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Improved build system

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Added new entries to .gitignore
Moved away from source directory as central spot for all source code
This commit is contained in:
Nigel Barink
2023-02-20 00:29:06 +01:00
parent 2bcc79216e
commit dea8ab7d71
105 changed files with 140 additions and 156 deletions
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125
kernel/Makefile Normal file
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EMULATOR = qemu-system-i386
AS = ${HOME}/opt/cross/bin/i686-elf-as
CC = ${HOME}/opt/cross/bin/i686-elf-gcc
CPP = ${HOME}/opt/cross/bin/i686-elf-g++
CFLAGS = -ffreestanding -Og -ggdb -Wall -Wextra -I ../build/CoreLib/include
BUILD_DIR = ../build/kernel
OBJ_DIR = ../bin/kernel
CRTBEGIN_OBJ = $(shell $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -print-file-name=crtbegin.o)
CRTEND_OBJ = $(shell $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -print-file-name=crtend.o)
CRTI_OBJ = $(OBJ_DIR)/crti.o
CRTN_OBJ = $(OBJ_DIR)/crtn.o
OFILES = $(OBJ_DIR)/boot.o \
$(OBJ_DIR)/kterm.o \
$(OBJ_DIR)/kernel.o \
$(OBJ_DIR)/memory.o \
$(OBJ_DIR)/paging.o \
$(OBJ_DIR)/VFS.o \
$(OBJ_DIR)/pit.o \
$(OBJ_DIR)/time.o \
$(OBJ_DIR)/keyboard.o \
$(OBJ_DIR)/io.o \
$(OBJ_DIR)/processor.o \
$(OBJ_DIR)/gdtc.o \
$(OBJ_DIR)/idt.o \
$(OBJ_DIR)/pic.o \
$(OBJ_DIR)/sv-terminal.o \
$(OBJ_DIR)/prekernel.o \
$(OBJ_DIR)/KHeap.o \
$(OBJ_DIR)/pci.o \
$(OBJ_DIR)/pcidevice.o \
$(OBJ_DIR)/atapiDevice.o \
$(OBJ_DIR)/ataDevice.o \
$(OBJ_DIR)/rsdp.o \
$(OBJ_DIR)/acpi.o
OBJ_LINK_LIST = $(CRTI_OBJ) $(CRTBEGIN_OBJ) $(OFILES) $(CRTEND_OBJ) $(CRTN_OBJ)
INTERNAL_OBJS = $(CRTI_OBJ) $(OFILES) $(CRTN_OBJ)
all: build
build: $(OBJ_LINK_LIST)
$(CPP) -T linker.ld -o $(BUILD_DIR)/myos.bin -ffreestanding -ggdb -Og -nostdlib $(OBJ_LINK_LIST) -lgcc -L ../build/CoreLib -lCoreLib
# C++ definition -> Object files
$(OBJ_DIR)/kernel.o:
$(CPP) -c kernel.cpp -o $(OBJ_DIR)/kernel.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
$(OBJ_DIR)/kterm.o:
$(CPP) -c terminal/kterm.cpp -o $(OBJ_DIR)/kterm.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
$(OBJ_DIR)/io.o:
$(CPP) -c drivers/io/io.cpp -o $(OBJ_DIR)/io.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
$(OBJ_DIR)/idt.o:
$(CPP) -c interrupts/idt.cpp -o $(OBJ_DIR)/idt.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
$(OBJ_DIR)/gdtc.o:
$(CPP) -c memory/gdt/gdtc.cpp -o $(OBJ_DIR)/gdtc.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
$(OBJ_DIR)/pic.o:
$(CPP) -c drivers/pic/pic.cpp -o $(OBJ_DIR)/pic.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
$(OBJ_DIR)/PhysicalMemoryManager.o:
$(CPP) -c memory/PhysicalMemoryManager.cpp -o $(OBJ_DIR)/PhysicalMemoryManager.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
$(OBJ_DIR)/pci.o:
$(CPP) -c drivers/pci/pci.cpp -o $(OBJ_DIR)/pci.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
$(OBJ_DIR)/pcidevice.o:
$(CPP) -c drivers/pci/pciDevice.cpp -o $(OBJ_DIR)/pcidevice.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
$(OBJ_DIR)/atapiDevice.o:
$(CPP) -c drivers/atapi/atapiDevice.cpp -o $(OBJ_DIR)/atapiDevice.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
$(OBJ_DIR)/ataDevice.o:
$(CPP) -c drivers/ata/ataDevice.cpp -o $(OBJ_DIR)/ataDevice.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
$(OBJ_DIR)/rsdp.o:
$(CPP) -c drivers/acpi/rsdp.cpp -o $(OBJ_DIR)/rsdp.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
$(OBJ_DIR)/acpi.o:
$(CPP) -c drivers/acpi/acpi.cpp -o $(OBJ_DIR)/acpi.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
$(OBJ_DIR)/pit.o:
$(CPP) -c drivers/pit/pit.cpp -o $(OBJ_DIR)/pit.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
$(OBJ_DIR)/VFS.o:
$(CPP) -c vfs/VFS.cpp -o $(OBJ_DIR)/VFS.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
$(OBJ_DIR)/keyboard.o:
$(CPP) -c drivers/ps-2/keyboard.cpp -o $(OBJ_DIR)/keyboard.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
$(OBJ_DIR)/time.o:
$(CPP) -c time.cpp -o $(OBJ_DIR)/time.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
$(OBJ_DIR)/sv-terminal.o:
$(CPP) -c supervisorterminal/superVisorTerminal.cpp -o $(OBJ_DIR)/sv-terminal.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
$(OBJ_DIR)/memory.o:
$(CPP) -c memory/PhysicalMemoryManager.cpp -o $(OBJ_DIR)/memory.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
$(OBJ_DIR)/paging.o:
$(CPP) -c memory/VirtualMemoryManager.cpp -o $(OBJ_DIR)/paging.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
$(OBJ_DIR)/KHeap.o:
$(CPP) -c memory/KernelHeap.cpp -o $(OBJ_DIR)/KHeap.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
$(OBJ_DIR)/prekernel.o:
$(CPP) -c prekernel/prekernel.cpp -o $(OBJ_DIR)/prekernel.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
$(OBJ_DIR)/processor.o:
$(CPP) -c i386/processor.cpp -o $(OBJ_DIR)/processor.o $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
# Assembly -> Object files
$(OBJ_DIR)/boot.o:
$(AS) boot/boot.s -o $(OBJ_DIR)/boot.o
$(OBJ_DIR)/crti.o:
$(AS) crti.s -o $(OBJ_DIR)/crti.o
$(OBJ_DIR)/crtn.o:
$(AS) crtn.s -o $(OBJ_DIR)/crtn.o

38
kernel/bitmap.h Normal file
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#pragma once
#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdint.h>
inline void bitmap_set( uint32_t* map , int index )
{
map[index/32] |= (1 << (index % 32));
}
inline void bitmap_unset(uint32_t* map , int index)
{
map[index/32] &= ~(1 << (index % 32));
}
inline uint32_t bitmap_first_unset( uint32_t* map , int map_size)
{
for ( int i = 0 ; i < map_size ; i ++ )
{
// a bit or more is set within this byte!
if( (map[i] & 0xFFFFFFFF) > 0 ){
// which bit is set?
for(int j = 0 ; j < 32 ; j++){
if ( (map[i] & (0x00000001 << j)) > 0)
{
return (i*32)+j;
}
}
}
}
return -1;
}

130
kernel/boot/boot.s Normal file
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.include "./boot/multiboot.s"
/*
* Allocate initial stack
*/
.section .bootstrap_stack, "aw", @nobits
stack_bottom:
.skip 16384 # 16 KiB
.globl stack_top
stack_top:
/*
* Preallocate a couple pages to get us bootstrapped
* Being carefull to not use any address the bootloader might
* be using for its multiboot structures
*/
.section .bss, "aw", @nobits
.align 4096
.globl boot_page_directory
boot_page_directory:
.skip 4096
.globl boot_page_table
boot_page_table:
.skip 4096
.globl multiboot_page_table
multiboot_page_table:
.skip 4096
# More page tables may be required
# Entry point
.section .multiboot.text, "a"
.globl _start
.type _start, @function
_start:
# Get physical address of the boot_page_table
movl $(boot_page_table - 0xC0000000), %edi
# Map address 0
movl $0, %esi
1:
cmpl $(kernel_end - 0xC0000000), %esi
jge 3f
# Map physical address as "present and writable"
movl %esi, %edx
orl $0x003, %edx
movl %edx, (%edi)
2: # Size of page is 4096 bytes
addl $4096, %esi
# Size of entries in boot_page_table is 4 bytes
addl $4, %edi
# Loop to the next entry if we haven't finished.
loop 1b
3: # Map VGA video memory to 0xC03FF00 as "present, writable"
movl $(0x000B8000 | 0x003), boot_page_table - 0xC0000000 + 1023 * 4
# Map the page table to both virtual addresss 0x00000000 and 0xC0000000
movl $(boot_page_table - 0xC0000000 + 0x003), boot_page_directory - 0xC0000000 + 0
movl $(boot_page_table - 0xC0000000 + 0x003), boot_page_directory - 0xC0000000 + 768 * 4
# Set cr3 to the address of the boot_page_directory
movl $(boot_page_directory - 0xC0000000), %ecx
movl %ecx, %cr3
# Enable paging and the write-protect bit
movl %cr0, %ecx
orl $0x80010000, %ecx
movl %ecx, %cr0
# Jump to higher half with an absolute jump
lea 4f, %ecx
jmp *%ecx
.section .text
4:
# At this point, paging is fully set up and enabled
isPaging:
# Reload cr3 to force tlb flush
movl %cr3, %ecx
movl %ecx, %cr3
/*Setup the stack pointer to point to the beginning of our stack */
/* I believe its a high address growing down to lower adress for the stack on x86*/
mov $stack_top, %esp
/*Reset EFLAGS*/
pushl $0
popf
/* push the pointer to the Multiboot information structure*/
pushl %ebx
/* push the magic value */
pushl %eax
call prekernelSetup
# Unmap the identity mapping as it is now unnecessary
# movl $0, boot_page_directory + 0
call kernel
cli
1: hlt
jmp 1b
.include "./memory/gdt/gdt.s"
.include "./irs_table.s"
.include "./irq_table.s"
.include "./interrupts/idt.s"
.globl jump_usermode
jump_usermode:
mov $((4*8) | 3) , %ax
mov %ax, %ds
mov %ax, %es
mov %ax, %fs
mov %ax, %gs
mov %esp, %eax
push $( (3*8) | 3)
push %eax
pushf
push $( ( 3 * 8) | 3)
push startSuperVisorTerminal
iret

15
kernel/boot/multiboot.s Normal file
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/*
* Multiboot
*/
.set ALIGN, 1<<0 /* align loaded modules on page boundaries */
.set MEMINFO, 1<<1 /* provide memory map */
.set FLAGS, ALIGN | MEMINFO /* this is the Multiboot 'flag' field */
.set MAGIC, 0x1BADB002 /* 'magic number' lets bootloader find the header */
.set CHECKSUM, -(MAGIC + FLAGS) /* checksum of above, to prove we are multiboot */
.section .multiboot.data, "aw"
.align 4
.long MAGIC
.long FLAGS
.long CHECKSUM

91
kernel/bootcheck.h Normal file
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#pragma once
#include "prekernel/multiboot.h"
#define CHECK_FLAG(flags, bit) ((flags) & (1 <<(bit)))
#include "terminal/kterm.h"
void CheckMBT ( multiboot_info_t* mbt ){
/* Set MBI to the addresss of the multiboot information structure*/
multiboot_info_t * mbi = (multiboot_info_t *) mbt;
#ifdef __VERBOSE__
/* Print out the flags */
printf("flags = 0x%x\n", (unsigned) mbi->flags);
#endif
/* Are mem_* valid? */
if ( CHECK_FLAG(mbi->flags,0)){
// Do nothing
}
/* is boot device valid ? */
if (CHECK_FLAG (mbi->flags, 1))
{
#ifdef __VERBOSE__
printf("boot_device = 0x0%x\n", (unsigned) mbi->boot_device);
#endif
}
/* is the command line passed? */
if (CHECK_FLAG ( mbi->flags,2))
{
#ifdef __VERBOSE__
printf("cmdline = %s\n", (char *) mbi->cmdline);
#endif
}
/* Are mods_* valid? */
if(CHECK_FLAG ( mbi->flags, 3)){
multiboot_module_t *mod;
uint32_t i;
#ifdef __VERBOSE__
printf("mods count = %d, mods_addr = 0x%x\n", (int) mbi->mods_count, (int) mbi->mods_addr);
for(i = 0, mod = (multiboot_module_t *) mbi->mods_addr; i < mbi->mods_count; i++ , mod++){
printf(" mod start = 0x%x, mod_end = 0x%x, cmdline = %s\n", (unsigned) mod->mod_start, (unsigned) mod->mod_end, (char*) mod->cmdline);
}
#endif
}
/* Bits 4 and 5 are mutually exclusive! */
if (CHECK_FLAG (mbi->flags, 4) && CHECK_FLAG(mbi->flags, 5))
{
#ifdef __VERBOSE__
printf("Both bits 4 and 5 are set.\n");
#endif
return;
}
/* Is the symbol table of a.out valid? */
if (CHECK_FLAG(mbi->flags, 4)){
multiboot_aout_symbol_table_t *multiboot_aout_sym = &(mbi->u.aout_sym);
#ifdef __VERBOSE__
printf( "multiboot_aout_symbol_table: tabsize = 0x%0x, strsize = 0x%x, addr = 0x%x\n",
(unsigned) multiboot_aout_sym->tabsize,
(unsigned) multiboot_aout_sym->strsize,
(unsigned) multiboot_aout_sym->addr);
#endif
}
/* Is the section header table of ELF valid? */
if (CHECK_FLAG(mbi->flags, 5)){
multiboot_elf_section_header_table_t *multiboot_elf_sec = &(mbi->u.elf_sec);
#ifdef __VERBOSE__
printf("multiboot_elf_sec: num = %u, size = 0x%x, addr = 0x%x, shnd = 0x%x\n",
(unsigned) multiboot_elf_sec->num, (unsigned) multiboot_elf_sec->size,
(unsigned) multiboot_elf_sec->addr, (unsigned) multiboot_elf_sec->shndx);
#endif
}
/* Draw diagonal blue line */
if (CHECK_FLAG (mbt->flags, 12)){
#ifdef __VERBOSE__
printf("Can draw!\n");
#endif
}
}

9
kernel/bootinfo.h Normal file
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#pragma once
#include "memory/memoryinfo.h"
struct BootInfo{
const char* BootStructureID = "BarinkOS";
MemoryInfo* memory;
};

14
kernel/crti.s Normal file
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.section .init
.global _init
.type _init, @function
_init:
push %ebp
movl %esp, %ebp
/* gcc will nicely put the contents of crtbegin.o's .init section here. */
.section .fini
.global _fini
.type _fini, @function
_fini:
push %ebp
movl %esp, %ebp

7
kernel/crtn.s Normal file
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.section .init
popl %ebp
ret
.section .fini
popl %ebp
ret

9
kernel/definitions.h Normal file
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#pragma once
/**
* Kernel definitions
*/
#define __DEBUG__ false
#define KERNEL_VERSION 0.03
#define ARCHITECTURE "I386"

15
kernel/drivers/acpi/acpi.cpp Normal file
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#include "acpi.h"
RSDPTR* ACPI::rsd_ptr;
RSDT* ACPI::rsd_table;
void ACPI::initialize(){
// Find the Root System Description Pointer
ACPI::rsd_ptr = FindRSD();
printRSD(rsd_ptr);
// Get the Root System Description Table
ACPI::rsd_table = getRSDT((RSDPTR*)((uint32_t)rsd_ptr + 0xC00000000));
}

13
kernel/drivers/acpi/acpi.h Normal file
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#pragma once
#include "rsdp.h"
class ACPI {
public:
static void initialize();
// In the future ACPI might start
// doing more systems initialization
private:
static RSDPTR* rsd_ptr;
static RSDT* rsd_table;
};

45
kernel/drivers/acpi/rsdp.cpp Normal file
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#include "rsdp.h"
void printRSD(RSDPTR* rsd){
printf("Signature: ");
for(int i = 0; i < 8; i++){
kterm_put(rsd->signature[i]);
}
kterm_put('\n');
printf("OEMID: ");
for(int i =0; i < 6 ; i++){
kterm_put (rsd->OEMID[i]);
}
kterm_put('\n');
printf("Revision: %d\n", rsd->Revision);
printf("RSDT Address: 0x%x\n", rsd->RsdtAddress );
}
RSDPTR* FindRSD(){
char* memory_byte = (char*) 0xC00f2e14;
const void* string = "RSD PTR ";
for( ; (uint32_t) memory_byte < 0xC0100000; memory_byte+=10){
if( memcmp(memory_byte , string , 8 ) == 0 ) {
printf("RSD PTR found at 0x%x !\n", memory_byte);
break;
}
}
return (RSDPTR*) memory_byte;
}
RSDT* getRSDT(RSDPTR* rsd){
RSDT* rsdt = (RSDT*) rsd->RsdtAddress;
printf("OEMID: ");
for(int i = 0; i < 6; i++){
kterm_put(rsdt->header.OEMID[i]);
}
kterm_put('\n');
return rsdt;
}

35
kernel/drivers/acpi/rsdp.h Normal file
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#pragma once
#include <stdint.h>
#include "./../../terminal/kterm.h"
#include <CoreLib/Memory.h>
struct RSDPTR {
char signature[8];
uint8_t Checksum ;
char OEMID [6];
uint8_t Revision;
uint32_t RsdtAddress;
}__attribute__((packed));
struct ACPISDTHeader{
char Signature[4];
uint32_t Length;
uint8_t CheckSum;
char OEMID[6];
char OEMTableID[8];
uint32_t OEMRevision;
uint32_t CreatorID;
uint32_t CreatorRevision;
}__attribute__((packed));
struct RSDT{
struct ACPISDTHeader header;
uint32_t PointerToSDT[]; // Length of array : (header.Length - sizeof(header))/ 4
}__attribute__((packed));
RSDPTR* FindRSD();
void printRSD(RSDPTR* rsd);
RSDT* getRSDT(RSDPTR* rsd);

193
kernel/drivers/ata/ataDevice.cpp Normal file
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#include "ataDevice.h"
#define IS_BIT_SET(x, bit) ((x >> bit & 0x1) == 1)
void ATA_DEVICE::Soft_Reset(uint8_t DEVICE_CHANNEL,DEVICE_DRIVE drive){
printf("Soft reseting drive...\n");
outb(channels[DEVICE_CHANNEL].base + 7 , 0x4);
// wait a bit..
for(int i = 0 ; i < 1000000; i++){
asm volatile("NOP");
}
outb(channels[DEVICE_CHANNEL].base + 7 , 0x0);
}
void ATA_DEVICE::Identify(uint16_t DEVICE_CHANNEL,DEVICE_DRIVE drive ){
// lets ignore which port we actually want to check for now !
/*
THE STEPS INVOLVED
1. Select the target drive by sending master (0x0A) or slave (0x0B) to the
drive select IO port
2. Set the Sectorcount, LBAlo, LBAmid and LBAhi IO ports to 0
3. Send the identify command (0xEC) to the command IO port
4. Read the status port
4.2 If the value is 0x0 the drive does not exist
4.3 If it has any other value continue
5. poll the status port until bit 7 is clear.
6. Check if the LBAmid and LBAhi ports are non-zero
6.2. If non-zero stop polling this is not an ATA device
6.3 If zero continue
7. poll status port until bit 3 is set or bit 0 is set
8. if err is clear, read the data from the data port
*/
//printf("channel selected: 0x%x", DEVICE_CHANNEL);
// Assuming Master here
// Select the target drive
outb(DEVICE_CHANNEL | 6, drive); // on the primary bus select the master drive
outb(DEVICE_CHANNEL | 6 , 0x0); // write 0 to the controlport for some reason
outb(DEVICE_CHANNEL | 6, drive);
uint8_t status = inb(DEVICE_CHANNEL | 7 );
if(status == 0x00){
printf("No drive\n");
return;
}
// send the identify command;
outb(DEVICE_CHANNEL | 7, 0xEC);
// set the sectorCount, LBAlo, LBAmid, LBA,hi IO ports to 0
outb(DEVICE_CHANNEL | 2, 0);
outb(DEVICE_CHANNEL | 3, 0);
outb(DEVICE_CHANNEL | 4, 0);
outb(DEVICE_CHANNEL | 5, 0);
// send the identify command ;
//printf("command sent!\n");
outb(DEVICE_CHANNEL | 7 , 0xEC);
// read the status port
uint8_t status2 = inb(DEVICE_CHANNEL | 7);
if( status2 == 0x00){
printf("No drive\n");
return;
}
//printf("Waiting until ready...\n");
while(((status2 & 0x80 == 0x80)
&& (status2 & 0x01) != 0x01)
) status2 = inb(DEVICE_CHANNEL | 7);
if( status2 & 0x01){
printf("Error!\n");
return ;
}
uint16_t deviceIdentify [256] = {0};
for ( int i = 0; i < 256; i++){
uint16_t data;
asm volatile ("inw %1, %0" : "=a"(data): "Nd"(DEVICE_CHANNEL));
deviceIdentify[i] = data;
}
printf("Model-label (ASCII hex): ");
for(int i = 27; i < 47; i++){
kterm_put((char)(deviceIdentify[i] >> 8));
kterm_put((char)(deviceIdentify[i] & 0x00FF));
}
kterm_put('\n');
}
void ATA_DEVICE::Read(uint16_t DEVICE_CHANNEL, DEVICE_DRIVE drive, uint32_t LBA, uint16_t* buffer) {
/*
Assume you have a sectorcount byte and a 28 bit LBA value. A sectorcount of 0 means 256 sectors = 128K.
Notes: - When you send a command byte and the RDY bit of the Status Registers is clear, you may have to wait (technically up to 30 seconds) for the drive to spin up, before DRQ sets. You may also need to ignore ERR and DF the first four times that you read the Status, if you are polling.
- for polling PIO drivers: After transferring the last uint16_t of a PIO data block to the data IO port, give the drive a 400ns delay to reset its DRQ bit (and possibly set BSY again, while emptying/filling its buffer to/from the drive).
- on the "magic bits" sent to port 0x1f6: Bit 6 (value = 0x40) is the LBA bit. This must be set for either LBA28 or LBA48 transfers. It must be clear for CHS transfers. Bits 7 and 5 are obsolete for current ATA drives, but must be set for backwards compatibility with very old (ATA1) drives.
An example of a 28 bit LBA PIO mode read on the Primary bus:
*/
const int sectorCount = 1;
// Floating bus check
uint8_t floatingBus = inb(DEVICE_CHANNEL | 7);
if (floatingBus == 0xFF){
printf("Floating bus!!");
return ;
}
//printf("Read LBA: 0x%x\n", LBA);
// Send 0xE0 for the "master" or 0xF0 for the "slave", ORed with the highest 4 bits of the LBA to port 0x1F6: outb(0x1F6, 0xE0 | (slavebit << 4) | ((LBA >> 24) & 0x0F))
outb(DEVICE_CHANNEL | 6 , ( 0xE0 | (LBA >>28) ) );
// Send a NULL byte to port 0x1F1, if you like (it is ignored and wastes lots of CPU time): outb(0x1F1, 0x00)
outb(DEVICE_CHANNEL | 1, 0x0000 );
//Send the sectorcount to port 0x1F2: outb(0x1F2, (unsigned char) count)
outb(DEVICE_CHANNEL | 2, sectorCount);
//Send the low 8 bits of the LBA to port 0x1F3: outb(0x1F3, (unsigned char) LBA))
outb(DEVICE_CHANNEL | 3, LBA);
//Send the next 8 bits of the LBA to port 0x1F4: outb(0x1F4, (unsigned char)(LBA >> 8))
outb(DEVICE_CHANNEL | 4, (LBA >> 8));
//Send the next 8 bits of the LBA to port 0x1F5: outb(0x1F5, (unsigned char)(LBA >> 16))
outb(DEVICE_CHANNEL | 5, (LBA >> 16));
//Send the "READ SECTORS" command (0x20) to port 0x1F7: outb(0x1F7, 0x20)
outb(DEVICE_CHANNEL | 7, 0x20);
volatile int i,j;
for(i=0;i<2000;i++)
for(j=0;j<25000;j++)
asm("NOP");
//Wait for an IRQ or poll.
uint8_t status = inb(DEVICE_CHANNEL | 7);
if( status == 0x00){
printf("No drive\n");
return;
}
//printf("Status: %x\n", status);
// Check if busy!
while((status & 0x80) == 0x80){
printf("Reading....\r");
status = inb(DEVICE_CHANNEL | 7);
}
if ((status & 0x01) == 0x01){
printf("Error occured during read!\n");
return;
}
//Transfer 256 16-bit values, a uint16_t at a time, into your buffer from I/O port 0x1F0.
if( status & 0x01){
printf("Error!\n");
printf("Status: 0x%x\n", status);
uint16_t error_register = inb(DEVICE_CHANNEL | 1);
printf("Error register 0x%x\n",error_register );
return ;
}
for ( int i = 0; i < 256; i++){
uint16_t data;
asm volatile ("inw %1, %0" : "=a"(data): "Nd"(DEVICE_CHANNEL));
// printf (" %x ", data);
buffer[i] = data;
}
//Then loop back to waiting for the next IRQ (or poll again -- see next note) for each successive sector.
}
void ATA_DEVICE::Write(uint16_t DEVICE_CHANNEL, DEVICE_DRIVE drive) {
printf("Not implemented\n");
}

