%x%08x, length = 0x%x%08x, type = 0x%x\n",
-        (unsigned) mmap->size,
-        (unsigned) (mmap->addr >> 32),
-        (unsigned) (mmap->addr & 0xffffffff),
-        (unsigned) (mmap->len >> 32),
-        (unsigned) (mmap->len & 0xffffffff),
-        (unsigned) mmap->type
-    );
-}

src/kernel/memory/PageFrameAllocator.h

@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-#include "../arch/i386/tty/kterm.h"
-
-#include <stdint.h>
-#include "../bootloader/multiboot.h"
-
-struct MemoryInfo{
-    uint32_t memorySizeInBytes = 0;
-    uint32_t reservedMemoryInBytes = 0;
-};
-
-
-extern void *kernel_begin;
-extern void *kernel_end;
-
-
-
-
-void print_Multiboot_memory_Map(multiboot_memory_map_t*);
-void mapMultibootMemoryMap(multiboot_info_t*);

src/kernel/memory/PhysicalMemoryManager.cpp

@@ -1,118 +0,0 @@
-#include "PhysicalMemoryManager.h"
-
-size_t mem_size = 0;
-int used_blocks = 0;
-size_t max_blocks = 0;
-uint32_t* pmmap = 0;
-size_t pmmap_size = 0; 
-
-
-void PhysicalMemoryManager_initialise(uint32_t physicalmemorymap_address, size_t size )
-{
-    mem_size = size;
-    max_blocks = KB_TO_BLOCKS(mem_size);
-
-    used_blocks = max_blocks;
-
-    pmmap = (uint32_t*) physicalmemorymap_address;
-
-    if(max_blocks % BLOCKS_PER_WORD)
-        pmmap_size++;
-    
-    memset(pmmap, 0xFF, pmmap_size);
-}
-
-void PhysicalMemoryManager_region_initialise(uint32_t base, size_t size)
-{
-    size_t blocks = size /BLOCK_SIZE;
-    uint32_t align = base / BLOCK_SIZE;
-
-    for(size_t i = 0 ; i < blocks; i ++)
-    {
-        bitmap_unset(pmmap, align++);
-        used_blocks--;
-    }
-
-    bitmap_set(pmmap, 0);
-
-}
-
-void PhysicalMemoryManager_region_deinitialise(uint32_t base, size_t size )
-{
-    size_t blocks = size / BLOCK_SIZE;
-    uint32_t align = base / BLOCK_SIZE;
-
-    for(size_t i = 0 ; i < blocks; i++ )
-    {
-        bitmap_set(pmmap, align++);
-        used_blocks++;
-    }
-
-
-}
-
-void PhysicalMemoryManager_initialise_available_regions(uint32_t mmap_, uint32_t mmap_end_)
-{
-    multiboot_memory_map_t *mmap = (multiboot_memory_map_t*)mmap_;
-    multiboot_memory_map_t *mmap_end= (multiboot_memory_map_t*) mmap_end_;
-
-    for(int i = 0; mmap < mmap_end ; mmap++, i++)
-    {   
-        if(mmap->type == MULTIBOOT_MEMORY_AVAILABLE)
-        {
-            PhysicalMemoryManager_region_initialise((uint32_t) mmap->addr, (size_t) mmap->len);
-        }
-    }
-
-}
-
-void PhysicalMemoryManager_deinitialise_kernel()
-{
-    extern uint8_t kernel_begin;
-    extern uint8_t kernel_end;
-
-    size_t kernel_size = (size_t) &kernel_end - (size_t) &kernel_begin;
-
-    uint32_t pmmap_size_aligned = pmmap_size;
-    if(!IS_ALIGNED(pmmap_size_aligned, BLOCK_SIZE))
-    {
-        pmmap_size_aligned = ALIGN(pmmap_size_aligned, BLOCK_SIZE);
-    }
-    
-    PhysicalMemoryManager_region_deinitialise((uint32_t) &kernel_begin, kernel_size);
-    PhysicalMemoryManager_region_deinitialise((uint32_t) &kernel_end, pmmap_size_aligned);
-    
-}
-
-void* PhysicalMemoryManager_allocate_block()
-{
-    if(used_blocks - max_blocks <= 0)
-    {
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    int p_index = bitmap_first_unset(pmmap, p_index );
-
-    if(p_index == -1){
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    bitmap_set(pmmap, p_index);
-    used_blocks++;
-
-    return (void*) (BLOCK_SIZE * p_index);
-}
-
-void PhysicalMemoryManager_free_block(void* p){
-    if(p==0){
-        return ;
-    }
-
-    uint32_t p_addr = (uint32_t) p;
-
-    int index  = p_addr / BLOCK_SIZE;
-    bitmap_unset(pmmap, index);
-
-    used_blocks--;
-
-}