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#pragma once
#include <stdint.h>
#include "../io/io.h"
#include "../ide/ideCommands.h"
#include "../ide/sampleIDE.definitions.h"
#include "../../terminal/kterm.h"
/*
* This first driver wil make use of IO ports.
* Doing so means reading or writing from disk is going
* to be very cpu intensive.
*/
enum DEVICE_DRIVE{
MASTER = 0xA0,
SLAVE = 0xB0
};
namespace ATA_DEVICE{
void Identify(uint16_t, DEVICE_DRIVE);
void Read (uint16_t, DEVICE_DRIVE, uint32_t, uint16_t*);
void Write(uint16_t, DEVICE_DRIVE);
void Soft_Reset(uint8_t ,DEVICE_DRIVE );
};

145
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#include "atapiDevice.h"
#define IS_BIT_SET(x, bit) ((x >> bit & 0x1) == 1)
bool isPacketDevice(){
uint8_t LBAmid = inb(0x174);
uint8_t LBAhi = inb(0x175);
printf(" LBAmid: 0x%x, LBAhi: 0x%x");
return LBAmid == 0x14 && LBAhi == 0xEB;
}
void ATAPI_DEVICE::Identify(uint8_t DEVICE_CHANNEL,DEVICE_DRIVE drive ){
// lets ignore which port we actually want to check for now !
/* THE STEPS INVOLVED
1. Select the target drive by sending master (0x0A) or slave (0x0B) to the
drive select IO port
2. Set the Sectorcount, LBAlo, LBAmid and LBAhi IO ports to 0
3. Send the identify command (0xEC) to the command IO port
4. Read the status port
4.2 If the value is 0x0 the drive does not exist
4.3 If it has any other value continue
5. poll the status port until bit 7 is clear.
6. Check if the LBAmid and LBAhi ports are non-zero
6.2. If non-zero stop polling this is not an ATA device
6.3 If zero continue
7. poll status port until bit 3 is set or bit 0 is set
8. if err is clear, read the data from the data port
*/
// Select the target drive
outb(0x176, 0xA0); // on the secondary bus select the master drive
outb(0x170 + 0x206 , 0x0); // write 0 to the controlport for some reason
outb(0x176, 0xA0);
// read the status port
uint8_t status = inb(0x177);
printf("status after drive select: 0x%x\n",status);
if( status == 0x00){
printf("No drive\n");
return;
}
outb(0x176, 0xA0);
// Set the Sectorcount, LBAlo, LBAmid and LBAhi IO ports to 0
outb(0x172, 0);
outb(0x173, 0);
outb(0x174, 0);
outb(0x175, 0);
// send the identify command;
printf("command sent!\n");
outb(0x177, 0xA1);
// read the status port
uint8_t status2 = inb(0x177);
if( status2 == 0x00){
printf("No drive\n");
return;
}
printf("Waiting until ready...\n");
while(((status2 & 0x80 == 0x80)
&& (status2 & 0x01) != 0x01)
) status2 = inb(0x177);
if(status2 & 0x01){
printf("Error!");
return;
}
// READ DATA
uint16_t deviceIdentify [256] ={0};
for (int i= 0; i < 256; i++){
uint16_t data;
asm volatile ( "in %1, %0"
: "=a"(data)
: "Nd"(0x170) );
deviceIdentify[i] = data ;
}
printf("Model-label (ASCII hex):\n");
for(int i = 27; i < 47; i++){
printf(" %x ",deviceIdentify[i]);
}
printf("\nSerial number (ASCII hex):\n");
for (int i = 10; i < 19; i++){
printf(" %x ", deviceIdentify[i]);
}
printf("\nFirmware revision (ASCII hex):\n");
for (int i = 23; i < 26; i++){
printf(" %x ", deviceIdentify[i]);
}
printf("\nConfiguration: %x\n", deviceIdentify[0]);
printf("\nData received!\n");
}
void ATAPI_DEVICE::Read(uint8_t DEVICE_CHANNEL, DEVICE_DRIVE drive) {
printf("Not implemented");
}
void ATAPI_DEVICE::Write(uint8_t DEVICE_CHANNEL, DEVICE_DRIVE drive) {
printf("Not implemented");
}

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#pragma once
#include <stdint.h>
#include "../io/io.h"
#include "../ide/ideCommands.h"
#include "../ide/sampleIDE.definitions.h"
#include "../../terminal/kterm.h"
/*
* This first driver wil make use of IO ports.
* Doing so means reading or writing from disk is going
* to be very cpu intensive.
*
*/
enum DEVICE_DRIVE{
MASTER = 0xA0,
SLAVE = 0xB0
};
namespace ATAPI_DEVICE
{
bool isPacketDevice();
void Identify ( uint8_t, DEVICE_DRIVE );
void Read ( uint8_t, DEVICE_DRIVE );
void Write ( uint8_t, DEVICE_DRIVE );
};

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void ReadFromCMOS(unsigned char array[])
{
unsigned char tvalue, index;
for (index = 0; index < 128; index++)
{
asm(
"cli\n\t" // Disable interrupts
"mov al, index\n\t" // Move index address
// since the 0x80 bit of al is not set, NMI is active
"out 0x70,al\n\t" // Copy address to CMOS register
// some kind of real delay here is probably best
"in al,0x71\n\t" // Fetch 1 byte to al
"sti\n\t" // Enable interrupts
"mov tvalue,al\n\t");
array[index] = tvalue;
}
}
void WriteTOCMOS(unsigned char array[])
{
unsigned char index;
for(index = 0; index < 128; index++)
{
unsigned char tvalue = array[index];
asm("cli\n\t" // Clear interrupts
"mov al,index\n\t" // move index address
"out 0x70,al\n\t" // copy address to CMOS register
// some kind of real delay here is probably best
"mov al,tvalue\n\t" // move value to al
"out 0x71,al\n\t" // write 1 byte to CMOS
"sti\n\\t" ); // Enable interrupts
}
}

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#pragma once
#include <stdint.h>
#include "../pci/pciDevice.h"
#include "../pci/pci.h"
#include "../../terminal/kterm.h"
#include "ideCommands.h"
#include "sampleIDE.h"
#define IS_BIT_SET(x, bit) ((x >> bit & 0x1) == 1)
IDEChannelRegisters channels[2];
IDE_DEVICE ide_devices[4];
inline void CheckProgIF(uint8_t ProgIF){
if( IS_BIT_SET(ProgIF, 0) ) // Is the 0th bit set
{
printf ("Primary Channel is in PCI native mode\n");
} else{
printf("Primary Channel is in Compatibility mode\n");
}
if( IS_BIT_SET(ProgIF, 1)){
printf("Bit 0 can be modified\n");
}else{
printf("Bit 0 cannot be modified\n");
}
if( IS_BIT_SET(ProgIF, 2)){
printf("Secondary channel is in PCI native mode\n");
}else{
printf("Secondary channel is in Compatibility mode\n");
}
if( IS_BIT_SET(ProgIF, 3)){
printf("Bit 2 can be modified\n");
}else{
printf("Bit 2 cannot be modified\n");
}
if( IS_BIT_SET(ProgIF , 7)){
printf("This is a bus master IDE Controller\n");
} else{
printf("This controller doesn't support DMA!\n");
}
}
inline void TestIDEController(){
// Do stuff
printf("Testing IDE controllers\n");
// NOTE: Testing done with a hard coded known PCI addres
// Of an intel PIIX3 IDE Controller
int bus = 0;
int device =1 , function = 1;
PCIBusAddress IDEControllerPCIAddress = PCIBusAddress{bus,device, function};
uint8_t ProgIF = PCI::GetProgIF(IDEControllerPCIAddress);
printf( "ProgIF: 0x%x\n" ,ProgIF);
//CheckProgIF(ProgIF);
// For this test will just assume all bits are set
// the CheckProgIF can check but on the test machine all bits are set anyways
uint32_t BAR0,BAR1,BAR2,BAR3, BAR4;
BAR0 = PCI::ReadBAR(IDEControllerPCIAddress, 0);
BAR1 = PCI::ReadBAR(IDEControllerPCIAddress, 1);
BAR2 = PCI::ReadBAR(IDEControllerPCIAddress, 2);
BAR3 = PCI::ReadBAR(IDEControllerPCIAddress, 3);
BAR4 = PCI::ReadBAR(IDEControllerPCIAddress, 4);
// All bars are return 0xffffff for some as of yet mysterious reason!
printf( "BAR 0: 0x%x\n", BAR0);
printf( "BAR 1: 0x%x\n", BAR1);
printf( "BAR 2: 0x%x\n", BAR2);
printf( "BAR 3: 0x%x\n", BAR3);
printf( "BAR 4: 0x%x\n", BAR4);
init_IDE(BAR0, BAR1, BAR2, BAR3, BAR4);
// Read Something from disc
unsigned int maxByteCount = 20 ;
void* MDA_buffer = (void*)0xC0000000;
}

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#pragma once
// Commands
#define ATA_CMD_READ_PIO 0x20
#define ATA_CMD_READ_PIO_EXT 0x24
#define ATA_CMD_READ_DMA 0xC8
#define ATA_CMD_READ_DMA_EXT 0x25
#define ATA_CMD_WRITE_PIO 0x30
#define ATA_CMD_WRITE_PIO_EXT 0x34
#define ATA_CMD_WRITE_DMA 0xCA
#define ATA_CMD_WRITE_DMA_EXT 0x35
#define ATA_CMD_CACHE_FLUSH 0xE7
#define ATA_CMD_CACHE_FLUSH_EXT 0xEA
#define ATA_CMD_PACKET 0xA0
#define ATA_CMD_IDENTIFY_PACKET 0xA1
#define ATA_CMD_IDENTIFY 0xEC
#define ATAPI_CMD_READ 0xA8
#define ATAPI_CMD_EJECT 0x1B
#define ATA_IDENT_DEVICETYPE 0
#define ATA_IDENT_CYLINDERS 2
#define ATA_IDENT_HEADS 6
#define ATA_IDENT_SECTORS 12
#define ATA_IDENT_SERIAL 20
#define ATA_IDENT_MODEL 54
#define ATA_IDENT_CAPABILITIES 98
#define ATA_IDENT_FIELDVALID 106
#define ATA_IDENT_MAX_LBA 120
#define ATA_IDENT_COMMANDSETS 164
#define ATA_IDENT_MAX_LBA_EXT 200
#define IDE_ATA 0x00
#define IDE_ATAPI 0x01
#define ATA_MASTER 0x00
#define ATA_SLAVE 0x01
#define ATA_REG_DATA 0x00
#define ATA_REG_ERROR 0x01
#define ATA_REG_FEATURES 0x01
#define ATA_REG_SECCOUNT0 0x02
#define ATA_REG_LBA0 0x03
#define ATA_REG_LBA1 0x04
#define ATA_REG_LBA2 0x05
#define ATA_REG_HDDEVSEL 0x06
#define ATA_REG_COMMAND 0x07
#define ATA_REG_STATUS 0x07
#define ATA_REG_SECCOUNT1 0x08
#define ATA_REG_LBA3 0x09
#define ATA_REG_LBA4 0x0A
#define ATA_REG_LBA5 0x0B
#define ATA_REG_CONTROL 0x0C
#define ATA_REG_ALTSTATUS 0x0C
#define ATA_REG_DEVADDRESS 0x0D
// Channels:
#define ATA_PRIMARY 0x00
#define ATA_SECONDARY 0x01
// Directions:
#define ATA_READ 0x00
#define ATA_WRITE 0x01
// Status
#define ATA_SR_BSY 0x80 // Busy
#define ATA_SR_DRDY 0x40 // Drive ready
#define ATA_SR_DF 0x20 // Drive write fault
#define ATA_SR_DSC 0x10 // Drive seek complete
#define ATA_SR_DRQ 0x08 // Data request ready
#define ATA_SR_CORR 0x04 // Corrected data
#define ATA_SR_IDX 0x02 // Index
#define ATA_SR_ERR 0x01 // Error
// Errors
#define ATA_ER_BBK 0x80 // Bad block
#define ATA_ER_UNC 0x40 // Uncorrectable data
#define ATA_ER_MC 0x20 // Media changed
#define ATA_ER_IDNF 0x10 // ID mark not found
#define ATA_ER_MCR 0x08 // Media change request
#define ATA_ER_ABRT 0x04 // Command aborted
#define ATA_ER_TK0NF 0x02 // Track 0 not found
#define ATA_ER_AMNF 0x01 // No address mark

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#pragma once
struct IDEChannelRegisters{
unsigned short base; // I/O Base.
unsigned short ctrl; // Control Base
unsigned short bmide; // Bus Master IDE
unsigned char nIEN; // IEN (no interrupt)
};
struct IDE_DEVICE {
unsigned char Reserved; // 0 (Empty) or 1 (This device exists).
unsigned char Channel; // 0 (Primary Channel) or 1 (Secondary Channel).
unsigned char Drive; // 0 (Master Drive) or 1 (Slave Drive).
unsigned short Type; // 0 ATA, 1:ATAPI
unsigned short Signature; // Drive Signature
unsigned short Capabilities; // Features.
unsigned int CommandSets; // Command Sets Supported.
unsigned int Size; // Size in Sectors (NOTE: Seems unused nowadays as i've only seen the value be zero
unsigned char Model[41]; // Model in string.
} ;
extern IDEChannelRegisters channels[2];
extern IDE_DEVICE ide_devices[4];
extern unsigned char ide_buf[2048];
extern unsigned char ide_irq_invoked;
extern unsigned char atapi_packet[12];

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#pragma once
#include <stdint.h>
#include "../../terminal/kterm.h"
#include "sampleIDE.definitions.h"
#include "ideCommands.h"
void Detect_IO_Ports(uint32_t BAR0, uint32_t BAR1,uint32_t BAR2, uint32_t BAR3, uint32_t BAR4);
void DetectDevices();
unsigned char ide_buf[2048] = {0};
unsigned char ide_irq_invoked = 0;
unsigned char atapi_packet[12] = {0xA8,0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
void wait(int t){
volatile int i,j;
for(i=0;i<t;i++)
for(j=0;j<25000;j++)
asm("NOP");
}
void ide_write(unsigned char channel, unsigned char reg, unsigned char data){
if (reg > 0x07 && reg < 0x0C)
ide_write(channel, ATA_REG_CONTROL, 0x80 | channels[channel].nIEN);
if (reg < 0x08)
outb(channels[channel].base + reg - 0x00, data);
else if (reg < 0x0C)
outb(channels[channel].base + reg - 0x06, data);
else if (reg < 0x0E)
outb(channels[channel].ctrl + reg - 0x0A, data);
else if (reg < 0x16)
outb(channels[channel].bmide + reg - 0x0E, data);
if (reg > 0x07 && reg < 0x0C)
ide_write(channel, ATA_REG_CONTROL, channels[channel].nIEN);
}
unsigned char ide_read(unsigned char channel, unsigned char reg){
unsigned char result;
if( reg > 0x07 && reg < 0x0C)
ide_write(channel,ATA_REG_CONTROL, 0x80 | channels[channel].nIEN);
if( reg < 0x08)
result = inb(channels[channel].base + reg - 0x00);
else if (reg < 0x0C)
result = inb(channels[channel].base + reg - 0x06);
else if (reg < 0x0E)
result = inb(channels[channel].ctrl + reg - 0x0A);
else if (reg < 0x16)
result = inb(channels[channel].bmide + reg - 0x0E);
if (reg > 0x07 && reg < 0x0C)
ide_write(channel, ATA_REG_CONTROL, channels[channel].nIEN);
return result;
}
void ide_read_buffer(unsigned char channel, unsigned char reg, unsigned int buffer, unsigned int quads){
if (reg > 0x07 && reg < 0x0C)
ide_write(channel, ATA_REG_CONTROL, 0x80 | channels[channel].nIEN);
if (reg < 0x08)
insl(channels[channel].base + reg - 0x00, (void *)buffer, quads);
else if (reg < 0x0C)
insl(channels[channel].base + reg - 0x06, (void *)buffer, quads);
else if (reg < 0x0E)
insl(channels[channel].ctrl + reg - 0x0A, (void *)buffer, quads);
else if (reg < 0x16)
insl(channels[channel].bmide + reg - 0x0E, (void *)buffer, quads);
if (reg > 0x07 && reg < 0x0C)
ide_write(channel, ATA_REG_CONTROL, channels[channel].nIEN);
}
unsigned char ide_polling(unsigned char channel, unsigned int advanced_check) {
// (I) Delay 400 nanosecond for BSY to be set:
// -------------------------------------------------
for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
ide_read(channel, ATA_REG_ALTSTATUS); // Reading the Alternate Status port wastes 100ns; loop four times.
// (II) Wait for BSY to be cleared:
// -------------------------------------------------
while (ide_read(channel, ATA_REG_STATUS) & ATA_SR_BSY)
; // Wait for BSY to be zero.
if (advanced_check) {
unsigned char state = ide_read(channel, ATA_REG_STATUS); // Read Status Register.
// (III) Check For Errors:
// -------------------------------------------------
if (state & ATA_SR_ERR)
return 2; // Error.
// (IV) Check If Device fault:
// -------------------------------------------------
if (state & ATA_SR_DF)
return 1; // Device Fault.
// (V) Check DRQ:
// -------------------------------------------------
// BSY = 0; DF = 0; ERR = 0 so we should check for DRQ now.
if ((state & ATA_SR_DRQ) == 0)
return 3; // DRQ should be set
}
return 0; // No Error.
}
unsigned char ide_print_error(unsigned int drive, unsigned char err) {
if (err == 0)
return err;
printf("IDE:");
if (err == 1) {printf("- Device Fault\n "); err = 19;}
else if (err == 2) {
unsigned char st = ide_read(ide_devices[drive].Channel, ATA_REG_ERROR);
if (st & ATA_ER_AMNF) {printf("- No Address Mark Found\n "); err = 7;}
if (st & ATA_ER_TK0NF) {printf("- No Media or Media Error\n "); err = 3;}
if (st & ATA_ER_ABRT) {printf("- Command Aborted\n "); err = 20;}
if (st & ATA_ER_MCR) {printf("- No Media or Media Error\n "); err = 3;}
if (st & ATA_ER_IDNF) {printf("- ID mark not Found\n "); err = 21;}
if (st & ATA_ER_MC) {printf("- No Media or Media Error\n "); err = 3;}
if (st & ATA_ER_UNC) {printf("- Uncorrectable Data Error\n "); err = 22;}
if (st & ATA_ER_BBK) {printf("- Bad Sectors\n "); err = 13;}
} else if (err == 3) {printf("- Reads Nothing\n "); err = 23;}
else if (err == 4) {printf("- Write Protected\n "); err = 8;}
printf("- [%s %s] %s\n",
(const char *[]){"Primary", "Secondary"}[ide_devices[drive].Channel], // Use the channel as an index into the array
(const char *[]){"Master", "Slave"}[ide_devices[drive].Drive], // Same as above, using the drive
ide_devices[drive].Model);
return err;
}
inline void init_IDE( uint32_t BAR0, uint32_t BAR1,uint32_t BAR2, uint32_t BAR3, uint32_t BAR4)
{
Detect_IO_Ports( BAR0, BAR1, BAR2, BAR3, BAR4);
printf("ATA Primary port, base: 0x%x, ctrl: 0x%x\n", channels[ATA_PRIMARY].base , channels[ATA_PRIMARY].ctrl);
printf("ATA Secondary port, base: 0x%x, ctrl: 0x%x\n", channels[ATA_SECONDARY].base , channels[ATA_SECONDARY].ctrl);
// 2- Disable IRQs:
ide_write(ATA_PRIMARY , ATA_REG_CONTROL, 2);
ide_write(ATA_SECONDARY, ATA_REG_CONTROL, 2);
DetectDevices();
return;
// 4- Print Summary:
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
if (ide_devices[i].Reserved == 1) {
printf(" Found %s Drive %d bytes - %x\n",
(const char *[]){"ATA", "ATAPI"}[ide_devices[i].Type], /* Type */
ide_devices[i].Size / 2, /* Size */
ide_devices[i].Model);
}
}
// 3- Detect ATA-ATAPI Devices:
inline void DetectDevices(){
int i, j, k, count = 0;
for (i = 0; i < 2; i++)
for (j = 0; j < 2; j++) {
unsigned char err = 0, type = IDE_ATA, status;
ide_devices[count].Reserved = 0; // Assuming that no drive here.
// (I) Select Drive:
ide_write(i, ATA_REG_HDDEVSEL, 0xA0 | (j << 4)); // Select Drive.
wait(1000); // Wait 1ms for drive select to work.
// (II) Send ATA Identify Command:
ide_write(i, ATA_REG_COMMAND, ATA_CMD_IDENTIFY);
wait(1000);
// (III) Polling:
if (ide_read(i, ATA_REG_STATUS) == 0) continue; // If Status = 0, No Device.
while(1) {
status = ide_read(i, ATA_REG_STATUS);
if ((status & ATA_SR_ERR)) {err = 1; break;} // If Err, Device is not ATA.
if (!(status & ATA_SR_BSY) && (status & ATA_SR_DRQ)) break; // Everything is right.
}
// (IV) Probe for ATAPI Devices:
if (err != 0) {
unsigned char cl = ide_read(i, ATA_REG_LBA1);
unsigned char ch = ide_read(i, ATA_REG_LBA2);
if (cl == 0x14 && ch ==0xEB)
type = IDE_ATAPI;
else if (cl == 0x69 && ch == 0x96)
type = IDE_ATAPI;
else
continue; // Unknown Type (may not be a device).
ide_write(i, ATA_REG_COMMAND, ATA_CMD_IDENTIFY_PACKET);
wait(1000);
}
// (V) Read Identification Space of the Device:
ide_read_buffer(i, ATA_REG_DATA, (unsigned int) ide_buf, 128);
// (VI) Read Device Parameters:
ide_devices[count].Reserved = 1;
ide_devices[count].Type = type;
ide_devices[count].Channel = i;
ide_devices[count].Drive = j;
ide_devices[count].Signature = *((unsigned short *)(ide_buf + ATA_IDENT_DEVICETYPE));
ide_devices[count].Capabilities = *((unsigned short *)(ide_buf + ATA_IDENT_CAPABILITIES));
ide_devices[count].CommandSets = *((unsigned int *)(ide_buf + ATA_IDENT_COMMANDSETS));
// (VII) Get Size:
if (ide_devices[count].CommandSets & (1 << 26))
// Device uses 48-Bit Addressing:
ide_devices[count].Size = *((unsigned int *)(ide_buf + ATA_IDENT_MAX_LBA_EXT));
else
// Device uses CHS or 28-bit Addressing:
ide_devices[count].Size = *((unsigned int *)(ide_buf + ATA_IDENT_MAX_LBA));
// (VIII) String indicates model of device (like Western Digital HDD and SONY DVD-RW...):
for(k = 0; k < 40; k += 2) {
ide_devices[count].Model[k] = ide_buf[ATA_IDENT_MODEL + k + 1];
ide_devices[count].Model[k + 1] = ide_buf[ATA_IDENT_MODEL + k];}
ide_devices[count].Model[40] = 0; // Terminate String.
count++;
}
}
inline void Detect_IO_Ports(uint32_t BAR0, uint32_t BAR1,uint32_t BAR2, uint32_t BAR3, uint32_t BAR4){
// 1 Detect I/O Ports which interface an IDE Controller
// Based on the implementation within serenity
channels[ATA_PRIMARY].base = (BAR0 == 0x1 || BAR0 == 0x0) ? 0x1F0 : BAR0 & (~1);
channels[ATA_PRIMARY ].ctrl = (BAR1 == 0x1 || BAR1 == 0x0) ? 0x3F6 : BAR1 & (~1);
channels[ATA_SECONDARY].base = (BAR2 == 0x1 || BAR2 == 0x0) ? 0x170 : BAR2 & (~1);
channels[ATA_SECONDARY].ctrl = (BAR3 == 0x1 || BAR3 == 0x0) ? 0x376 : BAR3 & (~1);
channels[ATA_PRIMARY ].bmide = (BAR4 & (~1)) + 0; // Bus Master IDE
channels[ATA_SECONDARY].bmide = (BAR4 & (~1)) + 8; // Bus Master IDE
}

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#include "io.h"
unsigned char inb_p(unsigned short ){
// TODO: implement me!
return 0;
}
unsigned short inw(unsigned short ){
// TODO: implement me!
return 0;
}
unsigned short inw_p(unsigned short ){
// TODO: implement me!
return 0;
}
uint32_t inl( int port ){
unsigned int data;
asm volatile ("inl %w1, %0": "=a" (data): "d" (port));
return data;
}
unsigned int inl_p(unsigned short ){
// TODO: implement me!
return 0;
}
void b_p(unsigned char , unsigned short ){
}
void outw(unsigned short , unsigned short ){
}
void outw_p(unsigned short , unsigned short ){
}
void outl( int port , uint32_t data ){
asm volatile ("outl %0, %1" :: "a" (data), "dn"(port));
}
void outl_p(unsigned int , unsigned short ){
}
void insb(unsigned short , void *,
unsigned long ){
}
void insw(unsigned short , void *,
unsigned long ){
}
void insl(unsigned short , void *,
unsigned long ){
}
void outsb(unsigned short , const void *,
unsigned long ){
}
void outsw(unsigned short , const void *,
unsigned long ){
}
void outsl(unsigned short , const void *,
unsigned long ){
}
void io_wait(void)
{
/* TODO: This is probably fragile. */
asm volatile ( "jmp 1f\n\t"
"1:jmp 2f\n\t"
"2:" );
}

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#pragma once
#include <stdint.h>
static inline uint8_t inb(uint16_t port)
{
uint8_t ret;
asm volatile ( "inb %1, %0"
: "=a"(ret)
: "Nd"(port) );
return ret;
}
unsigned char inb_p(unsigned short port);
unsigned short inw(unsigned short port);
unsigned short inw_p(unsigned short port);
uint32_t inl( int port );
unsigned int inl_p(unsigned short port);
static inline void outb(uint16_t port, uint8_t val)
{
asm volatile ( "outb %0, %1" : : "a"(val), "Nd"(port) );
}
void outb_p(unsigned char value, unsigned short port);
void outw(unsigned short value, unsigned short port);
void outw_p(unsigned short value, unsigned short port);
void outl( int port , uint32_t data );
void outl_p(unsigned int value, unsigned short port);
void insb(unsigned short port, void *addr,
unsigned long count);
void insw(unsigned short port, void *addr,
unsigned long count);
void insl(unsigned short port, void *addr,
unsigned long count);
void outsb(unsigned short port, const void *addr,
unsigned long count);
void outsw(unsigned short port, const void *addr,
unsigned long count);
void outsl(unsigned short port, const void *addr,
unsigned long count);
void io_wait();

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#include "pci.h"
void PCI::Scan(){
int devicesFound = 0;
printf("Start finding devices, Found: %d devices");
// loop through all possible busses, devices and their functions;
for( int bus = 0 ; bus < 256 ; bus++)
{
for(int device = 0; device < 32 ; device ++)
{
int function = 0;
uint64_t DeviceIdentify = PCI::ConfigReadWord(bus, device, function,0x0);
uint32_t DeviceID = GetDevice(bus, device, function) >> 16;
if( DeviceID != 0xFFFF){
PCIBusAddress busAddress =
PCIBusAddress{bus, device, function };
PrintPCIDevice(busAddress);
// iterate over the functions if it is a multi function device!
if( PCI::IsMultiFunctionDevice(busAddress) ){
printf("Multi function device! \n");
printf("Check remaining Functions\n");
for ( function = 1 ; function < 8; function++)
{
uint32_t DeviceID = GetDevice(bus, device, function) >> 16;
if( DeviceID != 0xFFFF){
PCIBusAddress busAddress2 = PCIBusAddress{bus, device, function};
PrintPCIDevice(busAddress2);
devicesFound++;
}
}
}
devicesFound++;
}
}
}
printf("Found %d PCI devices!\n", devicesFound);
}
const char* PCI::getClassName (uint8_t ClassCode){
bool isKnown = (ClassCode < PCI::KnownClassCodes);
return isKnown ? PCI::ClassCodeNames[ClassCode].name : "Unknown ClassCode";
}
const char* PCI::getVendor( uint32_t VendorID){
switch (VendorID)
{
case 0x8086:
return "Intel Corporation";
break;
case 0x10DE:
return "NVIDIA Corporation";
break;
case 0x1022:
return "Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.[AMD]";
break;
case 0x1002:
return "Advanced Micor Devices, Inc.[AMD/ATI]";
break;
case 0xbeef:
return "VirtualBox Graphics Adapter";
break;
case 0xcafe:
return "VirtualBox Guest Service";
break;
default:
return "Vendor Unkown";
break;
}
}
uint64_t PCI::GetDevice (int bus, int device, int function ){
return PCI::ConfigReadWord(bus, device, function,0x0);
}
bool PCI::IsMultiFunctionDevice(PCIBusAddress& PCIDeviceAddress)
{
uint32_t header_information = ConfigReadWord(PCIDeviceAddress, 0xC);
return (((header_information>>16)
& 0x80)
>> 7 );
}
uint16_t PCI::GetClassCodes( PCIBusAddress& PCIDeviceAddress ){
return (uint16_t)(ConfigReadWord(PCIDeviceAddress, 0x8) >> 16);
}
uint8_t PCI::GetHeaderType( PCIBusAddress& PCIDeviceAddress ){
uint32_t header_information = ConfigReadWord(PCIDeviceAddress , 0xC);
return (uint8_t) (
((header_information >> 16) //Get higher half
& 0x00FF) // Select the last two bytes
& 0x7F ); // Mask bit 7 as it indicates if the device is a mulit function device!
}
uint32_t PCI::ConfigReadWord (uint8_t bus, uint8_t device, uint8_t func, uint8_t offset){
uint32_t address;
address = (uint32_t) (
((uint32_t) 1 << PCI_ENABLE_ADDR_SHIFT) |
((uint32_t)bus << PCI_BUS_ADDR_SHIFT) |
((uint32_t)device << PCI_DEVICE_ADDR_SHIFT) |
((uint32_t)func << PCI_FUNCTION_ADDR_SHIFT) |
offset );
outl(CONFIG_ADDRESS, address);
return inl(CONFIG_DATA);
}
uint8_t PCI::GetProgIF (PCIBusAddress& PCIDeviceAddress){
uint32_t data = ConfigReadWord(PCIDeviceAddress, 0x8);
return ((data >> 8) & 0xFF);
}
uint32_t PCI::ConfigReadWord ( PCIBusAddress& PCIDeviceAddress , uint8_t offset){
outl(CONFIG_ADDRESS , PCIDeviceAddress.getAddress() | offset );
return inl(CONFIG_DATA);
}
uint32_t PCI::ReadBAR ( PCIBusAddress& PCIDeviceAddress, int bar_number){
int offsetToBar = 0x10 + (bar_number* 0x4);
return ConfigReadWord(PCIDeviceAddress, offsetToBar);
}
void PCI::PrintPCIDevice (PCIBusAddress& PCIDeviceAddress)
{
uint32_t DeviceID = (PCI::GetDevice(PCIDeviceAddress.bus, PCIDeviceAddress.device, PCIDeviceAddress.function) >> 16);
uint32_t VendorID = PCI::GetDevice(PCIDeviceAddress.bus, PCIDeviceAddress.device, PCIDeviceAddress.function) & 0xFFFF;
printf("Device found!\n");
printf("Bus: %d, Device: %d, function: %d \n", PCIDeviceAddress.bus, PCIDeviceAddress.device, PCIDeviceAddress.function);
printf("DeviceID: 0x%x, Vendor: %s\n",
DeviceID
, PCI::getVendor(VendorID) );
uint8_t header_type = PCI::GetHeaderType(PCIDeviceAddress);
printf( "Header type: 0x%x\n", header_type);
uint16_t deviceClasses = PCI::GetClassCodes(PCIDeviceAddress);
printf("class: %s, subClass: %d\n\n", PCI::getClassName((deviceClasses >> 8)), deviceClasses & 0xFF);
}

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#pragma once
#include <stdint.h>
#include "../io/io.h"
#include "../../terminal/kterm.h"
#include "pciDevice.h"
// Configuration Space Access Mechanism #1
#define CONFIG_ADDRESS 0xCF8 // Configuration adress that is to be accessed
#define CONFIG_DATA 0xCFC // Will do the actual configuration operation
#define PCI_BUS_ADDR_SHIFT 16
#define PCI_DEVICE_ADDR_SHIFT 11
#define PCI_FUNCTION_ADDR_SHIFT 8
#define PCI_ENABLE_ADDR_SHIFT 31
class PCI {
public:
static void Scan();
static uint32_t ConfigReadWord ( PCIBusAddress& PCIDeviceAddress , uint8_t offset);
static uint8_t GetProgIF (PCIBusAddress& PCIDeviceAddress);
static uint32_t ReadBAR ( PCIBusAddress& PCIDeviceAddress, int bar_number);
static uint32_t ConfigReadWord (uint8_t bus, uint8_t device, uint8_t func, uint8_t offset);
static uint8_t GetHeaderType( PCIBusAddress& PCIDeviceAddress );
static uint16_t GetClassCodes( PCIBusAddress& PCIDeviceAddress );
static bool IsMultiFunctionDevice(PCIBusAddress& PCIDeviceAddress);
static uint64_t GetDevice (int bus, int device, int function );
static const char* getClassName (uint8_t ClassCode);
static const char* getVendor( uint32_t VendorID);
static void PrintPCIDevice(PCIBusAddress& PCIDevice);
private:
struct ClassCode {
const char* name;
uint8_t code;
};
static constexpr ClassCode ClassCodeNames []= {
{"Unclassified", 0x0},
{"MassStorage Controller", 0x1},
{"Network Controller", 0x2},
{"Display Controller", 0x3},
{"Multimedia Controller", 0x4},
{"Memory Controller", 0x5},
{"Bridge", 0x6},
{"Simple Communication Controller", 0x7},
{"Base System Peripheral", 0x8},
{"Input Device Controller", 0x9},
{"Docking Station", 0xA},
{"Processor", 0xB},
{"Serial Bus Controller", 0xC},
{ "Wireless Controller", 0xD},
{"Intelligent Controller", 0xE},
{"Satellite Communication Controller", 0xF},
{"Encryption Controller", 0x10},
{"Signal Processing Controller", 0x11},
{ "Processing Accelerator", 0x12},
{ "Non-Essential Instrumentation", 0x13}
};
static const uint8_t KnownClassCodes = sizeof(ClassCodeNames) / sizeof(ClassCode);
};

7
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#include "pciDevice.h"
// NOTE: we would really like to return a pointer
// to the newly created PCIBusAddress struct;
PCIBusAddress const PCIDevice::PCIAddress(){
return PCIBusAddress{bus ,device, function};
}

54
kernel/drivers/pci/pciDevice.h Normal file
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#pragma once
#include <stdint.h>
/*
* PCI devices API
*/
struct PCIBusAddress{
int bus ;
int device ;
int function;
uint32_t getAddress( ){
return ((uint32_t) 1 << 31) |
((uint32_t) bus << 16) |
((uint32_t) device << 11)|
((uint32_t) function << 8) |
0x0000;
};
};
class PCIDevice {
public :
PCIDevice (PCIBusAddress* , int );
~PCIDevice();
PCIBusAddress const PCIAddress();
inline const char* getDeviceString(){
return "Not implemented"; //GetClassCodeName(deviceclass);
}
inline const char* getVendorString(){
return "Not implemented"; // getVendor(VendorID);
}
inline void setVendorID (uint16_t id) {
this->VendorID = id;
}
private:
int bus;
int device;
int function;
uint16_t VendorID;
uint16_t DeviceID;
uint8_t deviceclass;
uint8_t devicesubclass;
int headerType;
};

62
kernel/drivers/pic/pic.cpp Normal file
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#include "pic.h"
extern "C" void PIC_sendEOI (unsigned char irq){
if(irq >= 8)
outb(PIC2_COMMAND, PIC_EOI);
outb(PIC1_COMMAND, PIC_EOI);
}
/* Helper func */
static uint16_t __pic_get_irq_reg(int ocw3)
{
/* OCW3 to PIC CMD to get the register values. PIC2 is chained, and
* represents IRQs 8-15. PIC1 is IRQs 0-7, with 2 being the chain */
outb(PIC1_COMMAND, ocw3);
outb(PIC2_COMMAND, ocw3);
return (inb(PIC2_COMMAND) << 8) | inb(PIC1_COMMAND);
}
/* Returns the combined value of the cascaded PICs irq request register */
uint16_t pic_get_irr(void)
{
return __pic_get_irq_reg(PIC_READ_IRR);
}
/* Returns the combined value of the cascaded PICs in-service register */
uint16_t pic_get_isr(void)
{
return __pic_get_irq_reg(PIC_READ_ISR);
}
void PIC_remap (int offset1, int offset2 ){
unsigned char a1, a2;
a1 = inb(PIC1_DATA);
a2 = inb(PIC2_DATA);
// Start initialization
outb(PIC1_COMMAND, ICW1_INIT | ICW1_ICW4);
io_wait();
outb(PIC2_COMMAND, ICW1_INIT | ICW1_ICW4);
io_wait();
outb(PIC1_DATA, offset1);
io_wait();
outb(PIC2_DATA, offset2);
io_wait();
outb(PIC1_DATA, 4);
io_wait();
outb(PIC2_DATA, 2);
io_wait();
outb(PIC1_DATA, ICW4_8086);
io_wait();
outb(PIC2_DATA, ICW4_8086);
io_wait();
outb(PIC1_DATA, a1);
outb(PIC2_DATA, a2);
}

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#pragma once
#include "../io/io.h"
#define PIC1 0x20 /* IO base address for master PIC */
#define PIC2 0xA0 /* IO base address for slave PIC */
#define PIC1_COMMAND PIC1
#define PIC1_DATA (PIC1+1)
#define PIC2_COMMAND PIC2
#define PIC2_DATA (PIC2+1)
#define ICW1_ICW4 0x01 /* ICW4 (not) needed */
#define ICW1_SINGLE 0x02 /* Single (cascade) mode */
#define ICW1_INTERVAL4 0x04 /* Call address interval 4 (8) */
#define ICW1_LEVEL 0x08 /* Level triggered (edge) mode */
#define ICW1_INIT 0x10 /* Initialization - required! */
#define ICW4_8086 0x01 /* 8086/88 (MCS-80/85) mode */
#define ICW4_AUTO 0x02 /* Auto (normal) EOI */
#define ICW4_BUF_SLAVE 0x08 /* Buffered mode/slave */
#define ICW4_BUF_MASTER 0x0C /* Buffered mode/master */
#define ICW4_SFNM 0x10 /* Special fully nested (not) */
#define PIC_EOI 0x20
#define PIC_READ_IRR 0x0a /* OCW3 irq ready next CMD read */
#define PIC_READ_ISR 0x0b /* OCW3 irq service next CMD read */
extern "C"{
extern void irq0 ();
extern void irq1 ();
extern void irq2 ();
extern void irq3 ();
extern void irq4 ();
extern void irq5 ();
extern void irq6 ();
extern void irq7 ();
extern void irq8 ();
extern void irq9 ();
extern void irq10 ();
extern void irq11 ();
extern void irq12 ();
extern void irq13 ();
extern void irq14 ();
extern void irq15 ();
void PIC_sendEOI (unsigned char irq);
}
//static uint16_t __pic_get_irq_reg(int ocw3);
uint16_t pic_get_irr(void);
uint16_t pic_get_isr(void);
void PIC_remap (int offset1, int offset2 );

54
kernel/drivers/pit/pit.cpp Normal file
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#include "pit.h"
#include "../../terminal/kterm.h"
uint32_t pit_tick = 0;
void pit_initialise()
{
asm volatile("CLI");
#ifdef __VERBOSE__
printf("Init PIT!\n");
#endif
// clear mask for IRQ 0
uint8_t value = inb(0x21) & ~(1<< 0);
outb(0x21, value);
io_wait();
const int freq = 500;
uint32_t divisor = 1193180 / freq;
outb(PIT_COMMAND, 0x36);
uint8_t l = (uint8_t) (divisor & 0xFF);
uint8_t h = (uint8_t) ( (divisor>>8) & 0xff);
outb(PIT_DATA_0, l);
outb(PIT_DATA_0,h);
asm volatile("STI");
}
void get_pit_count()
{
asm volatile ("CLI");
outb(PIT_COMMAND, 0);
uint16_t count = inb(PIT_DATA_0);
count |= inb(PIT_DATA_0) << 8;
printf("PIT count: 0x%x\n", count);
asm volatile("STI");
}
void set_pit_count()
{
}