src/kernel/memory/PhysicalMemoryManager.h

@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include "../bootloader/multiboot.h"
-#include <stdint.h>
-#include <stddef.h>
-#include "../../libc/include/mem.h"
-#include "../kstructures/bitmap.h"
-
-
-#define BLOCK_SIZE 4092
-#define BLOCKS_PER_WORD 32
-
-#define KB_TO_BLOCKS(x) (((x) * 1024 ) / BLOCK_SIZE)
-#define IS_ALIGNED(addr, align) !((addr) & ~((align) - 1))
-#define ALIGN(addr, align) (((addr) & ~((align) - 1 )) + (align))
-
-
-extern void PhysicalMemoryManager_initialise(uint32_t, size_t);
-
-extern void PhysicalMemoryManager_region_initialise(uint32_t, size_t);
-extern void PhysicalMemoryManager_region_deinitialise(uint32_t,size_t);
-
-extern void PhysicalMemoryManager_initialise_available_regions(uint32_t, uint32_t);
-extern void PhysicalMemoryManager_deinitialise_kernel();
-
-extern void* PhysicalMemoryManager_allocate_block();
-extern void PhysicalMemoryManager_free_block(void* p);
-
-
-extern size_t mem_size;
-extern int used_blocks;
-extern size_t max_blocks;
-extern uint32_t* pmmap;
-extern size_t pmmap_size ; 

src/kernel/memory/SlabAllocator.h

@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-/**
- *  We'll need something to this effect to allocate memory in the kernel
- *  this will hopefully someday implement a full slab allocator 
- **/
-enum SlabState {
-    empty,
-    partial,
-    full 
-};
-
-class CacheSlab {
-    const int SlabSize = 4000;
-    void* start = 0x0;
-};
-
-
-class Allocator {
-
-    public:
-        Allocator();
-        ~Allocator();
-
-        void* kmalloc( int size );
-        void kfree (void* address);
-
-    private:
-        CacheSlab** _cache;
-
-
-
-
-};

src/kernel/paging.s

@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-.globl enablePaging
-enablePaging:
-	push %ebp
-	mov %esp, %ebp
-	mov %cr0, %eax
-	or $0x80000000, %eax
-	mov %eax, %cr0
-	mov %ebp, %esp
-	pop %ebp
-	ret
-
-.globl loadPageDirectory
-loadPageDirectory:
-	push %ebp
-	mov %esp, %ebp
-	mov 8(%esp), %eax
-	mov %eax, %cr3
-	mov %ebp, %esp
-	pop %ebp
-	ret

src/libc/include/string.c

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-#include "string.h"
-
-size_t strlen(const char* str) {
-    size_t len = 0;
-    while(str[len]){
-        len++;
-    }
-    return len;
-}

todo.md

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# TODO list
+
+![Todo image](https://camo.githubusercontent.com/c43d969d9d071c8342e9a69cdd6acb433c541f431127738974ce22290c46f2b8/68747470733a2f2f692e696d6775722e636f6d2f4f764d5a4273392e6a7067)
+
+
+This list keeps me focused and organised so I don't forget what
+needs to be done. It is a expansion on the features markdown file which describes the features. Here I put things I need to remember 
+to do on a more in depth level.
+
+## --
+[ ] Setup paging  \
+[ ] HELP command   
+[ ] Setup a proper HEAP \
+[ ] Setup a proper Stack \
+[ ] Setup KMalloc and KFree \
+[ ] Merge Functioning Feature branches into sandboxKernelDev \
+[ ] Remove merged feature branches \
+[ ] Merge sandboxKernelDev with dev \
+[ ] Remove sandboxKernelDev branch \
+[ ] Implement proper virtual filesystem 
+