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#pragma once
#include <stdint.h>
#include "../io/io.h"
#define PIT_DATA_0 0x40
#define PIT_DATA_1 0x41
#define PIT_DATA_2 0x42
#define PIT_COMMAND 0x43
extern uint32_t pit_tick;
void pit_initialise();
void get_pit_count();
void set_pit_count();

51
kernel/drivers/ps-2/keyboard.cpp Normal file
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#include "keyboard.h"
KeyPressInfo keyPress {};
void KeyHandled(){
keyPress.ScanCode= 0x00;
keyPress.PressedModifiers = 0x00;
}
char getASCIIKey(){
char keyPressed;
// Wait until a key is pressed
while(keyPress.ScanCode == 0x00) {
asm volatile ("NOP");
}
// Translate keycode to ascii
// Probably a lookup table might be handy
// Until 0x37
const char* ASCIILookUp =
"\01234567890-=\0\0QWERTYUIOP[]\0\0ASDFGHJKL;\'`\0\\ZXCVBNM,./\0";
uint8_t ASCII_Index = keyPress.ScanCode - 3 ;
//printf("ASCII_INDEX: %x\n", ASCII_Index);
keyPressed = ASCIILookUp[ASCII_Index];
KeyHandled();
return keyPressed;
}
uint8_t getKey(){
// Wait until a key is pressed
while(keyPress.ScanCode == 0x00){
asm volatile ("NOP");
}
if( keyPress.ScanCode > 0x37){
keyPress.ScanCode = 0x00;
return 0;
}
uint8_t ScanCode = keyPress.ScanCode;
// KeyHandled();
return ScanCode ;
}

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#pragma once
#include <stdint.h>
#include "../../terminal/kterm.h"
enum ScanCodeSet {
None = 0,
ScanCodeSet1 = 1,
ScanCodeSet2 = 2,
ScanCodeSet3 = 3,
};
enum Modifiers {
LSHIFT = 1,
RSHIFT = 2,
LCTRL = 3,
RCTRL = 4,
LALT = 5,
RALT = 6
};
struct KeyPressInfo{
uint8_t PressedModifiers;
uint8_t ScanCode;
};
extern KeyPressInfo keyPress;
void KeyHandled();
char getASCIIKey();
uint8_t getKey();

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kernel/drivers/ps-2/scancodes/set1.h Normal file
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#pragma once
// ScanCode set 1
int ScanCodeToKeyCode [0xD8];
/* key pressed scancode */
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x01] = 4017; // escape pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x02] = 4018; // 1 pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x03] = 4019; // 2 pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x04] = 4020; // 3 pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x05] ="" // 4 pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x06] ="" // 5 pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x07] ="" // 6 pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x08] ="" // 7 pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x09] ="" // 8 pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x0A] ="" // 9 pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x0B] ="" // 0 (zero) pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x0C] ="" // - pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x0D] ="" // = pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x0E] ="" // backspace pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x0F] ="" // tab pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x10] ="" // Q pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x11] ="" // W pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x12] ="" // E pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x13] ="" // R pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x14] ="" // T pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x15] ="" // Y pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x16] ="" // U pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x17] ="" // I pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x18] ="" // O pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x19] ="" // P pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x1A] ="" // [ pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x1B] ="" // ] pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x1C] ="" // enter pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x1D] ="" // left control pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x1E] ="" // A pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x1F] ="" // S pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x20] ="" // D pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x21] ="" // F pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x22] ="" // G pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x23] ="" // H pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x24] ="" // J pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x25] ="" // K pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x26] ="" // L pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x27] ="" // ; pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x28] ="" // ' (single quote) pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x29] ="" // ` (back tick) pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x2A] ="" // left shift pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x2B] ="" // \ pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x2C] ="" // Z pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x2D] ="" // X pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x2E] ="" // C pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x2F] ="" // V pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x30] ="" // B pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x31] ="" // N pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x32] ="" // M pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x33] ="" // , pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x34] ="" // . pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x35] ="" // / pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x36] ="" // right shift pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x37] ="" // (keypad) * pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x38] ="" // left alt pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x39] ="" // space pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x3A] ="" // CapsLock pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x3B] ="" // F1 pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x3C] ="" // F2 pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x3D] ="" // F3 pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x3E] ="" // F4 pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x3F] ="" // F5 pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x40] ="" // F6 pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x41] ="" // F7 pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x42] ="" // F8 pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x43] ="" // F9 pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x44] ="" // F10 pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x45] ="" // NumberLock pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x46] ="" // ScrollLock pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x47] ="" // (keypad) 7 pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x48] ="" // (keypad) 8 pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x49] ="" // (keypad) 9 pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x4A] ="" // (keypad) - pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x4B] ="" // (keypad) 4 pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x4C] ="" // (keypad) 5 pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x4D] ="" // (keypad) 6 pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x4E] ="" // (keypad) + pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x4F] ="" // (keypad) 1 pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x50] ="" // (keypad) 2 pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x51] ="" // (keypad) 3 pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x52] ="" // (keypad) 0 pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x53] ="" // (keypad) . pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x57] ="" // F11 pressed
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x58] ="" // F12 pressed
/* key released scanCode.""*/
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x81] ="" // escape released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x82] ="" // 1 released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x83] ="" // 2 released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x84] ="" // 3 released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x85] ="" // 4 released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x86] ="" // 5 released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x87] ="" // 6 released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x88] ="" // 7 released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x89] ="" // 8 released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x8A] ="" // 9 released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x8B] ="" // 0 (zero) released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x8C] ="" // - released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x8D] ="" // = released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x8E] ="" // backspace released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x8F] ="" // tab released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x90] ="" // Q released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x91] ="" // W released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x92] ="" // E released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x93] ="" // R released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x94] ="" // T released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x95] ="" // Y released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x96] ="" // U released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x97] ="" // I released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x98] ="" // O released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x99] ="" // P released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x9A] ="" // [ released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x9B] ="" // ] released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x9C] ="" // enter released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x9D] ="" // left control released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x9E] ="" // A released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0x9F] ="" // S released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0xA0] ="" // D released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0xA1] ="" // F released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0xA2] ="" // G released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0xA3] ="" // H released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0xA4] ="" // J released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0xA5] ="" // K released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0xA6] ="" // L released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0xA7] ="" // ; released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0xA8] ="" // ' (single quote) released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0xA9] ="" // ` (back tick) released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0xAA] ="" // left shift released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0xAB] ="" // \ released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0xAC] ="" // Z released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0xAD] ="" // X released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0xAE] ="" // C released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0xAF] ="" // V released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0xB0] ="" // B released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0xB1] ="" // N released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0xB2] ="" // M released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0xB3] ="" // , released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0xB4] ="" // . released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0xB5] ="" // / released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0xB6] ="" // right shift released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0xB7] ="" // (keypad) * released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0xB8] ="" // left alt released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0xB9] ="" // space released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0xBA] ="" // CapsLock released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0xBB] ="" // F1 released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0xBC] ="" // F2 released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0xBD] ="" // F3 released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0xBE] ="" // F4 released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0xBF] ="" // F5 released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0xC0] ="" // F6 released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0xC1] ="" // F7 released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0xC2] ="" // F8 released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0xC3] ="" // F9 released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0xC4] ="" // F10 released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0xC5] ="" // NumberLock released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0xC6] ="" // ScrollLock released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0xC7] ="" // (keypad) 7 released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0xC8] ="" // (keypad) 8 released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0xC9] ="" // (keypad) 9 released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0xCA] ="" // (keypad) - released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0xCB] ="" // (keypad) 4 released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0xCC] ="" // (keypad) 5 released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0xCD] ="" // (keypad) 6 released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0xCE] ="" // (keypad) + released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0xCF] ="" // (keypad) 1 released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0xD0] ="" // (keypad) 2 released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0xD1] ="" // (keypad) 3 released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0xD2] ="" // (keypad) 0 released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0xD3] ="" // (keypad) . released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0xD7] ="" // F11 released
ScanCodeToKeyCode[0xD8] ="" // F12 released

19
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#include "serial.h"
Serial Serial::init() {
// No clue what to setup yet!
return Serial();
}
void Serial::print(){
// Do nothing!
}
Serial::Serial(){
// Do nothing!
}
Serial::~Serial(){
// Do nothing!
}

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#pragma once
class Serial {
public:
static Serial init();
void print();
private:
const int COM1 = 0x3F8;
const int COM2 = 0x2F8;
const int COM3 = 0x3E8;
const int COM4 = 0x2E8;
Serial();
~Serial();
};

41
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#define VBE_DISPI_IOPORT_INDEX 0x01CE
#define VBE_DISPI_IOPORT_DATA 0x01CF
/* VBE index values*/
#define VBE_DISPI_INDEX_ID 0x0
#define VBE_DISPI_INDEX_XRES 0x1
#define VBE_DISPI_INDEX_YRES 0x2
#define VBE_DISPI_INDEX_BPP 0x3
#define VBE_DISPI_INDEX_ENABLE 0x4
#define VBE_DISPI_INDEX_BANK 0x5
#define VBE_DISPI_INDEX_VIRT_WIDTH 0x6
#define VBE_DISPI_INDEX_VIRT_HEIGHT 0x7
#define VBE_DISPI_INDEX_X_OFFSET 0x8
#define VBE_DISPI_INDEX_Y_OFFSET 0x9
/* BGA Version */
#define VBE_DISPI_ID5 0xB0C5
#define VBE_DISPI_ID4 0xB0C3
#define VBE_DISPI_ID3 0xB0C2
#define VBE_DISPI_ID2 0xB0C1
#define VBE_DISPI_ID1 0xB0C0
/* BGA BIT DEPTH */
#define VBE_DISPI_BPP_4 0x04
#define VBE_DISPI_BPP_8 0x08
#define VBE_DISPI_BPP_15 0x0F
#define VBE_DISPI_BPP_16 0x10
#define VBE_DISPI_BPP_24 0x18
#define VBE_DISPI_BPP_32 0x20
/*unsigned short BGAReadRegister(unsigned short IndexValue){
// outpw(VBE_DISPI_IOPORT_INDEX, IndexValue);
// return inpw (VBE_DISPI_IOPORT_DATA);
}
int BGAIsAvailable (){
return (BGAReadRegister(VBE_DISPI_INDEX_ID) == VBE_DISPI_ID5);
}*/

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#pragma once
enum vga_color {
VGA_COLOR_BLACK = 0,
VGA_COLOR_BLUE = 1,
VGA_COLOR_GREEN = 2,
VGA_COLOR_CYAN = 3,
VGA_COLOR_RED = 4,
VGA_COLOR_MAGENTA = 5,
VGA_COLOR_BROWN = 6,
VGA_COLOR_LIGHT_GREY = 7,
VGA_COLOR_DARK_GREY = 8,
VGA_COLOR_LIGHT_BLUE = 9,
VGA_COLOR_LIGHT_GREEN = 10,
VGA_COLOR_LIGHT_CYAN = 11,
VGA_COLOR_LIGHT_RED = 12,
VGA_COLOR_LIGHT_MAGENTA = 13,
VGA_COLOR_LIGHT_BROWN = 14,
VGA_COLOR_WHITE = 15,
};

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#pragma once
#include <stdint.h>
struct SuperBlock {
uint32_t NumberOfInodes;
uint32_t NumberOfBlocks;
uint32_t NumberOfReservedBlocks;
uint32_t NumberOfUnallocatedBlocks;
uint32_t NumberOfUnallocatedInodes;
uint32_t BlockNumberOfSuperBlock;
uint32_t BlockSize;// Something about a shift left
uint32_t FragmentSize;
uint32_t NumberOfBlocksInGroup;
uint32_t NumberOfFragmentsInBlockGroup;
uint32_t NumberOfInodesInBlockGroup;
uint32_t LastMountTime; // POSIX
uint32_t LastWrittenTime; // POSIX
uint16_t TimesMountedSinceCheck;
uint16_t TimesMountedUntilCheck;
uint16_t EXT_SIG ; // 0xef53
uint16_t FS_STATE;
uint16_t ON_ERR;
uint16_t VERSION_MINOR;
uint32_t TimeLastCheck; // POSIX
uint32_t CheckInterval; //POSIX
uint32_t OS_ID; // OS the FS was created with
uint32_t VERSION_MAJOR;
uint16_t UIDReservedBlocks;
uint16_t GIDReservedBlocks;
}__attribute__((packed));

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#pragma once
#include <stdint.h>
#include "./ExtendBootRecord.h"
struct BiosParameterBlock {
uint8_t BootLoaderCodeSection [3];
uint8_t OEM_id [8];
uint16_t BytesPerSector ; // I suspect would be 512
uint8_t SectorsPerCluster ;
uint16_t ReservedSectors;
uint8_t NumberOfFileAllocationTables; // Probably equals 2
uint16_t NumberOfDirectoryEntries; // Root directory must contain entire sectors
uint16_t TotalSectorsInLogicalVolume ; // 0 means >65535 sectors in volume , actual count can be found in LargeSectorCount
uint8_t MediaDescriptor ; // Indication the media descriptor type
uint16_t NumberOfSectorsPerFAT;// only in FAT12 / FAT 16
uint16_t NumberOfSectorsPerTrack;
uint16_t NumberOfHeadsOnMedia;
uint32_t NumberOfHiddenSectors;
uint32_t LargeSectorCount;
ExtendedBootRecord_FAT16 ebpb;
}__attribute__((packed));

19
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#pragma once
#include <stdint.h>
struct DirectoryEntry {
uint8_t filename [8];
uint8_t Extension [3];
uint8_t attribute;
uint8_t Reserved;
uint8_t creation;
uint16_t CreationTime;
uint16_t CreationDate;
uint16_t LastAccessDate;
uint16_t ReservedFAT32;
uint16_t LastWriteTime;
uint16_t LastWriteDate;
uint16_t StartingCluster;
uint32_t FilesizeInBytes;
}__attribute__((packed));

32
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#pragma once
#include <stdint.h>
struct ExtendedBootRecord_FAT16{
uint8_t DriveNumber;
uint8_t Reserved;
uint8_t Signature;
const uint32_t VOLUME_ID_SERIAL_NUMBER;
uint8_t volume_label [11];
uint8_t Identifier_string [8];
uint8_t bootCode [448];
uint16_t partitionSignature;
}__attribute__((packed));
struct ExtendedBootRecord_FAT32{
uint32_t SectorsPerFAT;
uint16_t Flags;
const uint16_t FAT_VERSION_NUMBER;
uint32_t rootDirectory_clusterNumber;// Often set to 2;
uint16_t FSInfo_SectorNumber;
uint16_t backup_bpb_sectorNumber;
uint8_t Reserved [12];
uint8_t DriveNumber;
uint8_t Reserved2;
uint8_t Signature; // must be 0x28 or 0x29
uint32_t VOLUME_ID_SERIAL;
uint8_t volume_label[11];
uint8_t SystemIdentifierString [8]; // ALWAYS "FAT32 " but spec says do not trust
uint8_t BootCode [420]; // NICE
uint16_t PartitionSignature; // 0xAA55
}__attribute__((packed));

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GRUB_DEFAULT=0
GRUB_TIMEOUT=-1
GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0
GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_QUITE=true
menuentry "BarinkOS" {
multiboot /boot/myos.bin
}

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# architecture specific implementations
## This will contain I386 Architecture specific implementations

127
kernel/i386/processor.cpp Normal file
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//
// Created by nigel on 17/02/23.
//
#include "processor.h"
uint32_t processor::cap_page;
uint32_t processor::cap_page1;
uint32_t processor::cap_page7 ;
void processor::initialize()
{
asm volatile ("movl $0x80000001, %%eax;"
"CPUID;"
"movl %%edx, %0"
:: "m"(cap_page));
asm volatile ("movl $0x01, %%eax; "
"CPUID;"
"movl %%edx, %0"
:: "m"(cap_page1));
asm volatile ("movl $0x07, %%eax;"
"movl $0x0, %%ecx;"
"CPUID;"
"movl %%edx, %0"
:: "m"(cap_page7));
}
bool processor::hasAMXExtension()
{
return (cap_page7 & AMX_TYPE::AMX_BF16) || (cap_page7 & AMX_TYPE::AMX_TILE) || (cap_page7 & AMX_TYPE::AMX_INT8);
}
/*
* PSE: page-size extensions for 32-bit paging.
* If CPUID.01H:EDX.PSE [bit 3] = 1, CR4.PSE may be set to 1, enabling support for 4-MByte pages with 32-bit paging
*/
bool processor::has32bitPagingSupport() {
// is the PSE bit set
return cap_page1 & (0x1 << 3);
}
/*
* PAE: physical-address extension.
* If CPUID.01H:EDX.PAE [bit 6] = 1, CR4.PAE may be set to 1, enabling PAE paging (this setting is also required
* for 4-level paging and 5-level paging).
*/
bool processor::hasPAEExtension(){
return cap_page1 & (0x1 << 6);
}
/*
* PGE: global-page support.
* If CPUID.01H:EDX.PGE [bit 13] = 1, CR4.PGE may be set to 1, enabling the global-page feature (see Section
* 4.10.2.4).
*/
bool processor::hasPageSupport(){
return cap_page1 & (0x1 << 13);
}
/*
* Page1GB: 1-GByte pages.
* If CPUID.80000001H:EDX.Page1GB [bit 26] = 1, 1-GByte pages may be supported with 4-level paging and 5-
* level paging (see Section 4.5).
*/
bool processor::gigabytePages() {
return cap_page & (0x1 << 26);
}
void processor::enable_protectedMode()
{
// Set the protected bit of control register 0
// this will put the CPU into protected mode
// NOTE: This should really be an assembly procedure
// We cant directly write to control register 0
// therefor we copy the value of control register 0 into eax
// once we are done manipulating the value we write the value in
// eax back to control register 0
asm volatile("mov %cr0, %eax ");
asm volatile("or $1, %eax");
asm volatile("mov %eax, %cr0");
}
uint32_t processor::GetEFLAGS()
{
uint32_t EFLAGS = 0;
asm volatile ("pushfl;" "movl 4(%%esp), %%edx" : "=d"(EFLAGS));
return EFLAGS;
}
uint32_t processor::GetCR0()
{
uint32_t cr0_value;
asm volatile ("movl %%cr0, %%edx" : "=d"(cr0_value));
return cr0_value;
}
uint32_t processor::GetCR2(){
uint32_t cr2_value;
__asm__ volatile("movl %%cr2, %%edx": "=d"(cr2_value));
return cr2_value;
}
uint32_t processor::GetCR3(){
uint32_t cr3_value;
__asm__ volatile("movl %%cr3, %%edx": "=d"(cr3_value));
return cr3_value;
}
uint32_t processor::GetCR4(){
uint32_t cr4_value;
__asm__ volatile("movl %%cr4, %%edx": "=d"(cr4_value));
return cr4_value;
}

36
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//
// Created by nigel on 17/02/23.
//
#pragma once
#include "../terminal/kterm.h"
class processor {
public:
static void initialize();
// Based on information from https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/x86/amx#Detection
enum AMX_TYPE{
AMX_BF16 = (0x1 << 22),
AMX_TILE = (0x1 << 24),
AMX_INT8 = (0x1 << 25)
};
static bool hasAMXExtension();
static bool has32bitPagingSupport();
static bool hasPageSupport();
static bool gigabytePages();
static bool hasPAEExtension();
static void enable_protectedMode();
static uint32_t GetEFLAGS();
static uint32_t GetCR0();
static uint32_t GetCR2();
static uint32_t GetCR3();
static uint32_t GetCR4();
private:
static uint32_t cap_page;
static uint32_t cap_page1;
static uint32_t cap_page7;
};

404
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#include "idt.h"
#include "../drivers/pit/pit.h"
#include "../drivers/ps-2/keyboard.h"
#include "../i386/processor.h"
#include "../memory/VirtualMemoryManager.h"
IDT_entry idt_table[256];
IDT_ptr idt_ptr;
void set_id_entry (uint8_t num , uint32_t base, uint16_t sel, uint8_t flags){
idt_table[num].offset_1 = base & 0xFFFF;
idt_table[num].selector = sel;
idt_table[num].zero = 0;
idt_table[num].type_attr = flags;
idt_table[num].offset_2 = (base >> 16) & 0xFFFF;
};
void irs_handler (registers* regs) {
uint32_t FaultingAddress;
//printf("(IRS) Interrupt number: %d \r", regs.int_no);
switch (regs->int_no)
{
case 0:
// Divide Error #DE
printf("#DE\n");
printf("EIP: 0x%x\n", regs->eip);
printf("EAX: 0x%x\n", regs->eax);
printf("EBP: 0x%x\n", regs->ebp);
break;
case 1:
// Debug Exception #DB
printf("#DB\n");
printf("EIP: 0x%x\n", regs->eip);
printf("EAX: 0x%x\n", regs->eax);
printf("EBP: 0x%x\n", regs->ebp);
break;
case 2:
// NMI Interrupt
printf("#NMI\n");
break;
case 3:
// Breakpoint Exception #BP
printf("#BP\n");
printf("EIP: 0x%x\n", regs->eip);
printf("EAX: 0x%x\n", regs->eax);
printf("EBP: 0x%x\n", regs->ebp);
break;
case 4:
// Overflow Exception #OF
printf("#OF\n");
printf("EIP: 0x%x\n", regs->eip);
printf("EAX: 0x%x\n", regs->eax);
printf("EBP: 0x%x\n", regs->ebp);
break;
case 5:
// BOUND Range Exceeded Exception #BR
printf("#BR\n");
printf("EIP: 0x%x\n", regs->eip);
printf("EAX: 0x%x\n", regs->eax);
printf("EBP: 0x%x\n", regs->ebp);
break;
case 6:
// Invalid OpCode Exception #UD
printf("#UD\n");
printf("EIP: 0x%x\n", regs->eip);
printf("EAX: 0x%x\n", regs->eax);
printf("EBP: 0x%x\n", regs->ebp);
break;
case 7:
// Device Not Available Exception #NM
printf("#NM\n");
printf("EIP: 0x%x\n", regs->eip);
printf("EAX: 0x%x\n", regs->eax);
printf("EBP: 0x%x\n", regs->ebp);
break;
case 8:
// Double Fault Exception #DF
printf("#DF\n");
printf("EIP: 0x%x\n", regs->eip);
printf("EAX: 0x%x\n", regs->eax);
printf("EBP: 0x%x\n", regs->ebp);
while(true);
break;
case 9:
// Coprocessor Segment Overrun
printf("Coprocessor Segment overrun!\n");
break;
case 10:
// Invalid TSS Exception #TS
printf("#TS\n");
printf("EIP: 0x%x\n", regs->eip);
printf("EAX: 0x%x\n", regs->eax);
printf("EBP: 0x%x\n", regs->ebp);
__asm__("cli;" "1: hlt;" "jmp 1b;");
break;
case 11:
// Segment Not Present #NP
printf("#NP\n");
printf("EIP: 0x%x\n", regs->eip);
printf("EAX: 0x%x\n", regs->eax);
printf("EBP: 0x%x\n", regs->ebp);
break;
case 12:
// Stack Fault Exception #SS
printf("#SS\n");
printf("EIP: 0x%x\n", regs->eip);
printf("EAX: 0x%x\n", regs->eax);
printf("EBP: 0x%x\n", regs->ebp);
break;
case 13:{
// General Protection Exception #GP
printf("#GP\n");
printf("Accessing memory caused a general protection exception.\n");
printf("Faulting instruction at addres: 0x%x\n", regs->eip );
printf("Error code: 0x%x\n", regs->err_code);
if (regs->err_code != 0){
printf("Fault due to entry at index: 0x%x (%d)\n", (regs->err_code >> 3 & 0xFFF ) , regs->err_code);
uint8_t table = regs->err_code >> 1 & 0x3 ;
if(table == 0 ){
printf("* Index references GDT\n");
}
if(table == 1 ){
printf("* Index references IDT\n");
}
if(table == 2 ){
printf("* Index references LDT\n");
}
if(table == 3 ){
printf("* Index references IDT\n");
}
if( regs->err_code & 0x1)
{
printf("* Originated externally!\n");
}
}
__asm__("cli;" "1: hlt;" "jmp 1b;");
}
break;
case 14:
// Page Fault Exception #PF
printf("#PF\n");
#define ALIGN(addr, align) (((addr) & ~((align) - 1)) + (align))
FaultingAddress = processor::GetCR2();
printf("Accessing the linear address 0x%x resulted in a page fault!\n\n", FaultingAddress);
// Error code of 32 bits are on the stack
// CR2 register contains the 32-bit linear virtual address that generated the exception
// See Intel Software Developers manual Volume 3A Part 1 page 236 for more info
#define PF_ERR_PRESENT_BIT 0x1
#define PF_ERR_WRITE_BIT 0x2
#define PF_ERR_USER_BIT 0x3
#define PF_ERR_RESERVERD_WRITE_BIT 0x4
#define PF_ERR_INSTRUCTION_FETCH_BIT 0x5
#define PF_ERR_PROTECTION_KEY_BIT 0x6
#define PF_ERR_SHADOW_STACK_BIT 0x7
#define PF_ERR_SOFTWARE_GUARD_EXTENSION_BIT 0xE
printf("REASON: \n\n");
if (regs->err_code & PF_ERR_PRESENT_BIT ){
printf("* Page protection violation!\n");
} else{
printf("* Page not-present!\n");
Immediate_Map(FaultingAddress, FaultingAddress - 0xC0000000);
}
if(regs->err_code & PF_ERR_WRITE_BIT){
printf("* Write access violation!\n");
} else{
printf("* Read access violation!\n");
}
if(regs->err_code & PF_ERR_USER_BIT){
printf("* Violation from user-space (CPL=3)\n");
}
if(regs->err_code & PF_ERR_INSTRUCTION_FETCH_BIT){
printf("* Caused by an instruction fetch. \n");
}
__asm__("cli;" "1: hlt;" "jmp 1b;");
break;
case 16:
// x87 FPU Floating-point Error #MF
printf("#MF\n");
printf("EIP: 0x%x\n", regs->eip);
printf("EAX: 0x%x\n", regs->eax);
printf("EBP: 0x%x\n", regs->ebp);
break;
case 17:
// Alignment Check Exception #AC
printf("#AC\n");
printf("EIP: 0x%x\n", regs->eip);
printf("EAX: 0x%x\n", regs->eax);
printf("EBP: 0x%x\n", regs->ebp);
break;
case 18:
// Machine-Check Exception #MC
printf("#MC\n");
printf("EIP: 0x%x\n", regs->eip);
printf("EAX: 0x%x\n", regs->eax);
printf("EBP: 0x%x\n", regs->ebp);
break;
case 19:
// SIMD Floating-point Exception #XM
printf("#XM\n");
printf("EIP: 0x%x\n", regs->eip);
printf("EAX: 0x%x\n", regs->eax);
printf("EBP: 0x%x\n", regs->ebp);
break;
case 20:
// Virtualization Exception #VE
printf("#VE\n");
printf("EIP: 0x%x\n", regs->eip);
printf("EAX: 0x%x\n", regs->eax);
printf("EBP: 0x%x\n", regs->ebp);
break;
case 21:
// Control Protection Exception #CP
printf("#CP\n");
printf("EIP: 0x%x\n", regs->eip);
printf("EAX: 0x%x\n", regs->eax);
printf("EBP: 0x%x\n", regs->ebp);
break;
default:
// PANIC!!!
break;
}
}
void irq_handler (registers regs) {
switch (regs.int_no) {
case 0:
pit_tick++;
break;
case 1:
// Keyboard interrupt !!
int scan;
int i;/*register*/
// Read scancode
scan = inb(0x60);
// Send ack message!
i = inb(0x61);
outb(0x61, i|0x80);
outb(0x61, i);
// NOTE: check for special scan codes
// e.g. modifiers etc..
if( scan < 0x37){
//printf("Read from IO: 0x%x\n", scan);
keyPress.ScanCode = scan ;
//printf( "[From Interrupt] Scancode: %x\n", keyPress.ScanCode);
}
break;
case 12:
// PS2 Mouse interrupt
printf("Mouse event triggered!");
//int event = inb(0x60);
break;
default:
//printf("Interrupt happened!");
//printf("Received INT: 0x%x\n", regs.int_no);
break;
}
outb(0x20, 0x20); // send end of interrupt to master
if ( regs.int_no > 8 && regs.int_no <= 15) {
outb(0xA0, 0x20); // send end of interrupt to slave
}
if( regs.int_no == 13){
printf(" Error code: %d \n", regs.err_code);
}
}
void initidt(){
// Initialise the IDT pointer
idt_ptr.length = sizeof(IDT_entry) * 255;
idt_ptr.base = (uint32_t)&idt_table;
#ifdef __VERBOSE__
printf("Init IDT\n");
#endif
// TODO: Set everything to zero first
set_id_entry(0, (uint32_t) irs0 , 0x08, 0x8F);
set_id_entry(1, (uint32_t) irs1 , 0x08, 0x8E);
set_id_entry(2, (uint32_t) irs2 , 0x08, 0x8E);
set_id_entry(3, (uint32_t) irs3 , 0x08, 0x8E);
set_id_entry(4, (uint32_t) irs4 , 0x08, 0x8E);
set_id_entry(5, (uint32_t) irs5 , 0x08, 0x8E);
set_id_entry(6, (uint32_t) irs6 , 0x08, 0x8E);
set_id_entry(7, (uint32_t) irs7 , 0x08, 0x8E);
set_id_entry(8, (uint32_t) irs8 , 0x08, 0x8E);
set_id_entry(9, (uint32_t) irs9 , 0x08, 0x8E);
set_id_entry(10, (uint32_t) irs10 , 0x08, 0x8E);
set_id_entry(11, (uint32_t) irs11 , 0x08, 0x8E);
set_id_entry(12, (uint32_t) irs12 , 0x08, 0x8E);
set_id_entry(13, (uint32_t) irs13 , 0x08, 0x8E);
set_id_entry(14, (uint32_t) irs14 , 0x08, 0x8E);
set_id_entry(15, (uint32_t) irs15 , 0x08, 0x8E);
set_id_entry(16, (uint32_t) irs16 , 0x08, 0x8E);
set_id_entry(17, (uint32_t) irs17 , 0x08, 0x8E);
set_id_entry(18, (uint32_t) irs18 , 0x08, 0x8E);
set_id_entry(19, (uint32_t) irs19 , 0x08, 0x8E);
set_id_entry(20, (uint32_t) irs20 , 0x08, 0x8E);
set_id_entry(21, (uint32_t) irs21 , 0x08, 0x8E);
set_id_entry(22, (uint32_t) irs22 , 0x08, 0x8E);
set_id_entry(23, (uint32_t) irs23 , 0x08, 0x8E);
set_id_entry(24, (uint32_t) irs24 , 0x08, 0x8E);
set_id_entry(25, (uint32_t) irs25 , 0x08, 0x8E);
set_id_entry(26, (uint32_t) irs26 , 0x08, 0x8E);
set_id_entry(27, (uint32_t) irs27 , 0x08, 0x8E);
set_id_entry(28, (uint32_t) irs28 , 0x08, 0x8E);
set_id_entry(29, (uint32_t) irs29 , 0x08, 0x8E);
set_id_entry(30, (uint32_t) irs30 , 0x08, 0x8E);
set_id_entry(31, (uint32_t) irs31 , 0x08, 0x8E);
//print_serial("Remapping PIC\n");
PIC_remap(0x20, 0x28);
// clear mask for IRQ 12
uint8_t value = inb(0x21) & ~(1<< 12);
outb(0x21, value);
// pic IRQ Table
set_id_entry(32, (uint32_t)irq0, 0x08, 0x8E);
set_id_entry(33, (uint32_t)irq1, 0x08, 0x8E); // PS2 Keyboard
set_id_entry(34, (uint32_t)irq2, 0x08, 0x8E);
set_id_entry(35, (uint32_t)irq3, 0x08, 0x8E);
set_id_entry(36, (uint32_t)irq4, 0x08, 0x8E);
set_id_entry(37, (uint32_t)irq5, 0x08, 0x8E);
set_id_entry(38, (uint32_t)irq6, 0x08, 0x8E);
set_id_entry(39, (uint32_t)irq7, 0x08, 0x8E);
set_id_entry(40, (uint32_t)irq8, 0x08, 0x8E);
set_id_entry(41, (uint32_t)irq9, 0x08, 0x8E);
set_id_entry(42, (uint32_t)irq10, 0x08, 0x8E);
set_id_entry(43, (uint32_t)irq11, 0x08, 0x8E);
set_id_entry(44, (uint32_t)irq12, 0x08, 0x8E); // PS2 Mouse
set_id_entry(45, (uint32_t)irq13, 0x08, 0x8E);
set_id_entry(46, (uint32_t)irq14, 0x08, 0x8E);
set_id_entry(47, (uint32_t)irq15, 0x08, 0x8E);
idt_flush((uint32_t)&idt_ptr);
}

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#pragma once
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include "../drivers/vga/colors.h"
#include "../drivers/pic/pic.h"
#include "../terminal/kterm.h"
extern "C" {
struct __attribute__((__packed__)) IDT_entry {
uint16_t offset_1;
uint16_t selector;
uint8_t zero;
uint8_t type_attr;
uint16_t offset_2;
};
struct __attribute__((__packed__)) IDT_ptr {
unsigned short length;
unsigned long base;
};
struct registers {
uint32_t ds; // Data segment selector
uint32_t edi, esi, ebp, esp, ebx, edx, ecx, eax; // Pushed by pusha.
uint32_t int_no, err_code; // Interrupt number and error code (if applicable)
uint32_t eip, cs, eflags, useresp, ss;
};
extern void idt_flush(uint32_t);
void set_id_entry (uint8_t num , uint32_t base, uint16_t sel, uint8_t flags);
void initidt();
void irq_handler (registers regs);
void irs_handler (registers* regs);
extern void irs0 ();
extern void irs1 ();
extern void irs2 ();
extern void irs3 ();
extern void irs4 ();
extern void irs5 ();
extern void irs6 ();
extern void irs7 ();
extern void irs8 ();
extern void irs9 ();
extern void irs10 ();
extern void irs11 ();
extern void irs12 ();
extern void irs13 ();
extern void irs14 ();
extern void irs15 ();
extern void irs16 ();
extern void irs17 ();
extern void irs18 ();
extern void irs19 ();
extern void irs20 ();
extern void irs21 ();
extern void irs22 ();
extern void irs23 ();
extern void irs24 ();
extern void irs25 ();
extern void irs26 ();
extern void irs27 ();
extern void irs28 ();
extern void irs29 ();
extern void irs30 ();
extern void irs31 ();
}

6
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.globl idt_flush
idt_flush:
mov 4(%esp), %eax
lidt (%eax)
ret

138
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.globl irq0
irq0:
cli
push $0
push $0
jmp irq_common
.globl irq1
irq1:
cli
push $0
push $1
jmp irq_common
.globl irq2
irq2:
cli
push $0
push $2
jmp irq_common
.globl irq3
irq3:
cli
push $0
push $3
jmp irq_common
.globl irq4
irq4:
cli
push $0
push $4
jmp irq_common
.globl irq5
irq5:
cli
push $0
push $5
jmp irq_common
.globl irq6
irq6:
cli
push $0
push $6
jmp irq_common
.globl irq7
irq7:
cli
push $0
push $7
jmp irq_common
.globl irq8
irq8:
cli
push $0
push $8
jmp irq_common
.globl irq9
irq9:
cli
push $0
push $9
jmp irq_common
.globl irq10
irq10:
cli
push $0
push $10
jmp irq_common
.globl irq11
irq11:
cli
push $0
push $11
jmp irq_common
.globl irq12
irq12:
cli
push $0
push $12
jmp irq_common
.globl irq13
irq13:
cli
push $0
push $13
jmp irq_common
.globl irq14
irq14:
cli
push $0
push $14
jmp irq_common
.globl irq15
irq15:
cli
push $0
push $15
jmp irq_common
irq_common:
pusha
mov %ds, %ax
push %eax
mov $0x10, %ax
mov %ax, %ds
mov %ax, %es
mov %ax, %fs
mov %ax, %gs
call irq_handler
pop %eax
mov %ax, %ds
mov %ax, %es
mov %ax, %fs
mov %ax, %gs
popa
add $8, %esp # cleans push error and irs code
sti
iret # pops 5 things at once: CS, EIP, EFLAGS, SS, and ESP

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.code32
/*
* Interupt handlers
*/
.macro ISR_NOERRORCODE NAME, VECTOR
.globl irs\NAME
irs\NAME:
cli
push $0
push \VECTOR
jmp irs_common
.endm
.macro ISR_ERROCODE NAME, VECTOR
.globl irs\NAME
irs\NAME:
cli
push \VECTOR
jmp irs_common
.endm
ISR_NOERRORCODE 0 $0
ISR_NOERRORCODE 1 $1
ISR_NOERRORCODE 2 $2
ISR_NOERRORCODE 3 $3
ISR_NOERRORCODE 4 $4
ISR_NOERRORCODE 5 $5
ISR_NOERRORCODE 6 $6
ISR_NOERRORCODE 7 $7
ISR_NOERRORCODE 8 $8
ISR_NOERRORCODE 9 $9
ISR_NOERRORCODE 10 $10
ISR_NOERRORCODE 11 $11
ISR_NOERRORCODE 12 $12
ISR_NOERRORCODE 13 $13
ISR_NOERRORCODE 14 $14
ISR_NOERRORCODE 15 $15
ISR_NOERRORCODE 16 $16
ISR_NOERRORCODE 17 $17
ISR_NOERRORCODE 18 $18
ISR_NOERRORCODE 19 $19
ISR_NOERRORCODE 20 $20
ISR_NOERRORCODE 21 $21
ISR_NOERRORCODE 22 $22
ISR_NOERRORCODE 23 $23
ISR_NOERRORCODE 24 $24
ISR_NOERRORCODE 25 $25
ISR_NOERRORCODE 26 $26
ISR_NOERRORCODE 27 $27
ISR_NOERRORCODE 28 $28
ISR_NOERRORCODE 29 $29
ISR_NOERRORCODE 30 $30
ISR_NOERRORCODE 31 $31
irs_common:
pusha # Pushes edi,esi,ebp,esp,ebx,edx,ecx,eax
mov %ds, %ax
push %eax
/* load the kernel data segment descriptor*/
mov $0x10, %ax
mov %ax, %ds
mov %ax, %es
mov %ax, %fs
mov %ax, %gs
mov %esp, %eax
push %eax
call irs_handler
pop %eax
pop %ebx // reload ther orignal data segment descriptor
mov %bx, %ds
mov %bx, %es
mov %bx, %fs
mov %bx, %gs
popa
add $12, %esp # cleans push error and irs code
iret # pops 5 things at once: CS, EIP, EFLAGS, SS, and ESP

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/*
Copyright © Nigel Barink 2023
*/
#include "memory/memory.h"
#include "memory/KernelHeap.h"
#include "memory/gdt/gdtc.h"
#include "memory/TaskStateSegment.h"
#include "supervisorterminal/superVisorTerminal.h"
#include "drivers/vga/VBE.h"
#include "drivers/pci/pci.h"
#include "drivers/pit/pit.h"
#include "drivers/acpi/acpi.h"
#include "i386/processor.h"
#include "terminal/kterm.h"
#include "interrupts/idt.h"
#include "serial.h"
#include "vfs/VFS.h"
extern "C" void LoadGlobalDescriptorTable();
extern "C" void jump_usermode();
extern "C" void kernel ()
{
init_serial();
kterm_init();
setup_tss();
initGDT();
initidt();
LoadGlobalDescriptorTable();
flush_tss();
printf("Memory setup complete!\n");
// Enable interrupts
asm volatile("STI");
initHeap();
pit_initialise();
// ACPI::initialize(); // FIXME: improper reading of bios memory
PCI::Scan();
processor::initialize();
processor::enable_protectedMode();
FileSystem::initialize();
// Testing my path resolution functions
Path test = Path("/boot/myos.bin");
FileSystem::ResolvePath(test);
#ifdef USERMODE_RELEASE
// Lets jump into user mode
jump_usermode();
#else
startSuperVisorTerminal();
#endif
}

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#pragma once
#define CHECK_FLAG(flags, bit) ((flags) & (1 <<(bit)))
#define PANIC(message) {return;}

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ENTRY(_start)
/* Tell where the various sections of the object files will be put in the final
kernel image. */
SECTIONS
{
. = 0x00100000; /* place code at 1MB mark*/
_kernel_start = .;
kernel_begin = .; /* For legacy reasons */
.multiboot.data : {
*(.multiboot.data)
}
.multiboot.text : {
*(multiboot.text)
}
. += 0xC0000000; /* Addresses in the following code need to be above the 3Gb mark */
.text ALIGN (4K) : AT (ADDR (.text) - 0xC0000000)
{
*(.text)
}
.rodata ALIGN (4K) : AT (ADDR (.rodata) - 0xC0000000)
{
*(.rodata)
}
.data ALIGN (4K) : AT (ADDR (.data) - 0xC0000000)
{
*(.data)
}
.bss ALIGN (4K) : AT (ADDR (.bss) - 0xC0000000)
{
*(COMMON)
*(.bss)
*(.bootstrap_stack)
}
_kernel_end = .;
kernel_end = .; /* For legacy reasons */
}

86
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#include "KernelHeap.h"
#include "VirtualMemoryManager.h"
extern "C" const uint32_t kernel_end;
// Size of heap metadata is 5 bytes
struct heap_block{
uint8_t Used;
uint32_t Size;
};
uint32_t heap_size;
heap_block* start ;
void* malloc(size_t size)
{
//printf("Received request for %d bytes of memory\n", size);
heap_block* current = start;
// look for a free block
while(current < start + heap_size)
{
if(current->Size >= size && current->Used == false )
{
// We found a spot
// printf("Block found!\n");
// Set the spot to in-use
current->Used = true;
// split the block
//printf("Split block.\n");
uint32_t oldSize = current->Size;
current->Size = size;
heap_block* new_block = current + sizeof(heap_block) + current->Size;
new_block->Size = oldSize - ( sizeof(heap_block) + size);
new_block->Used = false;
// return the free address
// NOTE: added an offset from the initial address to accomodate for
// meta-data.
return current + sizeof(heap_block);
}
current += current->Size + sizeof(heap_block);
}
// If we are here we need more memory so we should
// probably ask the VMM for more
// TODO: ask for more memory | Extend kernel heap
printf("ERROR: OUT OF HEAP MEMORY CONDITION IS NOT IMPLEMENTED. HEAP NEEDS TO BE EXTENDED!\n");
}
void free(void* addr)
{
// clear the free boolean that corresponds to this adddress
// This should be fairly simple
heap_block* allocatedBlock = (heap_block*)((uint32_t)addr - sizeof(heap_block));
allocatedBlock->Used = false;
}
void initHeap()
{
void* HEAP_ADDRESS = allocate_block();
printf("0x%x HEAP Paddr\n", HEAP_ADDRESS);
Immediate_Map((uint32_t)HEAP_ADDRESS + 0xC0000000, (uint32_t)HEAP_ADDRESS );
start = (heap_block*) ((uint32_t)HEAP_ADDRESS + 0xC0000000);
heap_size = 4096;
printf("Clear heap\n");
// Clear the heap
printf("set at 0x%x %d bytes to zero\n", start , heap_size);
memset((void*)start, 0x00, heap_size /4);
printf("Init first heap block\n");
// initialzie
start->Size = heap_size - sizeof(heap_block);
start->Used = false;
}

10
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#pragma once
#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include "../terminal/kterm.h"
void initHeap();
void* malloc (size_t size );
void free(void* addr);

43
kernel/memory/PageDirectory.cpp Normal file
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#include "PageDirectory.h"
void PageDirectory::enable()
{
// https://wiki.osdev.org/Setting_Up_Paging
//set each entry to not present
// int i;
// for(i = 0; i < 1024; i++)
// {
// // This sets the following flags to the pages:
// // Supervisor: Only kernel-mode can access them
// // Write Enabled: It can be both read from and written to
// // Not Present: The page table is not present
// this->page_directory[i] = 0x00000002;
// }
// // holds the physical address where we want to start mapping these pages to.
// // in this case, we want to map these pages to the very beginning of memory.
// //we will fill all 1024 entries in the table, mapping 4 megabytes
// for(unsigned int i = 0; i < 1024; i++)
// {
// // As the address is page aligned, it will always leave 12 bits zeroed.
// // Those bits are used by the attributes ;)
// first_page_table[i] = (i * 0x1000) | 3; // attributes: supervisor level, read/write, present.
// }
// // attributes: supervisor level, read/write, present
// this->page_directory[0] = ((unsigned int)first_page_table) | 3;
printf("Enable Paging!\n");
loadPageDirectory(this->page_directory);
enablePaging();
}
void PageDirectory::MapPhysicalToVirtualAddress ( address_t PAddress , address_t VAddress, uint32_t size )
{
}

31
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#pragma once
#include <stdint.h>
#include "./memory.h"
#include "./../terminal/kterm.h"
#define KB 1024
typedef uintptr_t address_t;
static const int MAX_PAGES = 1024 * KB; // 4GB , 4kB/page
static volatile address_t pmem_stack[MAX_PAGES];
static volatile address_t pmem_stack_top = MAX_PAGES; // top down allocation
extern "C" void loadPageDirectory (uint32_t* addr );
extern "C" void enablePaging();
struct page_directory_entry {};
struct page_table_entry{};
class PageDirectory {
public:
void enable ();
void MapPhysicalToVirtualAddress ( address_t PAddress , address_t VAddress, uint32_t size );
private:
uint32_t page_directory[1024] __attribute__((aligned(4096))); // align on 4 kiloByte pages
uint32_t first_page_table[1024] __attribute__((aligned(4096))); // align on 4 kiloByte pages
};

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#include "./PhysicalMemoryManager.h"
#define IS_ALIGNED(addr, align) !((addr) & ~((align) - 1))
#define ALIGN(addr, align) (((addr) & ~((align) - 1 )) + (align))
const uint32_t KERNEL_OFFSET = 0xC0000000;
uint32_t* memoryBitMap;
uint32_t pmmap_size;
uint32_t max_blocks;
int used_blocks;
void SetupPhysicalMemoryManager(uint32_t mapAddress, uint32_t memorySize )
{
/*
Every byte contains 8 pages
A page is 4096 kib
Every block (1 bit) represent an page
*/
// Set the maximum number of blocks
max_blocks = (uint32_t)memorySize / BLOCK_SIZE ;
printf("Max Blocks: %d\n", max_blocks);
// Set size of the bitmap
uint32_t bitmap_size = max_blocks / 32;
printf("Bitmap size: %d bytes\n",bitmap_size);
// Set blocks used to zero
used_blocks = max_blocks;
// set the address of the memory bitmap
memoryBitMap = (uint32_t*) mapAddress;
// Set all places in memory as free
memset(memoryBitMap, 0xFFFFFFFF, max_blocks / 32 );
}
// NOTE: This can only give blocks of 4kb at a time!
// We might at some point want to allocate multiple blocks at once.
void* allocate_block() {
uint8_t blocks_available = max_blocks - used_blocks;
// Are there any blocks available?
if( blocks_available <= 0)
{
printf("No blocks available. Blocks Delta: 0x%x\n", blocks_available);
return 0;
}
// Find 1 free block somewhere
int free_block_index = bitmap_first_unset(memoryBitMap, max_blocks / 8 );
if(free_block_index == -1)
{
printf("Could not find a good block!\n");
// Could not find a block
return (void*)0xFFFF;
}
if(free_block_index == 0)
printf("Somethings wrong!!!\n");
// Set the block to be used!
bitmap_unset(memoryBitMap, free_block_index);
// Increase the used_block count!
used_blocks++;
printf("used blocks: 0x%x\n", used_blocks);
// return the pointer to the physical address
return (void*) (BLOCK_SIZE * free_block_index);
}
void free_block(void* p) {
// If it is a null pointer we don't need to do anything.
if(p==0) {
return;
}
// calculate the index into the bitmap
int index = ((uint32_t) p) / BLOCK_SIZE;
// set the block to be free
bitmap_set(memoryBitMap, index);
used_blocks--;
printf("used blocks: 0x%x, after free\n", used_blocks);
}
void allocate_region(uint32_t startAddress, uint32_t size) {
// every bit should be 4KiB
// every byte is 8*4KiB = 32KiB
int NumberOfBlocksToAllocate = ( size / 1024) / 4 / 8 + 1;
int startBlock = (startAddress / 1024) / 4 / 8 ;
for( int i = 0; i < NumberOfBlocksToAllocate; i++)
{
bitmap_unset(memoryBitMap, startBlock + i);// allocate region causes #PF Exception
used_blocks++;
}
}
void deallocate_region(uint32_t StartAddress , uint32_t size ) {
// reverse of what happened in allocate_region
int NumberOfBlocks = (size / 1024) / 4 / 8 + 1;
int startBlock = (StartAddress / 1024) / 4 / 8;
for(int i = 0; i < NumberOfBlocks; i++)
{
bitmap_set(memoryBitMap, startBlock + i);
used_blocks --;
}
}
int GetUsedBlocks (){
return used_blocks;
}

20
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#pragma once
#include <stddef.h>
#include <CoreLib/Memory.h>
#include "../prekernel/bootstructure.h"
#include "../terminal/kterm.h"
#include "../bitmap.h"
#define BLOCK_SIZE 4092
void SetupPhysicalMemoryManager(uint32_t mapAddress, uint32_t memorySize);
void* allocate_block();
void free_block(void* ptr);
void allocate_region(uint32_t address, uint32_t size);
void deallocate_region(uint32_t address, uint32_t size);
int GetUsedBlocks();

60
kernel/memory/TaskStateSegment.h Normal file
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#pragma once
#include "gdt/gdtc.h"
#include <CoreLib/Memory.h>
struct TaskStateSegment {
uint32_t prev_tss;
uint32_t esp0;
uint32_t ss0;
// everythinge else is unused
uint32_t esp1;
uint32_t ss1;
uint32_t esp2;
uint32_t ss2;
uint32_t cr3;
uint32_t eip;
uint32_t eflags;
uint32_t eax;
uint32_t ecx;
uint32_t edx;
uint32_t ebx;
uint32_t esp;
uint32_t ebp;
uint32_t esi;
uint32_t edi;
uint32_t es;
uint32_t cs;
uint32_t ss;
uint32_t ds;
uint32_t fs;
uint32_t gs;
uint32_t ldt;
uint16_t trap;
uint16_t iomap_base;
}__attribute__((packed));
TaskStateSegment tss0 ={};
inline void flush_tss()
{
asm volatile("mov $0x2B, %ax ; ltr %ax");
}
void setup_tss(){
// ensure the tss is zero'd
memset((void*)&tss0, 0, sizeof(tss0));
tss0.ss0 = (uint32_t) &GlobalDescriptorTable[KERNEL_DATA_SEGMENT];
extern uint32_t stack_top;
tss0.esp0 = (unsigned long)&stack_top;
// Task Segment Descriptor
uint32_t address = (unsigned long) &tss0;
uint32_t size = sizeof(tss0);
uint32_t limit = (address + size );
add_descriptor(TASK_STATE_SEGMENT, address, limit- 1, 0xE9, 0x0);
}

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#include "VirtualMemoryManager.h"
#define ALIGN(addr, align) (((addr) & ~((align) - 1 )) + (align))
extern uint32_t boot_page_directory[1024] ; // points to the wrong location
extern uint32_t boot_page_table[1024];
void flush_cr3(){
asm volatile("movl %cr3, %ecx;"
"movl %ecx, %cr3");
}
void AllocatePage(uint32_t vaddr)
{
uint32_t page_aligned_address = ALIGN(vaddr, 4096);
// allocate a page at virtual address
int PageDirectoryEntryIndex = vaddr >> 22;
int PageTableEntryIndex = (vaddr >> 12) & 0x1FFF;
printf("Allocation happening at PDE: %d PTE: %d\n", PageDirectoryEntryIndex, PageTableEntryIndex);
// check if the page directory entry is marked as present
if (boot_page_directory[PageDirectoryEntryIndex] & 0x1 )
{
printf("Directory entry is marked as present\n");
uint32_t* page_table = (uint32_t*)((boot_page_directory[PageDirectoryEntryIndex]) & 0xFFFFE000) ;
//page_table = (uint32_t*) ((uint32_t)page_table + 0xC0000000); // Add kernel offset
printf("Page table address: 0x%x\n", (uint32_t)&page_table);
// check if the page table entry is marked as present
if ( page_table[PageTableEntryIndex] & 0x1 )
{
printf("page already present!\n");
} else{
printf("Mapping a physical page.\n");
// Map the entry to a physical page
page_table[PageTableEntryIndex] = (uint32_t)allocate_block() | 0x3;
}
} else {
printf("Mapping a new page directory entry with a page table\n");
// mark the page table as present and allocate a physical block for it
boot_page_directory[PageDirectoryEntryIndex] = (uint32_t)allocate_block() | 0x3;
}
asm ("cli; invlpg (%0); sti" :: "r" (vaddr) : "memory" );
}
void FreePage(uint32_t vaddr )
{
uint32_t page_aligned_address = ALIGN(vaddr, 4096);
// allocate a page at virtual address
int PageDirectoryEntryIndex = vaddr >> 22;
int PageTableEntryIndex = (vaddr >> 12) & 0x1FFF;
uint32_t* pageTable = (uint32_t*)(boot_page_directory[PageDirectoryEntryIndex] & 0xFFFFE000 + 0xC0000000);
void* physicalAddressToFree = (void*)(pageTable[PageTableEntryIndex] & 0xFFFFE000 + 0xC0000000);
free_block(physicalAddressToFree);
pageTable[PageTableEntryIndex] = 0x0;
}
void Immediate_Map ( uint32_t vaddr, uint32_t paddr)
{
printf("map 0x%x to 0x%x\n", paddr, vaddr);
// allocate a page at virtual address
int PageDirectoryEntryIndex = vaddr >> 22;
int PageTableEntryIndex = (vaddr >> 12) & 0x1FFF;
printf("Map address at PDE 0x%x PTE 0x%x\n", PageDirectoryEntryIndex, PageTableEntryIndex);
if ((boot_page_directory - 0xC0000000)[PageDirectoryEntryIndex] & 0x1 )
{
printf("Directory entry is marked as present\n");
} else {
printf("Mapping a new page directory entry with a page table\n");
// mark the page table as present and allocate a physical block for it
void* new_page_dir = allocate_block();
printf("New page directory address 0x%x\n", new_page_dir);
boot_page_directory[PageDirectoryEntryIndex] = (uint32_t)new_page_dir | 0x3;
}
printf("PDE found at : 0x%x\n", (uint32_t) &boot_page_directory[PageDirectoryEntryIndex]);
uint32_t* page_table = (uint32_t*)(boot_page_directory[PageDirectoryEntryIndex] & 0xFFFFE000) ;
//page_table = (uint32_t*) ((uint32_t)page_table - 0xC0000000); // remove kernel offset
printf("Page table address: 0x%x\n", (uint32_t)page_table);
// check if the page table entry is marked as present
if ( page_table[PageTableEntryIndex] & 0x1 )
{
printf("page already present!\n");
printf("Entry found at addr: 0x%x\n", &(page_table[PageTableEntryIndex]));
} else{
printf("Mapping a physical page.\n");
// Map the entry to a physical page
page_table[PageTableEntryIndex] = (uint32_t)(paddr | 0x3);
}
asm ("cli; invlpg (%0); sti" :: "r" (vaddr) : "memory" );
}
void Immediate_Unmap(uint32_t vaddr)
{
// NOTE: I will implement lazy unmapping for now
uint32_t page_aligned_address = ALIGN(vaddr, 4096);
// allocate a page at virtual address
int PageDirectoryEntryIndex = vaddr >> 22;
int PageTableEntryIndex = (vaddr >> 12) & 0x1FFF;
}

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kernel/memory/VirtualMemoryManager.h Normal file
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#pragma once
#include "../terminal/kterm.h"
#include "../i386/processor.h"
#include "PhysicalMemoryManager.h"
void SetupVMM();
void AllocatePage(uint32_t v_addr );
void FreePage(uint32_t v_addr);
void Immediate_Map(uint32_t vaddr, uint32_t paddr);
void Immediate_Unmap (uint32_t v_addr);
// void Demand_map(uint32_t p_addr, uint32_t v_addr);
// void Demand_Unmap (uint32_t v_addr);

19
kernel/memory/gdt/gdt.s Normal file
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.global LoadGlobalDescriptorTable
LoadGlobalDescriptorTable:
lgdt gdtDescriptor
movw $16, %ax
movw %ax, %ds
movw %ax, %es
movw %ax, %fs
movw %ax, %gs
movw %ax, %ss
jmp $8,$flush
flush:
ret

46
kernel/memory/gdt/gdtc.cpp Normal file
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#include "gdtc.h"
#include "../../terminal/kterm.h"
SegmentDescriptor GlobalDescriptorTable[6];
GlobalDescriptorTableDescriptor gdtDescriptor;
void add_descriptor(int which , unsigned long base, unsigned long limit, unsigned char access, unsigned char granularity ){
GlobalDescriptorTable[which].base_low = (base & 0xFFFF );
GlobalDescriptorTable[which].base_middle = (base >> 6) & 0xFF;
GlobalDescriptorTable[which].base_high = (base >> 24) & 0xFF;
GlobalDescriptorTable[which].limit_low = (limit & 0xFFFF);
GlobalDescriptorTable[which].granularity = ((limit >> 16) & 0x0F);
GlobalDescriptorTable[which].granularity |= (granularity & 0xF0);
GlobalDescriptorTable[which].access = access;
}
void initGDT(){
// NULL segment
add_descriptor(NULL_SEGMENT, 0,0,0,0);
// Kernel Code Segment
add_descriptor(KERNEL_CODE_SEGMENT, 0, 0xFFFFFFFF, 0x9A, 0xCF);
// Kernel Data Segment
add_descriptor(KERNEL_DATA_SEGMENT, 0, 0xFFFFFFFF, 0x92, 0xCF);
// User Code Segment
add_descriptor(USER_CODE_SEGMENT, 0, 0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFA, 0xCF);
// User Data Segement
add_descriptor(USER_DATA_SEGMENT, 0, 0xFFFFFFFF, 0xF2, 0xCF);
// init Gdt Descriptor
gdtDescriptor.limit = ((sizeof(SegmentDescriptor ) * 6 ) - 1);
gdtDescriptor.base = (unsigned int) (&GlobalDescriptorTable);
}

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#pragma once
#include <stdint.h>
#define NULL_SEGMENT 0
#define KERNEL_CODE_SEGMENT 1
#define KERNEL_DATA_SEGMENT 2
#define USER_CODE_SEGMENT 3
#define USER_DATA_SEGMENT 4
#define TASK_STATE_SEGMENT 5
struct SegmentDescriptor {
unsigned short limit_low;
unsigned short base_low;
unsigned char base_middle;
unsigned char access;
unsigned char granularity;
unsigned char base_high;
}__attribute__((packed));
extern SegmentDescriptor GlobalDescriptorTable[6];
struct GlobalDescriptorTableDescriptor{
unsigned short limit;
unsigned int base;
}__attribute__((packed)) ;
void add_descriptor(int which , unsigned long base, unsigned long limit, unsigned char access, unsigned char granularity );
void initGDT();

142
kernel/memory/memory.cpp Normal file
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#include "./memory.h"
uint32_t* memoryBitMap;
/*
*/
void PhysicalMemory::setup( MemoryInfo* memory) {
// calculate the maximum number of blocks
max_blocks = KB_TO_BLOCKS(memory->TotalMemory);
used_blocks = 0;
memoryBitMap = (uint32_t*) 0x00a00000;
printf("Maximum Number of blocks: 0x%x, Number of bytes for memMap: 0x%x\n", max_blocks , (max_blocks/8));
//Size of memory map
uint32_t memMap_size = (max_blocks / 8 ) ;
printf("Memory Map size: 0x%x\n", memMap_size );
printf("size of int in bytes: 0x%x \n" , sizeof(int));
// Set all places in memory as free
memset(memoryBitMap, 0xFF, memMap_size );
}
// NOTE: this can only give blocks of 4kb at a time!
void* PhysicalMemory::allocate_block() {
uint8_t blocks_available = max_blocks - used_blocks;
// Are there any blocks available?
if( blocks_available <= 0)
{
printf("No blocks available. Blocks Delta: 0x%x\n", blocks_available);
return 0;
}
// Find 1 free block somewhere
int free_block_index = bitmap_first_unset(memoryBitMap, (max_blocks /8) /*memMap Size*/ );
if(free_block_index == -1)
{
printf("Could not find a good block!\n");
// Could not find a block
return (void*)0xFFFF;
}
if(free_block_index == 0)
printf("Somethings wrong!!!\n");
// Set the block to be used!
bitmap_unset(memoryBitMap, free_block_index);
// Increase the used_block count!
used_blocks++;
printf("used blocks: 0x%x\n", used_blocks);
// return the pointer to the physical address
return (void*) (BLOCK_SIZE * free_block_index);
}
void PhysicalMemory::free_block(void* p) {
// If it is a null pointer we don't need to do anything.
if(p==0) {
return;
}
// calculate the index into the bitmap
int index = ((uint32_t) p) / BLOCK_SIZE;
// set the block to be free
bitmap_set(memoryBitMap, index);
used_blocks--;
printf("used blocks: 0x%x, after free\n", used_blocks);
}
void PhysicalMemory::allocate_region(uint32_t startAddress, uint32_t size) {
// every bit should be 4KiB
// every byte is 8*4KiB = 32KiB
int NumberOfBlocksToAllocate = ( size / 1024) / 4 / 8 + 1;
int startBlock = (startAddress / 1024) / 4 / 8 ;
// printf("NumberOfBlocksToAllocate: 0x%x\n", NumberOfBlocksToAllocate);
//printf( "start block: 0x%x\n" , startBlock);
for( int i = 0; i < NumberOfBlocksToAllocate; i++)
{
//printf("ALLOCATE BLOCK: 0x%x\n" , startBlock + i );
bitmap_unset(memoryBitMap, startBlock+ i);
used_blocks++;
}
}
void PhysicalMemory::deallocate_region(uint32_t StartAddress , uint32_t size ) {
// NOT IMPLEMENTED YET
}
void mapMultibootMemoryMap( MemoryInfo* memInfo , multiboot_info_t *mbt) {
printf("mmap_addr = 0x%x, mmap_length = 0x%x\n",
(unsigned) mbt->mmap_addr, (unsigned) mbt->mmap_length);
multiboot_memory_map_t *mmap = (multiboot_memory_map_t*) mbt->mmap_addr;
for (; (unsigned long) mmap < mbt->mmap_addr + mbt->mmap_length; mmap = (multiboot_memory_map_t *) ((unsigned long) mmap + mmap->size + sizeof(mmap->size))){
if ( mmap->type == MULTIBOOT_MEMORY_AVAILABLE){
memInfo->TotalMemory += mmap->len;
} else {
memInfo->ReservedMemory += mmap->len;
}
print_Multiboot_memory_Map(mmap);
}
}
/**
* @brief Debug Verbose functions
*
* @param mmap
*/
void print_Multiboot_memory_Map(multiboot_memory_map_t* mmap) {
printf(
"size = 0x%x, base_addr = 0x%x%08x, length = 0x%x%08x, type = 0x%x\n",
(unsigned) mmap->size,
(unsigned) (mmap->addr >> 32),
(unsigned) (mmap->addr & 0xffffffff),
(unsigned) (mmap->len >> 32),
(unsigned) (mmap->len & 0xffffffff),
(unsigned) mmap->type
);
}

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#pragma once
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include "memoryinfo.h"
#include "../prekernel/multiboot.h"
#include "../terminal/kterm.h"
#include <CoreLib/Memory.h>
#include "../bitmap.h"
#define BLOCK_SIZE 4092
#define BLOCKS_PER_WORD 32 // A word is 16 bit in x86 machines according to my google search results!
#define KB_TO_BLOCKS(x) (x / BLOCK_SIZE)
#define IS_ALIGNED(addr, align) !((addr) & ~((align) - 1))
#define ALIGN(addr, align) (((addr) & ~((align) - 1 )) + (align))
void initialise_available_regions(uint32_t memoryMapAddr, uint32_t memoryMapLastAddr, uint32_t* memoryBitMap, int* used_blocks);
extern uint32_t* memoryBitMap;
class PhysicalMemory
{
public:
void setup(MemoryInfo* memory);
void destroy();
void free_block(void* ptr);
void* allocate_block();
void allocate_region(uint32_t, uint32_t);
void deallocate_region(uint32_t , uint32_t );
private:
size_t pmmap_size;
size_t max_blocks;
int used_blocks;
};
void mapMultibootMemoryMap( MemoryInfo* memInfo , multiboot_info_t *mbt);
/**
* @brief Debug Verbose Functions
*
* @param mmap
*/
void print_Multiboot_memory_Map(multiboot_memory_map_t* mmap);

20
kernel/memory/memoryinfo.h Normal file
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#pragma once
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stddef.h>
struct MemoryArea{
void* StartAddress;
size_t Size;
unsigned int type;
MemoryArea* Next;
}__attribute__((packed));
struct MemoryInfo {
uint32_t TotalMemory;
uint32_t ReservedMemory;
MemoryArea* MemoryRegionList;
}__attribute__((packed));

20
kernel/memory/paging.s Normal file
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.globl enablePaging
enablePaging:
push %ebp
mov %esp, %ebp
mov %cr0, %eax
or $0x80000000, %eax
mov %eax, %cr0
mov %ebp, %esp
pop %ebp
ret
.globl loadPageDirectory
loadPageDirectory:
push %ebp
mov %esp, %ebp
mov 8(%esp), %eax
mov %eax, %cr3
mov %ebp, %esp
pop %ebp
ret

11
kernel/partitiontable/mbr/MasterBootRecord.h Normal file
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#pragma once
#include <stdint.h>
#include "PartitionTableEntry.h"
struct MBR {
uint8_t code [440];
uint32_t uniqueID;
uint16_t Reserved;
PartitionTableEntry TableEntries[4];
uint16_t ValidBootsector;
}__attribute__((packed));

11
kernel/partitiontable/mbr/PartitionTableEntry.h Normal file
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#pragma once
#include <stdint.h>
struct PartitionTableEntry{
uint8_t driveAttribute;
uint8_t CHS_start_address [3];
uint8_t PartitionType;
uint8_t CHS_lastSector_Address[3];
uint32_t LBA_partition_start;
uint32_t Number_sectors_inPartition;
}__attribute__((packed));

30
kernel/prekernel/bootstructure.h Normal file
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#pragma once
#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdint.h>
extern "C" const uint32_t kernel_begin;
extern "C" const uint32_t kernel_end;
#define IS_AVAILABLE_MEM(MEM_TYPE) MEM_TYPE & 0x1
#define IS_ACPI_MEM(MEM_TYPE) MEM_TYPE & 0x2
#define IS_RESERVED_MEM(MEM_TYPE) MEM_TYPE & 0x4
#define IS_NVS_MEMORY(MEM_TYPE) MEM_TYPE & 0x8
#define IS_BADRAM_MEMORY(MEM_TYPE) MEM_TYPE & 0x10
struct BootInfoBlock {
bool MapIsInvalid;
uint32_t bootDeviceID ;
uint32_t GrubModuleCount;
bool ValidSymbolTable;
uint32_t SymbolTableAddr;
uint32_t SymbolTabSize;
uint32_t SymbolStrSize;
bool ValidELFHeader;
bool EnabledVBE;
};

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/* multiboot.h - Multiboot header file. */
/* Copyright (C) 1999,2003,2007,2008,2009,2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
* of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
* deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
* rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
* sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
* furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
* all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
* IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL ANY
* DEVELOPER OR DISTRIBUTOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
* WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR
* IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
*/
#ifndef MULTIBOOT_HEADER
#define MULTIBOOT_HEADER 1
/* How many bytes from the start of the file we search for the header. */
#define MULTIBOOT_SEARCH 8192
#define MULTIBOOT_HEADER_ALIGN 4
/* The magic field should contain this. */
#define MULTIBOOT_HEADER_MAGIC 0x1BADB002
/* This should be in %eax. */
#define MULTIBOOT_BOOTLOADER_MAGIC 0x2BADB002
/* Alignment of multiboot modules. */
#define MULTIBOOT_MOD_ALIGN 0x00001000
/* Alignment of the multiboot info structure. */
#define MULTIBOOT_INFO_ALIGN 0x00000004
/* Flags set in the ’flags’ member of the multiboot header. */
/* Align all boot modules on i386 page (4KB) boundaries. */
#define MULTIBOOT_PAGE_ALIGN 0x00000001
/* Must pass memory information to OS. */
#define MULTIBOOT_MEMORY_INFO 0x00000002
/* Must pass video information to OS. */
#define MULTIBOOT_VIDEO_MODE 0x00000004
/* This flag indicates the use of the address fields in the header. */
#define MULTIBOOT_AOUT_KLUDGE 0x00010000
/* Flags to be set in the ’flags’ member of the multiboot info structure. */
/* is there basic lower/upper memory information? */
#define MULTIBOOT_INFO_MEMORY 0x00000001
/* is there a boot device set? */
#define MULTIBOOT_INFO_BOOTDEV 0x00000002
/* is the command-line defined? */
#define MULTIBOOT_INFO_CMDLINE 0x00000004
/* are there modules to do something with? */
#define MULTIBOOT_INFO_MODS 0x00000008
/* These next two are mutually exclusive */
/* is there a symbol table loaded? */
#define MULTIBOOT_INFO_AOUT_SYMS 0x00000010
/* is there an ELF section header table? */
#define MULTIBOOT_INFO_ELF_SHDR 0X00000020
/* is there a full memory map? */
#define MULTIBOOT_INFO_MEM_MAP 0x00000040
/* Is there drive info? */
#define MULTIBOOT_INFO_DRIVE_INFO 0x00000080
/* Is there a config table? */
#define MULTIBOOT_INFO_CONFIG_TABLE 0x00000100
/* Is there a boot loader name? */
#define MULTIBOOT_INFO_BOOT_LOADER_NAME 0x00000200
/* Is there a APM table? */
#define MULTIBOOT_INFO_APM_TABLE 0x00000400
/* Is there video information? */
#define MULTIBOOT_INFO_VBE_INFO 0x00000800
#define MULTIBOOT_INFO_FRAMEBUFFER_INFO 0x00001000
#ifndef ASM_FILE
typedef unsigned char multiboot_uint8_t;
typedef unsigned short multiboot_uint16_t;
typedef unsigned int multiboot_uint32_t;
typedef unsigned long long multiboot_uint64_t;
struct multiboot_header
{
/* Must be MULTIBOOT_MAGIC - see above. */
multiboot_uint32_t magic;
/* Feature flags. */
multiboot_uint32_t flags;
/* The above fields plus this one must equal 0 mod 2^32. */
multiboot_uint32_t checksum;
/* These are only valid if MULTIBOOT_AOUT_KLUDGE is set. */
multiboot_uint32_t header_addr;
multiboot_uint32_t load_addr;
multiboot_uint32_t load_end_addr;
multiboot_uint32_t bss_end_addr;
multiboot_uint32_t entry_addr;
/* These are only valid if MULTIBOOT_VIDEO_MODE is set. */
multiboot_uint32_t mode_type;
multiboot_uint32_t width;
multiboot_uint32_t height;
multiboot_uint32_t depth;
};
/* The symbol table for a.out. */
struct multiboot_aout_symbol_table
{
multiboot_uint32_t tabsize;
multiboot_uint32_t strsize;
multiboot_uint32_t addr;
multiboot_uint32_t reserved;
};
typedef struct multiboot_aout_symbol_table multiboot_aout_symbol_table_t;
/* The section header table for ELF. */
struct multiboot_elf_section_header_table
{
multiboot_uint32_t num;
multiboot_uint32_t size;
multiboot_uint32_t addr;
multiboot_uint32_t shndx;
};
typedef struct multiboot_elf_section_header_table multiboot_elf_section_header_table_t;
struct multiboot_info
{
/* Multiboot info version number */
multiboot_uint32_t flags;
/* Available memory from BIOS */
multiboot_uint32_t mem_lower;
multiboot_uint32_t mem_upper;
/* "root" partition */
multiboot_uint32_t boot_device;
/* Kernel command line */
multiboot_uint32_t cmdline;
/* Boot-Module list */
multiboot_uint32_t mods_count;
multiboot_uint32_t mods_addr;
union
{
multiboot_aout_symbol_table_t aout_sym;
multiboot_elf_section_header_table_t elf_sec;
} u;
/* Memory Mapping buffer */
multiboot_uint32_t mmap_length;
multiboot_uint32_t mmap_addr;
/* Drive Info buffer */
multiboot_uint32_t drives_length;
multiboot_uint32_t drives_addr;
/* ROM configuration table */
multiboot_uint32_t config_table;
/* Boot Loader Name */
multiboot_uint32_t boot_loader_name;
/* APM table */
multiboot_uint32_t apm_table;
/* Video */
multiboot_uint32_t vbe_control_info;
multiboot_uint32_t vbe_mode_info;
multiboot_uint16_t vbe_mode;
multiboot_uint16_t vbe_interface_seg;
multiboot_uint16_t vbe_interface_off;
multiboot_uint16_t vbe_interface_len;
multiboot_uint64_t framebuffer_addr;
multiboot_uint32_t framebuffer_pitch;
multiboot_uint32_t framebuffer_width;
multiboot_uint32_t framebuffer_height;
multiboot_uint8_t framebuffer_bpp;
#define MULTIBOOT_FRAMEBUFFER_TYPE_INDEXED 0
#define MULTIBOOT_FRAMEBUFFER_TYPE_RGB 1
#define MULTIBOOT_FRAMEBUFFER_TYPE_EGA_TEXT 2
multiboot_uint8_t framebuffer_type;
union
{
struct
{
multiboot_uint32_t framebuffer_palette_addr;
multiboot_uint16_t framebuffer_palette_num_colors;
};
struct
{
multiboot_uint8_t framebuffer_red_field_position;
multiboot_uint8_t framebuffer_red_mask_size;
multiboot_uint8_t framebuffer_green_field_position;
multiboot_uint8_t framebuffer_green_mask_size;
multiboot_uint8_t framebuffer_blue_field_position;
multiboot_uint8_t framebuffer_blue_mask_size;
};
};
};
typedef struct multiboot_info multiboot_info_t;
struct multiboot_color
{
multiboot_uint8_t red;
multiboot_uint8_t green;
multiboot_uint8_t blue;
};
struct multiboot_mmap_entry
{
multiboot_uint32_t size;
multiboot_uint64_t addr;
multiboot_uint64_t len;
#define MULTIBOOT_MEMORY_AVAILABLE 1
#define MULTIBOOT_MEMORY_RESERVED 2
#define MULTIBOOT_MEMORY_ACPI_RECLAIMABLE 3
#define MULTIBOOT_MEMORY_NVS 4
#define MULTIBOOT_MEMORY_BADRAM 5
multiboot_uint32_t type;
} __attribute__((packed));
typedef struct multiboot_mmap_entry multiboot_memory_map_t;
struct multiboot_mod_list
{
/* the memory used goes from bytes ’mod_start’ to ’mod_end-1’ inclusive */
multiboot_uint32_t mod_start;
multiboot_uint32_t mod_end;
/* Module command line */
multiboot_uint32_t cmdline;
/* padding to take it to 16 bytes (must be zero) */
multiboot_uint32_t pad;
};
typedef struct multiboot_mod_list multiboot_module_t;
/* APM BIOS info. */
struct multiboot_apm_info
{
multiboot_uint16_t version;
multiboot_uint16_t cseg;
multiboot_uint32_t offset;
multiboot_uint16_t cseg_16;
multiboot_uint16_t dseg;
multiboot_uint16_t flags;
multiboot_uint16_t cseg_len;
multiboot_uint16_t cseg_16_len;
multiboot_uint16_t dseg_len;
};
#endif /* ! ASM_FILE */
#endif /* ! MULTIBOOT_HEADER */

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#include <stdint.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include "multiboot.h"
#include "../memory/PhysicalMemoryManager.h"
#define CHECK_FLAG(flags, bit) ((flags) & (1 <<(bit)))
#define VADDR_TO_PADDR(vaddr) (vaddr - 0xC0000000)
#define PADDR_TO_VADDR(paddr) (paddr + 0xC0000000)
extern "C" void prekernelSetup ( unsigned long magic, multiboot_info_t* mbi)
{
/*
* Check Multiboot magic number
*/
if (magic != MULTIBOOT_BOOTLOADER_MAGIC)
{
// PANIC!!
return;
}
mbi = PADDR_TO_VADDR(mbi);
// Setup the physical memory manager immmediatly
// Doing so saves the complications of doing it later when
// paging is enabled
/*
If we got a memory map from our bootloader we
should be parsing it to find out the memory regions available.
*/
if (CHECK_FLAG(mbi->flags, 6))
{
// Calculate total memory size
uint32_t RAM_size = 0;
for(
multiboot_memory_map_t* mmap = (multiboot_memory_map_t*) mbi->mmap_addr;
(unsigned long)mmap < mbi->mmap_addr + mbi->mmap_length;
mmap += mmap->size +sizeof(mmap->size)
){
RAM_size += mmap->len;
}
// Call SetupPhysicalMemoryManager at its physical address
SetupPhysicalMemoryManager ( (uint32_t)VADDR_TO_PADDR(&kernel_end), RAM_size);
for(
multiboot_memory_map_t* mmap = (multiboot_memory_map_t*) mbi->mmap_addr;
(unsigned long)mmap < mbi->mmap_addr + mbi->mmap_length;
mmap += mmap->size +sizeof(mmap->size)
){
if(mmap->type == MULTIBOOT_MEMORY_AVAILABLE)
deallocate_region(mmap->addr, mmap->len);
if(mmap->type == MULTIBOOT_MEMORY_ACPI_RECLAIMABLE)
allocate_region(mmap->addr, mmap->len);
if(mmap->type == MULTIBOOT_MEMORY_RESERVED)
allocate_region(mmap->addr, mmap->len);
if(mmap->type == MULTIBOOT_MEMORY_NVS)
allocate_region(mmap->addr, mmap->len);
if(mmap->type == MULTIBOOT_MEMORY_BADRAM)
allocate_region(mmap->addr, mmap->len);
}
// Allocate the kernel
allocate_region( (uint32_t)&kernel_begin, ( (uint32_t)&kernel_end - (uint32_t)&kernel_begin)- 0xC0000000 );
// Allocate the memory region below 1MB
allocate_region(0x0000000, 0x00100000);
}
else
{
// We didn't get a memory map from our bootloader.
// PANIC!!!!
return;
}
// allocate a full block for the other boot info!
BootInfoBlock* BIB = (BootInfoBlock*) allocate_block();
/* is boot device valid ? */
if (CHECK_FLAG (mbi->flags, 1))
{
BIB->bootDeviceID = mbi->boot_device;
} else{
BIB->bootDeviceID = 0x11111111;
}
/* Are mods_* valid? */
if(CHECK_FLAG ( mbi->flags, 3)){
multiboot_module_t *mod;
uint32_t i;
BIB->GrubModuleCount = mbi->mods_count;
for(i = 0, mod = (multiboot_module_t *) mbi->mods_addr; i < mbi->mods_count; i++ , mod++){
}
}
/* Is the symbol table of a.out valid? */
if (CHECK_FLAG(mbi->flags, 4))
{
// NOTE: Do something with it.. (Store it , process it etc...)
// printf("- Valid Symbol Table available at 0x%x.\n Tab Size: %d, str Size: %d\n", BootInfo->SymbolTableAddr, BootInfo->SymbolTabSize, BootInfo->SymbolStrSize);
BIB->ValidSymbolTable = true;
multiboot_aout_symbol_table_t *multiboot_aout_sym = &(mbi->u.aout_sym);
} else{
BIB->ValidSymbolTable = false;
}
/* Is the section header table of ELF valid? */
if (CHECK_FLAG(mbi->flags, 5))
{
// NOTE: Do something with it.. (Store it , process it etc...)
BIB->ValidELFHeader = true;
multiboot_elf_section_header_table_t *multiboot_elf_sec = &(mbi->u.elf_sec);
}else{
BIB->ValidELFHeader = false;
}
/* Draw diagonal blue line */
if (CHECK_FLAG (mbi->flags, 12)){
BIB->EnabledVBE = true;
// NOTE: Do something with it.. (Store it , process it etc...)
} else{
BIB->EnabledVBE;
}
}

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#pragma once
#include "terminal/kterm.h"
#include "drivers/io/io.h"
#define PORT 0x3f8
static int init_serial() {
#ifdef __VERBOSE__
printf("Init Serial\n");
#endif
outb(PORT + 1, 0x00); // Disable all interrupts
outb(PORT + 3, 0x80); // Enable DLAB (set baud rate divisor)
outb(PORT + 0, 0x03); // Set divisor to 3 (lo byte) 38400 baud
outb(PORT + 1, 0x00); // (hi byte)
outb(PORT + 3, 0x03); // 8 bits, no parity, one stop bit
outb(PORT + 2, 0xC7); // Enable FIFO, clear them, with 14-byte threshold
outb(PORT + 4, 0x0B); // IRQs enabled, RTS/DSR set
outb(PORT + 4, 0x1E); // Set in loopback mode, test the serial chip
outb(PORT + 0, 0xAE); // Test serial chip (send byte 0xAE and check if serial returns same byte)
// Check if serial is faulty (i.e: not same byte as sent)
if(inb(PORT + 0) != 0xAE) {
return 1;
}
// If serial is not faulty set it in normal operation mode
// (not-loopback with IRQs enabled and OUT#1 and OUT#2 bits enabled)
outb(PORT + 4, 0x0F);
return 0;
}
inline int is_transmit_empty() {
return inb(PORT + 5) & 0x20;
}
inline void write_serial(char a) {
while (is_transmit_empty() == 0);
outb(PORT,a);
}
inline int serial_received() {
return inb(PORT + 5) & 1;
}
inline char read_serial() {
while (serial_received() == 0);
return inb(PORT);
}
inline void print_serial(const char* string ){
for(size_t i = 0; i < strlen(string); i ++){
write_serial(string[i]);
}
}

97
kernel/supervisorterminal/superVisorTerminal.cpp Normal file
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#include "superVisorTerminal.h"
#include "../drivers/ata/ataDevice.h"
#include "../partitiontable/mbr/MasterBootRecord.h"
#include "../filesystem/FAT/BiosParameterBlock.h"
#include "../filesystem/FAT/DirectoryEntry.h"
bool isRunning = true;
extern "C" void startSuperVisorTerminal()
{
/*
* Show a little banner for cuteness
*/
printf("|=== BarinkOS ===|\n");
while (isRunning){
printf("SUPERVISOR:>$ " );
int characterCount = 0;
char command[10] = "";
// NOTE: lets just show a kernel prompt
uint8_t ScanCode = getKey();
while( ScanCode != 0x1C )
{
char character = getASCIIKey();
kterm_put(character );
// wHAT THE HELL
if( characterCount < 10 ){
command[characterCount] = character;
characterCount++;
}
ScanCode = getKey();
}
printf("\n");
KeyHandled();
if ( strncmp("DATE", command , characterCount ) == 0 )
{
read_rtc();
printf("======= Time & Date ==========\n");
printf(" - Date: %02d-%02d-%02d\n",day, month, year);
printf(" - Time: %02d:%02d:%02d\n" , hour, minute, second);
printf(" - Ticks: %09d\n", pit_tick);
}
if( strncmp ("MEMORY" , command , characterCount) == 0 )
{
// Show memory layout
printf("========= Memory (very inaccurate) ==========\n");
printf("Kernel MemoryMap:\n");
printf("kernel: 0x%x - 0x%x\n", &kernel_begin , &kernel_end);
printf("Frames used: %d blocks of 4 KiB\n", GetUsedBlocks());
}
if(strncmp("TEST", command, characterCount) == 0)
{
// TEST #DE exception
asm volatile ("MOV $4, %AX ; MOV $0, %BX ; DIV %BX"); // IRS 0
}
if (strncmp("VERSION", command , characterCount) == 0)
{
// Show version information
printf("========= Version ========\n");
printf("Kernel v%d\n", 0);
}
if(strncmp("CLEAR", command, characterCount) == 0)
{
kterm_init();
printf("|=== BarinkOS ===|\n");
}
if(strncmp("LIST", command, 4) == 0)
{
// slice off the command part
char args[characterCount - 4];
for(int i = 5 ; i < characterCount; i++) {
args[i] = command[i];
}
printf("=============== DIRECTORY LISTING =================\n");
printf("Path to show %s\n", args);
}
if(strncmp("DEVICES", command, characterCount) == 0){
printf("================ CONNECTED DEVICES ===============\n");
}
printf("executed command: %s\n", command);
delay(1000);
}
}

9
kernel/supervisorterminal/superVisorTerminal.h Normal file
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#pragma once
#include "../terminal/kterm.h"
#include "../time.h"
#include "../drivers/pit/pit.h"
#include "../drivers/ps-2/keyboard.h"
#include "../memory/PhysicalMemoryManager.h"
#include <CoreLib/Memory.h>
extern "C" void startSuperVisorTerminal();

232
kernel/terminal/kterm.cpp Normal file
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#include "kterm.h"
static const size_t VGA_WIDTH = 80;
static const size_t VGA_HEIGHT = 25;
size_t kterm_row;
size_t kterm_column;
uint8_t kterm_color;
uint16_t* kterm_buffer;
static inline uint8_t vga_entry_color( enum vga_color fg, enum vga_color bg) {
return fg | bg << 4;
}
static inline uint16_t vga_entry (unsigned char uc, uint8_t color) {
return (uint16_t) uc | (uint16_t) color << 8;
}
void kterm_init () {
kterm_row = 0;
kterm_column = 0;
kterm_color = vga_entry_color ( VGA_COLOR_LIGHT_GREY , VGA_COLOR_BLACK);
kterm_buffer = (uint16_t*) 0xC03FF000;
for (size_t y = 0; y < VGA_HEIGHT; y++ ){
for( size_t x = 0; x < VGA_WIDTH; x++){
const size_t index = y * VGA_WIDTH + x;
kterm_buffer[index] = vga_entry(' ', kterm_color);
}
}
}
void kterm_resetcolor(){
kterm_color = vga_entry_color ( VGA_COLOR_LIGHT_GREY , VGA_COLOR_BLACK);
}
void kterm_setcolor(uint8_t color){
kterm_color = color;
}
void kterm_putat (char c, uint8_t color, size_t x, size_t y ) {
const size_t index = y * VGA_WIDTH + x;
kterm_buffer[index] = vga_entry(c, color);
}
void enable_cursor (uint8_t start_cursor , uint8_t end_cursor ){
outb(0x3D4, 0x0A);
outb(0x3D5, (inb(0x3D5) & 0xC0) | start_cursor);
outb(0x3D4, 0x0B);
outb(0x3D5, (inb(0x3D5) & 0xE0) | end_cursor);
}
void disable_cursor()
{
outb(0x3D4, 0x0A);
outb(0x3D5, 0x20);
}
void update_cursor(int x, int y){
uint16_t pos = y * VGA_WIDTH + x;
outb(0x3D4, 0x0F);
outb(0x3D5, (uint8_t) (pos & 0xFF));
outb(0x3D4, 0x0E);
outb(0x3D5, (uint8_t) ((pos >> 8) & 0xFF));
}
uint16_t get_cursor_position(){
uint16_t pos = 0;
outb(0x3D4, 0x0F);
pos |= inb(0x3D5);
outb(0x3D4, 0x0E);
pos |= ((uint16_t) inb(0x3D5)) << 8;
return pos;
}
int get_cursor_x (uint16_t cursor_pos) {
return cursor_pos % VGA_WIDTH;
}
int get_cursor_y (uint16_t cursor_pos ) {
return cursor_pos / VGA_WIDTH;
}
/**
* With the help from:
* https://whiteheadsoftware.dev/operating-systems-development-for-dummies/
**/
void kterm_scrollup(){
size_t i ;
for(i=0; i < (VGA_WIDTH * VGA_HEIGHT - VGA_WIDTH); i++)
kterm_buffer[i] = kterm_buffer[i+VGA_WIDTH];
for( i=0; i< VGA_WIDTH; i++)
kterm_buffer[(VGA_HEIGHT -1) * VGA_WIDTH + i ] = vga_entry(' ', kterm_color);
}
void kterm_put (char c) {
if(++kterm_column == VGA_WIDTH || c == '\n' ) {
update_cursor(kterm_column , kterm_row);
kterm_column = 0;
if(kterm_row == VGA_HEIGHT-1 ) {
kterm_scrollup();
} else {
kterm_row ++;
}
}
if ( c == '\r'){
kterm_column = 0;
return;
}
if(c == '\n') return;
kterm_putat ( c, kterm_color, kterm_column, kterm_row);
}
void kterm_write(const char* data, size_t size) {
for(size_t i = 0; i < size; i++){
kterm_put(data[i]);
}
}
void kterm_writestring(const char* data ){
// AS_KERNEL();
kterm_write(data, strlen(data));
}
static void itoa (char *buf, int base, int d) {
char *p = buf;
char *p1, *p2;
unsigned long ud = d;
int divisor = 10;
if ( base == 'd' && d < 0){
*p++ = '-';
buf++;
ud = -d;
} else if (base == 'x'){
divisor = 16;
}
do {
int remainder = ud % divisor;
*p++ = (remainder < 10 ) ? remainder + '0' : remainder + 'a' -10;
} while(ud /= divisor);
/*terminate buf*/
*p =0;
p1 = buf;
p2 = p -1;
while (p1 < p2)
{
char tmp = *p1;
*p1 = *p2;
*p2 = tmp;
p1++;
p2--;
}
}
void printf ( const char *format, ...) {
char **arg = (char **)&format;
int c;
char buf[20];
arg++;
while ((c = *format++) != 0){
if( c != '%')
kterm_put(c);
else{
char *p, *p2;
int pad0 = 0, pad = 0;
c = *format++;
if(c =='0'){
pad0 = 1;
c = *format++;
}
if ( c >= '0' && c <= '9'){
pad = c - '0';
c = *format++;
}
switch (c)
{
case 'd':
case 'u':
case 'x':
itoa(buf, c, *((int *) arg++));
p = buf;
goto string;
break;
case 's':
p = *arg++;
if(!p)
p = "(null)";
string:
for (p2 = p; *p2; p2++);
for (; p2 < p + pad; p2++)
kterm_put(pad0 ? '0': ' ');
while (*p)
kterm_put(*p++);
break;
default:
kterm_put(*((int *)arg++));
break;
}
}
}
}

34
kernel/terminal/kterm.h Normal file
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#pragma once
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include "../drivers/vga/colors.h"
#include "../drivers/io/io.h"
#include <CoreLib/Memory.h>
void kterm_init();
/* Kernel terminal - Colour functions*/
void kterm_resetcolor();
void kterm_setcolor(uint8_t);
/* Kernel terminal - Printing function */
void kterm_putat(char, uint8_t, size_t, size_t);
void kterm_put(char);
void kterm_write(const char*, size_t);
void kterm_writestring(const char*);
void kterm_scrollup();
/* Kernel terminal - Cursor functions */
void enable_cursor (uint8_t start_cursor , uint8_t end_cursor );
void disable_cursor();
void update_cursor(int x, int y);
uint16_t get_cursor_position();
int get_cursor_x (uint16_t cursor_pos);
int get_cursor_y (uint16_t cursor_pos);
void printf ( const char *format, ...);

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#include "time.h"
// Set by ACPI table parsing code if possible
int century_register = 0x00;
unsigned char second;
unsigned char minute;
unsigned char hour;
unsigned char day;
unsigned char month;
unsigned int year;
int get_update_in_progress_flag() {
outb(cmos_address, 0x0A);
return (inb(cmos_data) & 0x80);
}
unsigned char get_RTC_register(int reg) {
outb(cmos_address, reg);
return inb(cmos_data);
}
void read_rtc() {
unsigned char century;
unsigned char last_second;
unsigned char last_minute;
unsigned char last_hour;
unsigned char last_day;
unsigned char last_month;
unsigned char last_year;
unsigned char last_century;
unsigned char registerB;
// Note: This uses the "read registers until you get the same values twice in a row" technique
// to avoid getting dodgy/inconsistent values due to RTC updates
while (get_update_in_progress_flag()); // Make sure an update isn't in progress
second = get_RTC_register(0x00);
minute = get_RTC_register(0x02);
hour = get_RTC_register(0x04);
day = get_RTC_register(0x07);
month = get_RTC_register(0x08);
year = get_RTC_register(0x09);
if(century_register != 0) {
century = get_RTC_register(century_register);
} else {
century = 21;
}
do {
last_second = second;
last_minute = minute;
last_hour = hour;
last_day = day;
last_month = month;
last_year = year;
last_century = century;
while (get_update_in_progress_flag()); // Make sure an update isn't in progress
second = get_RTC_register(0x00);
minute = get_RTC_register(0x02);
hour = get_RTC_register(0x04);
day = get_RTC_register(0x07);
month = get_RTC_register(0x08);
year = get_RTC_register(0x09);
if(century_register != 0) {
century = get_RTC_register(century_register);
}
} while( (last_second != second) || (last_minute != minute) || (last_hour != hour) ||
(last_day != day) || (last_month != month) || (last_year != year) ||
(last_century != century) );
registerB = get_RTC_register(0x0B);
// Convert BCD to binary values if necessary
if (!(registerB & 0x04)) {
second = (second & 0x0F) + ((second / 16) * 10);
minute = (minute & 0x0F) + ((minute / 16) * 10);
hour = ( (hour & 0x0F) + (((hour & 0x70) / 16) * 10) ) | (hour & 0x80);
day = (day & 0x0F) + ((day / 16) * 10);
month = (month & 0x0F) + ((month / 16) * 10);
year = (year & 0x0F) + ((year / 16) * 10);
if(century_register != 0) {
century = (century & 0x0F) + ((century / 16) * 10);
}
}
// Convert 12 hour clock to 24 hour clock if necessary
if (!(registerB & 0x02) && (hour & 0x80)) {
hour = ((hour & 0x7F) + 12) % 24;
}
// Calculate the full (4-digit) year
if(century_register != 0) {
year += century * 100;
} else {
year += (CURRENT_YEAR / 100) * 100;
if(year < CURRENT_YEAR) year += 100;
}
}
void delay(int t){
volatile int i,j;
for(i=0;i<t;i++)
for(j=0;j<25000;j++)
asm("NOP");
}

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#pragma once
#include "drivers/io/io.h"
#define CURRENT_YEAR 2021
extern int century_register;
extern unsigned char second;
extern unsigned char minute;
extern unsigned char hour;
extern unsigned char day;
extern unsigned char month;
extern unsigned int year;
enum {
cmos_address = 0x70,
cmos_data = 0x71
};
int get_update_in_progress_flag();
unsigned char get_RTC_register();
void read_rtc();
void delay(int t);

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kernel/timer.cpp Normal file
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#include "timer.h"
uint32_t tick = 0;
static void timer_callback (registers_t regs ){
tick ++ ;
kterm_writestring ("tick passed!");
}
void init_timer (uint32_t frequency){
// register timer callback
uint32_t divisor = 1193180 / frequency;
// Send the commmand byte
outb(0x43, 0x36);
// Divisor has to be sent byt-wise , so will send lower then upper bytes
uint8_t low = (uint8_t) (divisor & 0xFF);
uint8_t high = (uint8_t) ((divisor >> 8) & 0xFF);
outb(0x40, low);
outb(0x40, high);
}

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kernel/timer.h Normal file
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#pragma once
#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdint.h>
void init_timer (uint32_t frequency);

417
kernel/vfs/VFS.cpp Normal file
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#include "VFS.h"
#include "../filesystem/FAT/BiosParameterBlock.h"
#include "../drivers/ide/ide.h"
#include "../drivers/ata/ataDevice.h"
#include "../partitiontable/mbr/MasterBootRecord.h"
#include "../memory/KernelHeap.h"
#include "../../CoreLib/Memory.h"
#include "../filesystem/FAT/DirectoryEntry.h"
MOUNT_INFO mountInfo;
PFILESYSTEM _filesystems[DEVICE_MAX];
FILE volOpenFile(const char* fname)
{
if(fname){
unsigned char device = 'a';
char* filename = (char*) fname;
if(fname[1]== ':'){
device = fname[0];
filename += 2; // strip the volume component from the path
}
if(_filesystems[device - 'a']){
FILE file = _filesystems[device-'a']->Open(filename);
file.device = device;
return file;
}
}
FILE file;
file.flags = FS_INVALID;
return file;
}
extern void volReadFile(PFILE file, unsigned char* Buffer, unsigned int length)
{
}
extern void volCloseFile(PFILE file)
{
if( file->device < DEVICE_MAX){
// _filesystems[file->device]->Close(file);
}
}
extern void volRegisterFilesystem(PFILESYSTEM fsys , unsigned int deviceID){
if(deviceID < DEVICE_MAX)
if(fsys)
_filesystems[deviceID] = fsys;
}
extern void volUnregisterFilesystem(PFILESYSTEM){
}
extern void volUnregisterFileSystemByID(unsigned int deviceID){
}
enum BUS_PORT {
Primary = 0x1f0,
Secondary = 0x170
};
bool driveAvailable(){
int devNumber = 0;
for ( auto device : ide_devices){
if(!device.Reserved)
continue;
devNumber++;
}
// FIXME: If no drive is connected we continue trying to read from
// a not connected drive!
ATA_DEVICE::Identify((uint16_t) BUS_PORT::Primary, DEVICE_DRIVE::MASTER);
return true;
}
MBR* getPartitions(bool DEBUG = false){
const int C = 0;
const int H = 0;
const int HPC = 16;
const int SPT = 63;
int S =1;
uint32_t LBA = (C*HPC+H) * SPT + (S-1);
MBR* mbr =(MBR*) malloc(sizeof (MBR));
ATA_DEVICE::Read(BUS_PORT::Primary, DEVICE_DRIVE::MASTER, LBA, (uint16_t*)mbr);
if(DEBUG){
printf("BootSector: 0x%x\n", mbr->ValidBootsector );
for( int i = 0 ; i < 4 ; i ++){
PartitionTableEntry PT = mbr->TableEntries[i];
printf("Partition %d [ %d sectors, PartitionType: 0x%x, 0x%x, \nLBA Start: 0x%x ]\n" ,
i, PT.Number_sectors_inPartition, PT.PartitionType, mbr->uniqueID, PT.LBA_partition_start );
}
}
return mbr;
}
BiosParameterBlock* getBPB(MBR* mbr, bool DEBUG =false ){
BiosParameterBlock* bpb = (BiosParameterBlock*) malloc(sizeof(BiosParameterBlock));
ATA_DEVICE::Read(BUS_PORT::Primary, DEVICE_DRIVE::MASTER, mbr->TableEntries[0].LBA_partition_start, (uint16_t*) bpb);
if(DEBUG)
{
printf("OEM ID: %s\n", bpb->OEM_id);
printf("Bytes per sector: %d\n", bpb->BytesPerSector);
printf("Sectors per cluster: %d\n", bpb->SectorsPerCluster);
printf("Reserved sectors: %d\n", bpb->ReservedSectors);
printf("Number of FAT: %d\n", bpb->NumberOfFileAllocationTables);
printf("Number of Dir entries: %d\n", bpb->NumberOfDirectoryEntries);
printf("Total Sectors in volume: %d\n", bpb->TotalSectorsInLogicalVolume);
printf("Sectors per FAT: %d\n", bpb->NumberOfSectorsPerFAT);
}
return bpb;
}
uint16_t* ReadFAT (BiosParameterBlock& bpb , MBR& mbr, bool DEBUG = false ) {
uint32_t FATAddress = mbr.TableEntries[0].LBA_partition_start + bpb.ReservedSectors ;
uint16_t* FAT = (uint16_t*)malloc(sizeof (uint16_t) * 256);
ATA_DEVICE::Read(BUS_PORT::Primary, DEVICE_DRIVE::MASTER, FATAddress, FAT );
// Show data in terminal
if(DEBUG){
for( unsigned int i =0 ; i < 256 ; i++) {
printf("0x%x ", (unsigned short)FAT[i]);
}
kterm_put('\n');
}
return FAT;
}
void readFile(uint32_t DataRegion, DirectoryEntry* entry, uint16_t FATentry, BiosParameterBlock& bpb ){
printf("Show contents");
printf("Start cluster of the file: 0x%x\n", entry->StartingCluster);
printf("IS it only 1 cluster? %s\n", FATentry == 0xFFFF ? "Yes" : "No");
uint32_t sector = DataRegion + ((entry->StartingCluster - 0x02) * bpb.SectorsPerCluster);
uint16_t dataBlob[256];
ATA_DEVICE::Read(BUS_PORT::Primary, DEVICE_DRIVE::MASTER, sector, dataBlob);
for (unsigned short n: dataBlob) {
kterm_put(n & 0x00ff);
kterm_put(n >> 8);
}
kterm_put('\n');
}
void listFilesInRoot(MBR& mbr, BiosParameterBlock& bpb ){
auto FATAddress = mbr.TableEntries[0].LBA_partition_start + bpb.ReservedSectors;
uint32_t RootDirectoryRegion = FATAddress + ( bpb.NumberOfFileAllocationTables * bpb.NumberOfSectorsPerFAT );
uint32_t DataRegion = RootDirectoryRegion + ((bpb.NumberOfDirectoryEntries * 32) / bpb.BytesPerSector );
uint16_t* FAT = ReadFAT(bpb, mbr);
uint16_t data2 [256];
ATA_DEVICE::Read(BUS_PORT::Primary, DEVICE_DRIVE::MASTER, RootDirectoryRegion, data2 );
auto* RootDirectory = (DirectoryEntry*) data2;
// List files in root
for(int i= 0; i < sizeof (data2) / sizeof (DirectoryEntry); i++ ) {
auto *entry = (DirectoryEntry * )((uint32_t) RootDirectory + (i * sizeof(DirectoryEntry)));
if (entry->filename[0] == (uint8_t) 0x00)
continue; // There are no more entries in this directory or the entry is free
if ((entry->attribute & 0x01) == 0x01 || (entry->attribute & 0x20) == 0x20)
continue; // Skip listing if hidden or Achieve flag is set
// Print the filename;
for (char n: entry->filename) {
if (n == 0x20)
break;
kterm_put(n);
}
for (unsigned char n: entry->Extension) {
kterm_put(n);
}
kterm_put('\n');
printf("Attribute: %x \n", entry->attribute);
printf("FileSize: %d Bytes\n", entry->FilesizeInBytes);
if (entry->FilesizeInBytes != 0x0 && (entry->attribute == 0x08)) {
readFile(DataRegion,entry, FAT[i], bpb);
}
}
free(FAT);
}
/*
FILE fsysFatDirectory (const char* DirectoryName){
FILE file;
unsigned char* buf;
PDIRECTORY directory;
char DosFileName[11];
ToDosFileName(DirectoryName, DosFileName, 11);
DosFileName[11] =0;
for (int sector=0; sector <14 ; sector++){
ATA_DEVICE::Read(BUS_PORT::Primary, DEVICE_DRIVE::MASTER, mountInfo.rootOffset + sector, (uint16_t*)buf);
directory = (PDIRECTORY) buf;
for (int i =0; i < 16; i++){
char name[11];
memcpy(name, directory->Filename, 11);
name[11]=0;
if(strncmp(DosFileName, name, 11) == 0){
strcpy(file.name, DirectoryName);
file.id = 0;
file.currentCluster = directory->FirstCluster;
file.eof = 0;
file.filelength = directory->FileSize;
if(directory->Attrib == 0x10){
file.flags = FS_DIRECTORY;
} else {
file.flags = FS_FILE;
}
return file;
}
directory++;
}
}
// Can't find file
file.flags = FS_INVALID;
return file;
}
*/
void fsysFATRead(PFILE file, unsigned char* buffer, unsigned int length){
if(file){
unsigned int physSector = 32 + (file->currentCluster - 1);
const unsigned int SECTOR_SIZE = 512;
// read sector
ATA_DEVICE::Read(BUS_PORT::Primary, DEVICE_DRIVE::MASTER, physSector, (uint16_t*) buffer );
unsigned int FAT_Offset = file->currentCluster + (file->currentCluster /2);
unsigned int FAT_Sector = 1 + (FAT_Offset / SECTOR_SIZE);
unsigned int entryOffset =FAT_Offset % SECTOR_SIZE;
uint8_t FAT[SECTOR_SIZE*2];
ATA_DEVICE::Read(BUS_PORT::Primary, DEVICE_DRIVE::MASTER, FAT_Sector,(uint16_t*) FAT); // Read 1st FAT sector
ATA_DEVICE::Read(BUS_PORT::Primary, DEVICE_DRIVE::MASTER, FAT_Sector +1, (uint16_t*)FAT+SECTOR_SIZE);
// read entry for next cluster
uint16_t nextCluster = *(uint16_t*) &FAT[entryOffset];
// test if entry is odd or even
if(file->currentCluster & 0x0001){
nextCluster>>= 4; // grab the high 12 bits
}else{
nextCluster &= 0x0FFF; // grab the low 12 bits
}
// test for end of file
if(nextCluster >= 0xff8){
file->eof -1;
return;
}
// test for file corruption
if(nextCluster == 0){
file->eof =1;
return;
}
// set next cluster
file->currentCluster = nextCluster;
}
}
/*
FILE fsysFatOpenSubDir(FILE kFile, const char* filename){
FILE file;
char DosFileName[11];
ToDosFileName(filename, DosFileName, 11);
DosFileName[11] = 0;
while(!kFile.eof){
//read directory
unsigned char buf[512];
fsysFATRead(&file, buf, 512);
PDIRECTORY pkDir = (PDIRECTORY) buf;
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < 16; i++){
// get current filename
char name[11];
memcpy(name, pkDir->Filename, 11);
name[11] = 0;
if(strncmp(name, DosFileName, 11) == 0){
strcpy(file.name, filename);
file.id = 0;
file.currentCluster = pkDir->FirstCluster;
file.filelength = pkDir->FileSize;
file.eof = 0;
// set file type;
if(pkDir->Attrib == 0x10){
file.flags = FS_DIRECTORY;
} else{
file.flags = FS_FILE;
}
return file;
}
// go to next entry
pkDir++;
}
}
// unable to find file
file.flags = FS_INVALID;
return file;
}
*/
void FileSystem::initialize()
{
MBR* mbr = getPartitions();
BiosParameterBlock* bootsector = getBPB(mbr);
listFilesInRoot(*mbr, *bootsector);
free(mbr);
free(bootsector);
/*
mountInfo.numSectors = bootsector->NumberOfSectorsPerFAT;
mountInfo.fatOffset = 1;
mountInfo.fatSize = bootsector->NumberOfSectorsPerFAT;
mountInfo.fatEntrySize = 8;
mountInfo.numRootEntries = bootsector->NumberOfDirectoryEntries;
mountInfo.rootOffset = (bootsector->NumberOfFileAllocationTables * bootsector->NumberOfSectorsPerFAT) + 1;
mountInfo.rootSize = (bootsector->NumberOfDirectoryEntries * 32) / bootsector->BytesPerSector;
*/
}
char* FindNextEntryName (char* path )
{
int length = strlen(path);
char* name = path;
int i = 0;
if( name[0] == '/')
i++;
while ( name[i] != '/' && i <= length)
i++;
char* s = (char*) malloc(i + 1 * sizeof(char));
for ( int a = 0; a < i; a++)
s[a] = path[a];
s[i + 1] = '\0';
return s;
}
void FileSystem::ResolvePath(Path &path)
{
// See reference material (1) https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/path_resolution.7.html
char* string_path = path.str();
void* cpy = string_path;
bool isAbsolutePath = string_path[0] == '/';
if(isAbsolutePath)
{
// strip the first slash
string_path++;
}
char* entry_name = FindNextEntryName(string_path);
printf("Look for entry with name: %s\n", entry_name);
int skip = strlen(entry_name);
free(entry_name);
entry_name = FindNextEntryName(string_path + skip);
printf("Look for entry with name: %s\n", entry_name);
skip = strlen(entry_name);
free(entry_name);
free(cpy);
}

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kernel/vfs/VFS.h Normal file
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#pragma once
#include <stdint.h>
#include "../../CoreLib/Path.h"
#define FS_FILE 0
#define FS_DIRECTORY 1
#define FS_INVALID 2
#define DEVICE_MAX 26
typedef struct _FILE {
char name [32];
uint32_t flags;
uint32_t filelength;
uint32_t id;
uint32_t eof;
uint32_t position;
uint32_t currentCluster;
uint32_t device;
}FILE, *PFILE;
typedef struct _FILE_SYSTEM{
char name[8];
FILE (*Directory) (const char* Directoryname);
void (*Mount) ();
void (*Read) (PFILE file, unsigned char* buffer, unsigned int length);
void (Close) (PFILE);
FILE (*Open) (const char* filename);
}FILESYSTEM, *PFILESYSTEM;
typedef struct _MOUNT_INFO{
uint32_t numSectors;
uint32_t fatOffset;
uint32_t numRootEntries;
uint32_t rootOffset;
uint32_t rootSize;
uint32_t fatSize;
uint32_t fatEntrySize;
}MOUNT_INFO, *PMOUNT_INFO;
typedef struct _DIRECTORY{
uint8_t Filename[8];
uint8_t Ext[3];
uint8_t Attrib;
uint8_t Reserved;
uint8_t TimeCreatedMs;
uint16_t TimeCreated;
uint16_t DateCreated;
uint16_t DateLastAccessed;
uint16_t FirstClusterHiBytes;
uint16_t LastModTime;
uint16_t LastModDate;
uint16_t FirstCluster;
uint32_t FileSize;
}DIRECTORY, *PDIRECTORY;
// Date Format
// [0..4] Day
// [5..8] Month
// [9..15] Year
// Time Format
// [0..4] Seconds
// [5..10] Minute
// [11..15] Hour
extern PFILESYSTEM _filesystems[DEVICE_MAX];
FILE volOpenFile(const char* fname);
void volCloseFile(PFILE file);
void volRegisterFilesystem(PFILESYSTEM, unsigned int deviceID);
void volUnregisterFilesystem(PFILESYSTEM);
void volUnregisterFileSystemByID(unsigned int deviceID);
class FileSystem{
public:
static void initialize();
static void ResolvePath(Path& path);
};